共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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目前人们利用4种基本的地震波现象研究地震各向异性,如横波双折射、面波散射、与传播方向有关的走时异常和PS转换波震相.本文利用面波散射产生的Quasi-Love（QL）波研究青藏高原上地幔顶部的各向异性结构特征.首先利用中国地震台网昌都（CAD）台记录的地震波形资料识别出产生QL波的路径,并利用合成地震记录和垂直偏振极性分析证实所观测到的为QL波,而不是高阶振型的Rayleigh波或其他体波震相;然后由Rayleigh波、Love波和QL波的群速度估算了各向异性结构横向变化的转换点;不同周期时,转换点的位置不同,这种频率依赖性还需要进一步的模拟研究.Love波向Rayleigh波耦合（产生QL波）的转换点位置揭示了青藏高原面波方位各向异性变化特征,并以南北向构造带的东西分段性、上地幔流引起的地球内力诱导岩石形变解释了青藏高原各向异性的东西向差异性. 相似文献
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通过测量地震波速度变化可分析地下介质应力状态的变化，加深对地震物理过程的认识.本文利用2021年5月21日漾濞MS6.4地震震中50 km范围内16个地震台站2021年的三分量连续记录，通过背景噪声干涉方法研究了漾濞MS6.4地震同震波速变化及震后恢复过程.结果表明，在1～4 Hz的频带范围内，台站对间的相对波速在主震后明显降低，dv/vpair的幅度为-0.29%～-0.02%,随台站间距增大而降低.由线性回归获得的各台站的相对波速变化dv/vstation的幅度为-0.16%～-0.02%,总体随震中距增大而减小.分析表明，测量得到的同震波速变化主要来自于浅层(≤2km)介质，受静态应变和动态应变的共同影响，主要由强地面运动引起的岩石破碎和应力大规模调整控制.远离主震的北部台站波速变化较大，对应力扰动敏感性高，推测与台站下方的热流体分布相关.波速变化测量结果指示漾濞地震周边地震波速度在震后几天内达到最低值，而在8月份前后逐渐恢复到震前的水平，表征了介质的愈合过程.研究表明利用背景噪声干涉可对同震... 相似文献
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为了解水库水体加、卸载及渗透过程中,库底岩石介质有效应力变化对弹性波速的影响,以及弹性波速变化与孔隙压力、有效应力变化之间的定量关系,以四川省紫坪铺水库为例,在前期已建立库区地质构造与水文地质结构模型,并推导出岩石介质变形与流体渗流耦合数学模型的基础上,进一步建立了有效应力对岩石弹性波速影响的数学模型,利用有限元方法定量计算了库底岩石介质的孔隙压力、附加有效应力和弹性波速的变化。结果表明:在水库水体加、卸载及渗透过程中,地下岩石介质弹性波速增量值的变化并不明显,最大变幅仅为±0.013km/s,变化范围主要集中在库底5km以上的局部区域;弹性波速增量值与附加有效应力变化同步,与水库水位变化形态相似;不同观测点弹性波速变化量的大小与埋藏位置、深度及附加有效应力的变化幅度有关,同一观测点,弹性纵波波速变化幅度大于弹性横波波速。文中数值模拟的结果与一些学者通过环境噪声方法获得的紫坪铺水库附近区域相对波速变化的反演结果在变化形态上大体一致,但变化幅度略有差异。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(6)
有利油气储集的层状沉积地层中广泛存在裂缝,属于含裂缝VTI介质.综合考虑层状介质和裂缝介质的特点,基于几何相似原理,设计并制作了含定向排列裂缝的VTI介质物理模型,实验研究了测量频率、裂缝特征尺寸、裂缝密度对弹性波透射的影响.结果表明,波垂直裂缝面传播时,纵波首波速度随测量频率的增加而线性增大,峰值速度基本不变,单纯由裂缝导致的衰减以良好的乘幂规律降低;纵波波速随裂缝密度、裂缝特征尺寸的增大而线性增大;衰减随裂缝密度增大而增大,随裂缝特征尺寸的增大而减小.当接收探头波长与特征尺寸比为1~12时,纵波首波速度变化显著,处于射线理论与等效介质理论描述的过渡区间.纵横波速比对裂缝特征尺寸变化敏感,可作为典型的裂缝监测参数,也为基于弹性波相应的预测岩石孔隙结构提供了依据. 相似文献
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本文利用研究区内13个地震台站2014年1月至12月的连续波形数据, 采用背景噪声互相关方法, 提取了2014年8月3日鲁甸MS6.5地震的同震波速变化。 结果表明, 鲁甸地震对介质波速的影响具有明显的空间差异性, 较大幅度的同震波速变化主要集中于则木河断裂—小江断裂及莲峰断裂区域。 其中, 莲峰断裂SW段和则木河断裂NW段区域的波速出现了较为明显的同震降低, 则木河断裂和小江断裂交界处则出现了明显的波速升高。 通过对比研究区内介质波速的同震变化与鲁甸地震对周边主要活动断裂应力积累的影响后发现, 波速变化与应力变化在空间分布上具有较高的一致性, 且两者的变化幅度也成正相关关系。 由此可以看出, 鲁甸地震造成的应力变化可能是地下介质波速变化的主要原因。 采用相同的方法对2014年4月5日永善MS5.1地震研究后发现, 永善地震后鲁甸地震震源区及其附近区域波速明显升高。 相似文献
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监测地下介质物性动态变化对于研究地震的孕育发生过程具有重要意义. 汶川地震发生后, 在汶川地震主断裂带东北端的陕西省宁强县, 建立了一套主动震源观测系统,利用电动落锤作震源对断裂带开展了近一个月的连续监测实验. 利用主动震源激发波形的高度可重复性, 用谱比法计算了浅层地下介质衰减参数t*随时间的变化, 并与波速和大气压变化进行了对比分析. 结果显示, 由未固结的沉积层和破碎岩石组成的断裂带地震波衰减强,品质因子为10左右;衰减参数t*与大气压的变化有很好的相关性, 并与波速随大气压的变化趋势一致, 可能是由于大气压变化导致浅层介质的裂隙密度变化引起的;强余震引起显著的t*的同震变化及震后各接收台站的不同变化趋势. 野外实验表明, 主动震源是一种监测地下介质物性变化的有效方法. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(盈江双震)
2014云南盈江区域5月下旬接连发生了M_S5.6和M_S6.1级两个地震(双震),双差定位结果显示这次的盈江双震及其余震序列呈明显的时空聚集分布特征.本文基于波形互相关计算方法,挑选了盈江双震期间研究区内的重复地震事件,利用尾波干涉技术,分析地震序列持续期间地壳介质的物性变化.结果显示,在距离震源区较近的台站发现了盈江地震期间走时延迟的变化特征,随着流逝时间的不同,走时延迟变化复杂不一,这种变化可能源于不同路径上散射体的不同变化.其中,S波早期的尾波部分呈现明显的线性变化,可能是震源区附近地壳介质的波速变化所引起.研究发现,在两个主震之间和第二个主震之后走时延迟变化的特点不同,可能表示因不同地壳应力变化导致的介质性质变化. 相似文献
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2000年1月15日姚安MＳ6.5地震后，云南省地震局在余震区布设的流动数字台网接收到了大量余震序列的数字波形，这为研究姚安地震的性质提供了丰富的资料. 由于剪切波经过上地壳传播时的分裂现象反映了上地壳介质的各向异性，因此在对余震事件进行精确定位的基础上，文中应用互相关系数法计算了余震序列剪切波的分裂参数，并对不同台站和不同区域得到的结果进行了分析讨论. 主要得到以下结论:余震区的平均快波偏振方向受区域应力场控制，与主震最大水平主压应力方向一致；不同台站与不同区域事件的平均快波偏振方向是有差异的，与区域内的构造变化和应力场调整有关；延时大小受多种因素影响，与剪切波传播时经过介质的性质关系密切. 相似文献
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In seismic exploration, it is common practice to separate the P-wavefield from the S-wavefield by the elastic wavefield decomposition technique, for imaging purposes. However, it is sometimes difficult to achieve this, especially when the velocity field is complex. A useful approach in multi-component analysis and modeling is to directly solve the elastic wave equations for the pure P- or S-wavefields, referred as the separate elastic wave equations. In this study, we compare two kinds of such wave equations: the first-order (velocity–stress) and the second-order (displacement–stress) separate elastic wave equations, with the first-order (velocity–stress) and the second-order (displacement–stress) full (or mixed) elastic wave equations using a high-order staggered grid finite-difference method. Comparisons are given of wavefield snapshots, common-source gather seismic sections, and individual synthetic seismogram. The simulation tests show that equivalent results can be obtained, regardless of whether the first-order or second-order separate elastic wave equations are used for obtaining the pure P- or S-wavefield. The stacked pure P- and S-wavefields are equal to the mixed wave fields calculated using the corresponding first-order or second-order full elastic wave equations. These mixed equations are computationally slightly less expensive than solving the separate equations. The attraction of the separate equations is that they achieve separated P- and S-wavefields which can be used to test the efficacy of wave decomposition procedures in multi-component processing. The second-order separate elastic wave equations are a good choice because they offer information on the pure P-wave or S-wave displacements. 相似文献
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Colin M. Sayers 《Geophysical Prospecting》2002,50(1):85-95
Elastic wave velocities in sandstones vary with stress due to the presence of discontinuities such as grain boundaries and microcracks within the rock. In the presence of non-hydrostatic stress fields the elastic wave velocities in sandstones often show significant stress-induced anisotropy. The elastic anisotropy due to any discontinuities within the rock can be written in terms of a second-rank and a fourth-rank tensor which quantify the effect on the elastic wave velocities of the orientation distribution and normal and shear compliances of the discontinuities. This allows elastic wave velocity measurements to be inverted to obtain the components of these tensors. Application of the method to ultrasonic velocity measurements made in a triaxial loading frame shows that a simple theory using only the second-rank tensor allows the P-wave stress-induced anisotropy to be predicted to reasonable accuracy from the S-wave anisotropy and vice versa, thus confirming the correctness of the underlying model. Deviations between the measurements and the predictions of this simplified theory are used to determine the ratio of the normal to shear compliance of the discontinuities. The discontinuities are found to be more compliant in shear than in compression. 相似文献
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目前,完全的3D弹性波数值模拟计算仍然需要庞大的计算资源,而2D弹性波数值模拟,又不能准确地近似3D数值模拟.因此,本文在较高数值精度的一阶应力一速度弹性波动方程的基础上,采用时间错格差分拟谱方法在2D模型介质中计算3D弹性波场,即2.5D数值模拟.并将3D计算结果与2.5D和2D结果进行比较,发现2.5D模拟结果在波场形态和振幅方面比2D模拟结果更接近3D模拟结果,从而证实了2.5D数值模拟比2D数值模拟可以更好地近似3D波场数值模拟,同时证实了时间错格差分拟谱方法是一种高精度、高效率的正演模拟方法. 相似文献
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弹性波层析成像技术简称“弹性波CT扫描”,是在不损坏物体的前提下,利用弹性波射线穿透地层时,其走时及振幅与地层内部的某些物理参数存在线性积分关系的这一关键特征,反演地层内部三维速度结构或衰减特性的方法。本文基于弹性波CT技术,通过孔间岩体慢度反演,综合钻孔编录及工程现场情况,对承德市半壁山危岩体中破裂发育情况进行综合解译,测定岩体破裂发育的位置和规模。实践证明,采用弹性波CT方法探测得到的破裂位置与钻孔揭露的情况吻合,为危岩体的整治提供了依据。 相似文献
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（赵根模，姚兰予，马淑芹）Ｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｆａｕｌｔｉｎｇａｎｄｔｈｅｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｒｉｓｋ￥Ｇｅｎ－ＭｏＺＨＡＯ；Ｌａｎ－ＹｕＹＡＯａｎｄＳｈｕ－ＱｉｎＭＡ（Ｓｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇ... 相似文献
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Seyyed M. Hasheminejad Reza Avazmohammadi 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2007,27(1):29-41
This study investigates the dynamic interaction of time harmonic plane waves with a pair of parallel circular cylindrical cavities of infinite length buried in a boundless porous elastic fluid-saturated medium. The novel features of Biot dynamic theory of poroelasticity along with the appropriate wave field expansions, the pertinent boundary conditions, and the translational addition theorems for cylindrical wave functions are employed to develop a closed-form solution in the form of infinite series. The analytical results are illustrated with numerical examples in which two empty cavities are insonified by a fast compressional or a shear wave at end-on incidence. The basic dynamic field quantities such as the hoop stress amplitude and the radial displacement of the elastic frame are evaluated and discussed for representative values of the parameters characterizing the system. The effects of the proximity of the two cavities, the incident wave frequency and type are examined. Particular attention has been focused on multiple scattering interactions in addition to the slow wave coupling effects which is known to be the primary distinction of the scattering phenomenon in poroelasticity from the classical elastic case. Limiting case involving two empty cylindrical cavities in an elastic solid is considered and excellent agreement with a well-known solution is established. 相似文献
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武定6.5级地震前后环境剪应力场动态变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用陈培善等从断裂力学观点研究地震破裂过程,提出的由地震波和地震基本参数等资料估算地震震源处剪切应力强度值的方法,对发生在武定震区及其附近的中小地震测算了剪切应力值,据此对武定６．５级地震前后环境剪应力场动态变化作了追踪分析。结果表明,武定地震发生在环境剪应力场具有高值分布背景的地区。强震孕育经历了环境应力场由低－高－低－高的多次起伏变化,反复增强的过程。震后环境剪应力场逐渐减弱,最终回复到正常状 相似文献
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF ULTRASONIC CODA WAVE AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING ROCK LOADING AND DEFORMATION 
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下载免费PDF全文 YANG Hai-ming CHEN Shun-yun LIU Pei-xun GUO Yan-shuang ZHUO Yan-qun QI Wen-bo 《地震地质》1979,42(3):715-731
The coda wave propagation path has received extensive attention as it is more sensitive to small changes in the medium than the direct wave. During the process of loading, the wave velocity, medium or source changes may cause the coda wave to change. The physical mechanism of change in the ultrasonic coda wave varies during different deformation stages. Meanwhile, there exist local damages in the rock sample during the deformation, and it will be accompanied by acoustic emission. Combining the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission is beneficial to characterize the coda wave characteristics and damage degree of the sample at different deformation stages. In this paper, three kinds of rocks, including granodiorite, marble and sandstone with the sizes of 50mm×50mm×150mm, are used to carry out observations of ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission during the whole process of loading so as to study characteristics of the coda wave at different deformation stages. The major results are given below: 1)There is a good correspondence between the coda wave variation and the acoustic emission evolution process. When the acoustic emission frequency increases, the coda wave changes accordingly. In particular, the coda wave changes in the early stages of increased acoustic emission frequency, which indicates that the early damage information of rock can be obtained by analysis of the coda wave. 2)The physical mechanism of the coda wave change is different in different deformation stages. At the initial stage of loading, there are obvious scatterer changes in the coda wave change; then, in the linear elastic deformation stage, the wave velocity change is dominating; in the late-stage of loading, the scatterer change increases and coexists with the wave velocity change, the scatterer change effect is related with the rock micro-fracture degree, the rock will locally be damaged before rupturing, and the role of the scatterer will be enhanced. 3)With the increase of loading, the amplitude of increase of the wave velocity generally decreases gradually, which is basically consistent with the understanding obtained through the direct wave. The interference of acoustic emission can be eliminated because of the Kaiser effect when analyzing the coda wave. The consistency of the wave velocity change and stress loading and unloading is further verified. 4)The micro-fracture generated during rock deformation will change the physical mechanism of the coda wave change, and the scatterer effect will be significantly enhanced. At the same time, the acoustic emission waveform will cause interference to the ultrasonic coda wave. This means that attention needs to be paid when analyzing rock damage using only coda wave data. In short, the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission can reflect the damage inside the rock, and the change mechanism of the coda wave in different deformation stages is different. The joint observation of the two can play a mutual verification role, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the observation results. 相似文献
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Reflection and refraction of plane wave through an interface between fluid and rock with elastic deformations on the basis of the acoustoelastic theory are considered. The effects of stress on the anisotropy and energy reflection and transmission coefficients are investigated. The incident wave plane can coincide with or deviate from planes of material symmetry. Elastic deformations are assumed to be locally homogeneous and to satisfy static boundary conditions. Numerical computations are carried out and comparisons are made with the results predicted in the presence and absence of initial stress. The changes in phase velocity, group velocity, and energy reflection and refraction coefficients due to the presence of stress are displayed graphically and discussed. The results show that the effect of stress depends on its magnitude, direction and form (uniaxial and biaxial). 相似文献