共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 485 毫秒
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混合震源采集技术相对于传统地震数据采集具有改善成像质量、提高采集效率的优势.减小混合炮中单炮之间的随机延时范围能够有效的提高采集效率，但这也给之后的混采数据分离带来了影响.混采数据经伪分离后非共炮域数据中的混叠噪声明显更加集中，不利于对混叠噪声进行压制.本文提出基于脉冲检测方法对混采数据进行分离，并且与迭代的多级中值滤波方法作对比，时间延时范围较大时，两种方法都能得到很好的分离结果；时间延时范围较小时，本文方法能更有效的去除混叠噪声，同时也能更好的保留细节信息.实际数据计算结果表明，本文方法一定程度上还能够有效压制其他随机噪声. 相似文献
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多源地震混合采集采用随机线性编码方式同时激发多个震源,检波器连续接收地震信号,获得波场混叠的炮记录.该采集技术能够显著提升采集效率和成像质量,其实现关键在于炮分离,即将相互混叠的多源波场数据彼此分离,获得传统采集的单炮记录.最小平方算法只能得到伪分离记录,不能去除混叠噪声.在高混合度的混叠数据中,混叠噪声的能量往往数倍于有效信号,炮分离难度倍增.但在伪分离记录中,该噪声在除共炮点道集以外的其它时域均为随机分布.本文研究提出了一种多时域组合迭代去噪的炮分离技术:通过运用多级中值滤波与Curvelet阈值迭代去噪算法,在不同时域根据混叠噪声特性采用相应的去噪手段,并设计迭代算法优化炮分离结果.实际资料处理结果证明:将本方法应用于高混合度的混叠数据,无论是分离质量还是计算效率,都有明显提升. 相似文献
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多震源地震采集技术允许一次性激发不同位置处的震源,得到来自多个震源的混合地震数据,该技术采集效率高,能有效降低采集成本.多震源地震数据成像效率高,但在偏移剖面中会引入串扰噪声,影响成像精度.最小二乘偏移常被用于压制多震源地震数据成像中的串扰噪声,但常规的最小二乘偏移并不能很好的消除串扰噪声对成像结果的影响,难以满足成像精度的要求.因此,为了保证反演的稳定性并改善反演结果,根据反射系数在Seislet域的稀疏性,本文引入了Seislet变换作为变换域稀疏约束的变换算子,实现了基于Seislet变换的稀疏约束多震源最小二乘逆时偏移,数值实验表明该方法能有效压制串扰噪声. 相似文献
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海上地震勘探中为提高采集效率会采取连续采集方案,导致地震记录尾端与下一炮起始记录重合,这种现象对浅层地震处理影响不大,但是会完全掩盖深层地震信号.由于混叠噪声与真实信号属于同方向及同震源采集,其频谱完全重叠,常规的噪声压制方法无法完全压制混叠噪声.本文提出了一种基于同相轴追踪的混叠记录分离方法,利用时域上混叠噪声与真实地震信号时距曲线的曲率差异得到混叠噪声的模型,再利用最小平方约束反演方法进行自适应相减,使有效信号误差最小,最终完成混叠炮集分离.通过理论分析与正演测试,混叠衰减的关键在于求取可靠的混叠模型,而自适应衰减则控制细微振幅与相位差异.通过对实际地震资料进行处理,并与F-K滤波方法进行了对比,证实了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
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同时震源数据包含了多炮之间的串扰噪声,不能直接用于常规数据处理流程.因此,需要对混叠的波场进行分离得到常规采集的单炮记录.本文基于稀疏迭代反演分离,提出了一种具有尺度与空间自适应的Wiener阈值选取方法.该阈值选取方法能够根据不同迭代环境计算不同尺度下串扰噪声的方差和不同空间位置有效信号的方差,从而自适应调整阈值大小,最终通过对变换域系数进行收缩来达到去除串扰噪声的目的.理论模型数据和实际数据测试结果表明,本文方法能够快速有效地压制串扰噪声和保护弱有效信号,取得了比Contourlet域子带一致Wiener阈值方法和Curvelet域指数衰减阈值方法更好的分离效果. 相似文献
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高密度采集可以提高地震资料品质,改善成像精度,但也会增加地震采集成本.为了提高采集效率降低生产成本,混采技术得到了推广应用.但是该采集方式会产生严重的混叠噪声,降低地震数据的信噪比.针对此问题,本文结合中值滤波、动校正(NMO)和复曲波变换阈值去噪的优势,设计了一种优化的复曲波变换压制混源噪声方法.该方法首先采用大步长中值滤波对经过NMO处理的数据进行滤波,再利用基于复曲波域的阈值去噪方法提取剩余信号,计算滤波结果的伪分离记录和原始混叠数据的差值,再将该差值返回到第一步进行迭代,每次迭代中值滤波步长逐步减小,直到达到初始设定的期望信噪比为止.与基于F-K域和curvelet域的迭代阈值方法相比,本文方法可以在压制混叠噪声的同时,更好的保护有效信号,由于本文方法仅需较少的迭代次数,计算效率也可以大大提高. 相似文献
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传统地震数据稀疏重建方法面临着:(1)叠前共炮点道集或CMP道集反射波为双曲线型同相轴,地震数据重建会损害有效波;(2)地震信号存在噪声和畸变,要求重建方法具有较好的噪声鲁棒性.针对这两个问题,提出一种基于L_1-L_1范数稀疏表示的共偏移距道集地震数据重建方法.该方法利用了共偏移距道集中地震波为水平同相轴,无道间时差,满足空间重建要求,和L_1-L_1范数稀疏表示具有较好的噪声鲁棒性.首先抽取共偏移距道集地震数据,并根据地震采集信息构造复合采样矩阵,然后采用L_1-L_1范数稀疏表示对数据稀疏重建后,再将数据反变换回共炮点道集或CMP道集,能够同时实现地震信号稀疏重建和随机噪声压制.理论模型和实际数据试算结果验证所提方法具有较好重建精度和噪声鲁棒性. 相似文献
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叠前多级优化联合偏移速度建模 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
推导了基于角度域共成像点道集的叠前深度层析速度建模公式,提出了一种叠前多级优化联合偏移速度建模方法.通过基于共散射点(CSP)道集的叠前时间偏移速度分析获取初始速度,利用基于角度域共成像点道集(ADCIGs)的叠前深度层析速度反演进行速度更新建模.实现步骤可以概括为:首先,将叠前地震数据映射为CSP道集,利用CSP道集的叠加速度谱进行速度分析得到均方根速度场;其次,通过Dix公式将均方根速度场转换为层速度场,以此进行层析初始速度建模,基于ADCIGs实现叠前深度层析速度反演,最终得到高精度的叠前偏移速度场.断层模型和实际资料试算结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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随着高密度以及深层地震勘探的发展和普及,采集数据量随之急剧增加,常规采集方法已经不能有效地适应这些大数据量的勘探项目需求,高效地震采集方法成为必然.近几年来,混叠采集是较新发展的一种高效采集方法.本文在调研目前常用的混合源和同时源方法的基础上,总结提出了混叠采集的新概念.根据概念建立起理论正演模型进行模拟,模拟混叠采集方法与常规采集方法的区别、不同参数对混叠效果的影响等,得出相关的结论.在华北东部廊固凹陷进行了验证性试验.廊固凹陷地处华北平原,交通发达,村庄密集,存在较大的空炮率和超强的环境噪声,对资料品质有较大的影响,野外试验与模拟试验结果大致相同,也有一定的差异.与以往规则型的混叠方式不同,本研究在试验中创新性引入了任意随机与不同激发信号的混叠方式方法,取得了一些新的认识.研究结果表明:混叠采集方法能显著地提高生产效率;混叠带来的噪声可以通过不同域来去除;混叠采集需要一定的合适的空间间隔;混叠采集数据品质略差于常规方法,但可以通过提高采集密度和生产效率来弥补;混叠参数选取要考虑平衡施工效率、噪声水平和资料品质. 相似文献
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Multi-source seismic technology is an efficient seismic acquisition method that requires a group of blended seismic data to be separated into single-source seismic data for subsequent processing. The separation of blended seismic data is a linear inverse problem. According to the relationship between the shooting number and the simultaneous source number of the acquisition system, this separation of blended seismic data is divided into an easily determined or overdetermined linear inverse problem and an underdetermined linear inverse problem that is difficult to solve. For the latter, this paper presents an optimization method that imposes the sparsity constraint on wavefields to construct the object function of inversion, and the problem is solved by using the iterative thresholding method. For the most extremely underdetermined separation problem with single-shooting and multiple sources, this paper presents a method of pseudo-deblending with random noise filtering. In this method, approximate common shot gathers are received through the pseudo-deblending process, and the random noises that appear when the approximate common shot gathers are sorted into common receiver gathers are eliminated through filtering methods. The separation methods proposed in this paper are applied to three types of numerical simulation data, including pure data without noise, data with random noise, and data with linear regular noise to obtain satisfactory results. The noise suppression effects of these methods are sufficient, particularly with single-shooting blended seismic data, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed methods. 相似文献
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Tomohide Ishiyama Mohammed Y. Ali Satoshi Ishikawa Gerrit Blacquiere Shotaro Nakayama 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1852-1866
We introduce a concept of generalized blending and deblending, develop its models and accordingly establish a method of deblended-data reconstruction using these models. The generalized models can handle real situations by including random encoding into the generalized operators both in the space and time domain, and both at the source and receiver side. We consider an iterative optimization scheme using a closed-loop approach with the generalized blending and deblending models, in which the former works for the forward modelling and the latter for the inverse modelling in the closed loop. We applied our method to existing real data acquired in Abu Dhabi. The results show that our method succeeded to fully reconstruct deblended data even from the fully generalized, thus quite complicated blended data. We discuss the complexity of blending properties on the deblending performance. In addition, we discuss the applicability to time-lapse seismic monitoring as it ensures high repeatability of the surveys. Conclusively, we should acquire blended data and reconstruct deblended data without serious problems but with the benefit of blended acquisition. 相似文献
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In this paper, we compare the denoising- and inversion-based deblending methods using Stolt migration operators. We use Stolt operator as a kernel to efficiently compute apex-shifted hyperbolic Radon transform. Sparsity promoting transforms, such as Radon transform, can focus seismic data into a sparse model to separate signals, remove noise or interpolate missing traces. Therefore, Radon transforms are a suitable tool for either the denoising- or the inversion-based deblending methods. The denoising-based deblending treats blending interferences as random noise by sorting the data into new gathers, such as common receiver gather. In these gathers, blending interferences exhibit random structures due to the randomization of the source firing times. Alternatively, the inversion-based deblending treats blending interferences as a signal, and the transform models this signal by incorporating the blending operator to formulate an inversion problem. We compare both methods using a robust inversion algorithm with sparse regularization. Results of synthetic and field data examples show that the inversion-based deblending can produce more accurate signal separation for highly blended data. 相似文献
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双程波方程逆时深度偏移是复杂介质高精度成像的有效技术,但其结果中通常包含成像方法引起的噪音和假象,一般的滤波方法会破坏成像剖面上的振幅,其中的假象也会给后续地质解释带来困扰.将波场进行方向分解然后实现入射波与反射波的相关成像能够有效地消除这类成像噪音,并提高逆时偏移成像质量.波传播方向的分解通常在频率波数域实现,它会占用大量的存储和计算资源,不便于在沿时间外推的逆时深度偏移中应用.本文提出解析时间波场外推方法,可以在时间外推的每个时间片上实现波传播方向的显式分解,逆时深度偏移中利用分解后的炮检波场进行对应的相关运算,实现成像噪音和成像信号的分离.在模型和实际数据上的测试表明,相比于常规互相关逆时偏移成像结果,本文方法能够有效地消除低频成像噪音和特殊地质构造导致的成像假象. 相似文献
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The technology of simultaneous-source acquisition of seismic data excited by several sources can significantly improve the data collection efficiency. However, direct imaging of simultaneous-source data or blended data may introduce crosstalk noise and affect the imaging quality. To address this problem, we introduce a structure-oriented filtering operator as preconditioner into the multisource least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM). The structure-oriented filtering operator is a nonstationary filter along structural trends that suppresses crosstalk noise while maintaining structural information. The proposed method uses the conjugate-gradient method to minimize the mismatch between predicted and observed data, while effectively attenuating the interference noise caused by exciting several sources simultaneously. Numerical experiments using synthetic data suggest that the proposed method can suppress the crosstalk noise and produce highly accurate images. 相似文献
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多震源地震技术是一种高效的地震数据采集方法技术,得到的地震记录是来自多个震源的混合地震数据.本文在多震源波场传播理论和地震波场满足线性叠加原理的基础上,提出了两种多震源地震数据的偏移成像方法.第一种方法是首先对多震源地震数据进行分离,得到各个单震源的地震数据,然后再利用常规的偏移成像方法进行处理;第二种方法是多震源地震数据的直接偏移成像.把本文提出的多震源偏移成像方法应用于数值模拟的多震源地震数据,验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性,直接偏移成像方法较分离后再偏移方法具有更高的计算效率. 相似文献
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Scattered ground roll is a type of noise observed in land seismic data that can be particularly difficult to suppress. Typically, this type of noise cannot be removed using conventional velocity‐based filters. In this paper, we discuss a model‐driven form of seismic interferometry that allows suppression of scattered ground‐roll noise in land seismic data. The conventional cross‐correlate and stack interferometry approach results in scattered noise estimates between two receiver locations (i.e. as if one of the receivers had been replaced by a source). For noise suppression, this requires that each source we wish to attenuate the noise from is co‐located with a receiver. The model‐driven form differs, as the use of a simple model in place of one of the inputs for interferometry allows the scattered noise estimate to be made between a source and a receiver. This allows the method to be more flexible, as co‐location of sources and receivers is not required, and the method can be applied to data sets with a variety of different acquisition geometries. A simple plane‐wave model is used, allowing the method to remain relatively data driven, with weighting factors for the plane waves determined using a least‐squares solution. Using a number of both synthetic and real two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) land seismic data sets, we show that this model‐driven approach provides effective results, allowing suppression of scattered ground‐roll noise without having an adverse effect on the underlying signal. 相似文献