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公众对地震重点监视防御区的认知与防震减灾宣传工作的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
公众是实现地震重点监视防御区(以下简称地震重防区)防震减灾工作目标、提升社会防震减灾能力的主力军,而公众对地震重防区的认知与防震减灾宣传密不可分.本文通过问卷调查,发现许多公众对地震重防区和相关知识的认知程度低、公众的防震减灾素质有待提高、防震减灾宣传针对地震重防区的内容不够全面、宣传方式和手段不够多样化等问题.据此,提出建议:强化地震重防区宣传,丰富防震减灾宣传内容;防震减灾宣传方式和途径多样化;完善防震减灾宣传教育制度等. 相似文献
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我国是世界上地震灾害最为严重的国家之一。50余年的防震减灾工作实践表明,健全防震减灾法律体系对于提升我国地震灾害防御能力具有十分重要的作用。采用文献查阅、对比分析等方法,在全面梳理我国防震减灾法律体系现状的基础上,总结分析了存在的4个方面问题,并借鉴日本和美国的先进经验,提出了出台《自然灾害防治法》、修订《突发事件应对法》,适时修订防震减灾有关法律法规,进一步明确防震减灾职权主体的法定职责任务,完善地方防震减灾法律体系等对策建议。 相似文献
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关于地震重点监视防御区信息公开问题的讨论 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地震重点监视防御区(以下简称“地震重防区”)制度是《防震减灾法》确立的基本法律制度之一.在《防震减灾法》的指导下,部分省制定出台了地方政府规章,进一步细化了这一法律制度.在法律实践方面,1996年国务院批准了1996-2005年全国地震重防区方案,2006年又批准了2006-2020年全国地震重防区方案. 相似文献
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我国是个多地震的国家,为了实现防震减灾十年目标,切实做好地震应急工作,１９９５年１２月国务院颁布了《破坏性地震应急条件》（以下简称《条例》）。文章宣传了贯彻《条例》的意义和目的,并从制定防灾预案,强化政府防震减灾职能作用;加强震情应急研究,做好防震救灾基础工作;加强地震应急宣传,提高社会防震减灾意识等几个方面介绍了山东枣庄市地震办公室在贯彻《条例》时所做的实际工作和经验体会。 相似文献
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本文从6个方面详细分析探讨了地震重点监视防御区信息公开的必要性和意义，并以行业专项课题“地震重点监视防御区工作指南和发布方案”执行过程中专门设计的“重防区管理办法和工作指南调查问卷”为基础，针对被访者对重防区信息公开的态度、信息公开途径、发布形式、发布内容、防震减灾工作应当加强的环节以及采取的强化措施进行了系统调查。通过对数据进行分析研究得出以下结论和建议:地震重防区信息应当采取逐级公开、逐步公开的方式进行，建议由国务院颁布地震重点监视防御区管理办法和工作指南，同时以政府文件下发重防区县级行政单元名单，不加密级。本文最后提出了为减轻信息公开后引起的负面影响所应实行的一些配套措施。 相似文献
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随着海洋的开发和利用,海洋的地震安全问题已越来越突显。我国领海和邻海是强地震多发区,海洋地震灾害主要体现在对沿海陆地的破坏和海域本身的破坏两个方面。我国经济发展的主体在沿海,沿海人口也比较集中,领海和邻海一旦发生大的地震,造成的灾害损失将非常巨大。而我国海洋地震防震减灾工作的现状是“底数不清,关注不够,能力很弱,隐患很多,任务繁重。”提出了加强海洋区域防震减灾工作的具体建议,即:中国地震局与国家海洋局联合制定我国海洋区域防震减灾规划;制定海洋区域防震减灾的相关法律法规和技术标准;建立监测海洋地震的台网;开展重点地区和重大项目的地震区划及安全性评价;开展大陆架探测;设立海洋地震科学专项基金,加强海洋地震科学研究;建立海啸预警系统;中国地震学会设立海洋地震专业委员会。 相似文献
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对于减轻地震灾害与地震预报而制定了国家法律的有日本和美国,下面分别叙述其主要内容:“日本大地震对策特别措施法”为日本1978年第73号法律,于1978年6月15日公布。制定该法的目的是为在大地震震灾中保护国民生命,人身及财产安全,以加强地震防灾对策,有助于维持社会秩序和确保公共福利。日本首相可指定有必要加强地震防灾对策的地区为地震防灾对策强化地区。国家为预报发生于 相似文献
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Michele Caputo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1964,57(1):66-82
Summary Adopting thePizzetti-Somigliana method and using elliptic integrals we have obtained closed formulas for the space gravity field in which one of the equipotential surfaces is a triaxial ellipsoid. The same formulas are also obtained in first approximation of the equatorial flattening avoiding the use of the elliptic integrals. Using data from satellites and Earth gravity data the gravitational and geometric bulge of the Earth's equator are computed. On the basis of these results and on the basis of recent gravity data taken around the equator between the longitudes 50° to 100° E, 155° to 180° E, and 145° to 180° W, we question the advantage of using a triaxial gravity formula and a triaxial ellipsoid in geodesy. Closed formulas for the space field in which a biaxial ellipsoid is an equipotential surface are also derived in polar coordinates and its parameters are specialized to give the international gravity formula values on the international ellipsoid. The possibility to compute the Earth's dimensions from the present Earth gravity data is the discussed and the value ofMG=(3.98603×1020 cm3 sec–2) (M mass of the Earth,G gravitational constant) is computed. The agreement of this value with others computed from the mean distance Earth-Moon is discussed. The Legendre polinomials series expansion of the gravitational potential is also added. In this series the coefficients of the polinomials are closed formulas in terms of the flattening andMG.Publication Number 327, and Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica of Università di Trieste. 相似文献
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浙江省北部及邻区中强地震前地倾斜异常特征及其预测意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
钟羽云 《地震地磁观测与研究》1998,(3)
解释并讨论了湖州和宁波台１９９３年以来的地倾斜资料,总结了震前有异常显示的６次地震。发现：①异常在现场记录资料中均有显示,异常形态的识别对预报地震有重要的意义;②能观测到异常全过程的倾斜仪与震中的距离基本符合式ｌｇＤｊ＝０．３０３（ＭＳ＋１．６）给出的监测能力半径,大于这个半径的台有时也能观测到异常,但多为短临异常。如果震前记录到异常的全过程,则利用单台资料可能对地震三要素进行预测。 相似文献
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Crustal and upper mantle structure and the deep seismogenic environment in the source regions of the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Following the M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake is another devastating earthquake that struck the Longmenshan Fault Zone (LFZ) and caused severe damages. In this study, we collected continuous broadband ambient noise seismic data and earthquake event data from Chinese provincial digital seismic network, and then utilized ambient noise tomography method and receiver function method to obtain high resolution shear wave velocity structure, crustal thickness, and Poisson ratio in the earthquake source region and its surroundings. Based on the tomography images and the receiver function results, we further analyzed the deep seismogenic environment of the LFZ and its neighborhood. We reveal three main findings: (1) There is big contrast of the shear wave velocities across the LFZ. (2) Both the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the regions where crustal shear wave velocity and crustal thickness change dramatically. The rupture faults and the aftershock zones are also concentrated in the areas where the lateral gradients of crustal seismic wave speed and crustal thickness change significantly, and the focal depths of the earthquakes are concentrated in the transitional depths where shear wave velocities change dramatically from laterally uniform to laterally non-uniform. (3) The Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks occurred in low Poisson ratio region, while the Lushan earthquake sequences are located in high Poisson ratio zone. We proposed that the effect of the dramatic lateral variation of shear wave velocity, and the gravity potential energy differences caused by the big contrast in the topography and the crustal thickness across the LFZ may constitute the seismogenic environment for the strong earthquakes in the LFZ, and the Poisson ratio difference between the rocks in the south and north segments of the Longmenshan Fault zone may explain the 5 years delay of the occurrence of the Lushan earthquake than the Wenchuan earthquake. 相似文献
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Pore water testing and analysis: the good,the bad,and the ugly 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The increasingly common practice of collecting and assessing sediment pore water as a primary measure of sediment quality is reviewed. Good features of this practice include: pore water is a key exposure route for some organisms associated with sediments; pore water testing eliminates particle size effects; pore water analyses and tests can provide useful information regarding contamination and pollution. Bad features include: pore water is not the only exposure route; pore water tests lack chemical or biological realism: their "sensitivity" relative to other tests may be meaningless due to manipulation and laboratory artifacts; many sediment and surface dwelling organisms are not directly influenced by pore water. Bad features can become ugly if: other exposure pathways are not considered (for toxicity or bioaccumulation); manipulation techniques are not appropriate; pore water tests are inappropriately linked to population-level effects. Pore water testing and analyses can be effective tools provided their limitations are well understood by researchers and managers. 相似文献
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利用哈佛大学GCMT数据中心和前人积累的历史地震资料(1962～2016年MW 4.0地震)以及Crust2.0地壳结构统计分析了喜马拉雅地区、天山地区的地壳区域构造与地震活动间的相关性。此外,利用GFZ地学研究中心提供的静态卫星重力模型GGM03S/EGM2008和地形模型Topo计算了2个地区的各类重力异常场,同时还模拟了不同地壳弹性参数下的重力异常场,结果表明喜马拉雅地区重力异常场在水平、垂直方向的梯度特征远大于天山地区的异常特征,且喜马拉雅地区的有效弹性板厚度T_e(6～15km)小于天山地区的有效弹性板厚度T_e(20～30km)。最后,利用喜马拉雅地区与天山地区的GPS震间三维形变场约束了断层运动模型,结果显示两者主前缘断裂的断层闭锁深度及应力积累状态存在较大的差异。因此认为,造成青藏高原及邻区的边界地壳区域地震活动性差异的动力学因素,与地壳有效弹性板厚度、孕震断层参数及区域应力积累状态等密切相关。 相似文献
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基于ISC地震记录,利用天体动力学中二体问题的轨道方程和摄动理论,确定发震时刻太阳在地面的投影点位置,并进一步计算出太阳相对震中的地心天顶距,将地震按天顶距的大小进行统计,得到地震的太阳天顶距地震频度分布。同样的方法,可得地震的月球天顶距地震频度分布。统计发现:地震的太阳天顶距地震频度和月球天顶距地震频度分布表现出一致的规律性,且较大地震和小地震的活动规律不同,较大地震丛集发生在太阳(月球)天顶距0°和180°附近,与地面引潮力的绝对值分布有较好的一致性;而小地震多丛集在太阳(月球)天顶距60°和120°附近。在此基础上,我们对地震的日月天顶距同时进行统计,建立了日月天顶距地震概率密度分布,结果表明,日月投影点及其对蹠点周围,较大地震发生的概率较高。 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The behavior of the correlation between the radial BR and normal BN components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the dependence on the time, the flow type of... 相似文献
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