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基于汶川地震序列震源机制解对龙门山地区构造变形模式的初步探讨 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
本文采用理论震源机制解的分析方法,以汶川地震序列震源机制解为约束,探讨龙门山地区构造变形模式及其与汶川地震序列的关系.通过有限元模拟,计算了龙门山地区不同构造变形模式下的构造应力场,得到了理论震源机制解,并与汶川地震序列实际震源机制解进行对比分析,初步探讨了该区构造变形模式对汶川地震序列的影响.结果显示,在龙门山地区,青藏高原内深部构造变形快于地表的构造变形模式下,区域构造应力场对应的理论震源机制解与汶川地震序列震源机制解的相符程度较高.这种一致性可能表明:(1)青藏高原内部深部构造变形快于地表,是龙门山地区比较合理的构造模式;(2)构造应力场是影响汶川地震序列震源机制的重要力学因素. 相似文献
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2017年8月8日21时19分在四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州九寨沟县发生M7.0地震,对该区域造成一定的人员伤亡和财产损失。该地震发生后,多家地学研究机构和研究人员用不同的资料和方法产出了该地震震源机制解。本研究通过收集他们使用的不同资料和方法得出同一地震的多个震源机制解,找出两个震源机制解空间旋转角差别的表达方法,用Levenberg─Marquadt算法使非线性问题转化成线性问题进行迭代求解,求出了该地震的中心震源机制解。 相似文献
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震源机制解是地震学研究的重要组成部分, 它从一定程度上描述了震源的性质及其破裂过程, 对其正确、 全面地认识可深化理解地震的孕育、 发生和演化。 而地震波形自动反演系统的建立, 不仅实现了利用地震波形信息进行震源机制解的自动反演, 更重要的是加快了反演的速度, 充分体现了提取震源信息的实效性, 从而有力地帮助震情分析、 余震趋势预测、 震后救援等工作的展开。 本文系统地阐述了震源机制解反演方法, 总结了自动反演系统构建思路以及波形自动反演系统的实现, 为国内构建自动反演系统提供了可鉴的技术思路。 相似文献
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体波谱振幅相关系数法在肥东地震序列震后判定中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
地震直达体波记录的观测谱包含震源、传播路径和台站信息,而发生在同一震源区的不同地震,如:序列地震,在同一地震台站的记录,受传播路径影响基本相同,地震台站的场地响应、仪器响应也完全相同。因此,序列地震体波观测零频谱的相关系数直接反映震源辐射图型因子的相似性,即震源机制解的相似性。将该方法用于2009年安徽肥东地震序列,与传统方法计算的震源机制解作比较,结果显示,谱振幅相关系数法能反映序列地震震源机制解的变化过程。 相似文献
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2016年1月21日,青海省门源县发生Ms6.4级地震。不同机构、学者依据不同方法和资料计算得到该地震的震源机制解,由于采用的方法和选择的资料不同,所求解的震源机制解存在着一定的差别。为了在多个震源机制解中确定一个震源机制解进行后续分析,采用最小空间旋转角表达了2个震源机制的差别,将待定震源机制与所有震源机制的最小空间旋转角的平方和作为目标函数,并且采用Levenberg-Marquardt方法求解,使其与所有收集的震源机制解的差别的平方最小,这些震源机制结果就是多个震源机制解的中心解,同时给出标准差,选取标准差最小的中心解作为最终结果。根据这种方法,已知多个该地震的震源机制中确定中心解,从而对其他诸如应力触发、地球动力学分析等提供后续分析。 相似文献
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文中给出了根据地震释放的总地震矩求解平均应力场的方法,并使用加入随机误差的人工合成震源机制解数据和唐山余震区震源机制解数据对其进行检验。由检验结果可知,该方法可以应用于区域平均应力场的求解。使用的震源机制解资料越多,所得结果越稳定,且更接近真实的区域应力场。该方法的优点是: 用每个地震的震级作为权重,能够较好地反映出大小地震在应力场反演中的不同贡献; 并且在计算过程中不需要知道震源机制解2个节面中哪个节面为地震断层面。 相似文献
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用震源机制解确定东北地区地壳应力场 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用中、强震震源机制资料和区域小震平均解给出了中国东北地区地壳应力场的分布。由多个震源机制的平均结果得到,东北南部地区(42°30’以南)主压应力方向为NE70°。东北中部地区(吉林省和黑龙江省东南部)主压应力方向近似NE100°,它与深源地震震源机制解P轴一致,可能该区应力场分布受深源地震影响,东北北部地区(黑龙江省和内蒙北部)主压应力方向为NE58°。东北地区浅源地震震源机制解P轴仰角大多数小于30°,表明该区以水平应力为主。由震源机制结果也讨论了中国东北地区地震断层活动状况。 相似文献
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为检验震源机制解谱聚类方法的实用性,选择新丰江库区为研究区域,利用FOCMEC方法反演了该区域2012年1月1日—2018年12月31日ML2.0以上地震的震源机制解,并对其进行了谱聚类分析,最终获得该区域7种震源机制解类型; 通过分析每种类型的震源机制解特征及其时空分布特征,探讨了震源机制解类型分布与区域构造的关系。结果表明:①新丰江库区地震破裂类型以正断型为主,兼有部分倾滑分量,其次为走滑型; ②不同类型的震源机制解具有区域性的空间分布特征,主要受不同的构造背景影响,反映了新丰江库区地震活动和构造特征之间的关系; ③不同类型震源机制解所描述的断裂分布反映了峡谷及大坝区库水渗透的构造条件,解释了区域地震频发的可能原因; ④每种类型的震源机制解在研究时间范围内数量变化较为稳定。 相似文献
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Carla Bottari 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(4):761-765
Many ancient structures such as temples were constructed on the basis of a very strict plan and excellent workmanship. For this reason, even their slight deformation due to various effects (ground instability, earthquake oscillations, etc.) can be identified, and it is possible to discriminate between different types of deformation due to earthquakes and those due to other natural causes or to anthropogenic effects. Two study cases are presented here: the Propylaia on the Acropolis and the temple of Hephaistos (Hephaisteion) in the Agora at Athens. In both buildings deformation was produced by earthquakes. 相似文献
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地下衬砌洞室对Rayleigh波的放大作用 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
本文利用波函数展开法,给出了半空间中圆形衬砌洞室引起的Rayle igh波散射问题的一个级数解,并通过对求解技术的改进,获得了高频解答。论文通过入射波长、洞室直径、衬砌刚度和埋置深度等参数分析,研究了地下洞室对Rayle igh波的放大作用。数值结果表明,地下洞室情况下地表位移幅值可以达到无洞室情况的2.6倍以上;多数情况下,柔性衬砌洞室情况地表位移幅值最大,无衬砌洞室情况次之,刚性衬砌情况最小。 相似文献
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测井曲线是了解井下地质情况(如岩性、油气层位置等)必不可少的测井资料.利用测井曲线划分地层是测井分析的首要步骤,其自动划分地层方法的研究具有重大意义.如何在分层结果中合理地剔除假地层是现今许多自动分层方法均要面对的问题.单纯的阈值设置并不能妥善处理.就此问题,本文在小波变换分层法中,提出了用形态学滤波弱化阻碍分层的因素,削弱出现假地层的可能,使得分层结果更加分明.首先将测井曲线进行形态学滤波,抹除影响分层的小直径波峰波谷,再通过小波变换模极大值法找出拟地层界面,最后综合不同的测井曲线分层结果确定最终分层结果.实验结果表明,该方法能有效减少假地层划分,使得最后的分层结果更接近真实的地层界面. 相似文献
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Many of the continuous watershed models perform all their computations on a daily time step, yet they are often calibrated at an annual or monthly time-scale that may not guarantee good simulation performance on a daily time step. The major objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the calibration time-scale on model predictive ability. This study considered the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for the analyses, and it has been calibrated at two time-scales, viz. monthly and daily for the War Eagle Creek watershed in the USA. The results demonstrate that the model's performance at the smaller time-scale (such as daily) cannot be ensured by calibrating them at a larger time-scale (such as monthly). It is observed that, even though the calibrated model possesses satisfactory ‘goodness of fit’ statistics, the simulation residuals failed to confirm the assumption of their homoscedasticity and independence. The results imply that evaluation of models should be conducted considering their behavior in various aspects of simulation, such as predictive uncertainty, hydrograph characteristics, ability to preserve statistical properties of the historic flow series, etc. The study enlightens the scope for improving/developing effective autocalibration procedures at the daily time step for watershed models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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John J. Marra Uday S. Kari Stuart A. Weinstein 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(11-12):2265-2273
Currently information used to describe sea-level stations (such as location, collection and transmission capabilities, operator identification, etc.) is distributed among databases held by multiple agencies, institutions and organizations. Such information could be used to support detection and warning. However, the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 26 December, 2004 made it clear that such information is not readily accessible, is difficult to use, and is often incomplete. In addressing this issue, agencies within the Pacific region are collaborating to develop a web service to expose station metadata enabling various types of real-time data mining client applications that support decision-making and strategic planning at Tsunami Warning Centers. Because information about sea levels has a broad range of applications, integration of this information in a way that is comprehensive, and enhances its access and use, would have a tremendous impact on lives and livelihoods. 相似文献
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我国地质条件复杂、多样,能否充分发挥出非地震勘探技术成本低、效率高的技术优势,检验电法勘探技术在页岩气勘探中的有效性,是当前在页岩气勘探起步阶段亟待解决的重要问题之一.本文介绍了在研究和总结含气页岩密度、极化率、电阻率等岩石物理特征基础上,在四川盆地南部筠连地区开展的物性调查、时频电磁法勘探试验工作.勘探研究结果表明,本地区分布的富有机质页岩层系-志留系龙马溪组(S1l)具备开展电法勘探工作的物性条件,时频电磁法具有勘探富有机质页岩层系的能力. 相似文献
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IntroductionSeismograms contain seismic wave data recorded by instruments. They are the main information source for seismological studies. Now we are developing seismological stations with digital records, which can offer seismic wave data with better quality than before. But the paper analog seismograms accumulated in the past decades still have great room for application. They are important original data for studying earthquakes. Lots of valuable information are contained in them. Due to a… 相似文献
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Runoff on impervious surfaces (roads, roofs, etc.) raises a number of environmental and road safety‐related problems. The primary objective of this research effort is to improve our knowledge of the hydrological behaviour of impervious urban surfaces in order to better assess runoff on these surfaces and its subsequent consequences. This article will focus on two street stretches studied over a 38‐month period. Measurements of rainfall and runoff discharge on these stretches have made it possible to estimate runoff losses as well as to constitute a database for modelling purposes. On the basis of these data, two models have been used, one simple the other more detailed and physically based. For both models, runoff discharges at a 3‐min time step are well reproduced, although runoff coefficients and runoff losses are still poorly estimated. Detailed analyses of experimental data and model output, however, indicate that runoff losses could be quite high on such ‘impervious surfaces’ (between 30 and 40% of total rainfall, depending on the street stretch) and that these losses are mainly because of evaporation and infiltration inside the road structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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湖泊蒸发是连接湖泊水分循环与能量平衡的关键纽带之一,认识湖泊蒸发过程对于理解湖-气间相互作用机制十分重要。然而,由于湖泊的形态结构、地理位置和气候背景不同,各湖泊在不同时间尺度上的蒸发特征不同。湖泊蒸发存在复杂的物理驱动过程、时间尺度相关的反馈以及空间异质性。准确地捕捉并量化湖泊蒸发过程,仍是湖沼学、水文学和气象学等学科的重要研究内容。本文首先介绍了湖泊蒸发的主要观测手段,然后概述了湖泊蒸发在日内、季节、年际、年代际四种不同时间尺度的变化特征;梳理了不同时间尺度各要素对湖泊蒸发的影响,以及湖泊蒸发与湖泊面积和深度等形态结构特性及纬度和海拔等地理因素之间的关系;对自涡度相关技术等高精度仪器应用以来的湖泊蒸发研究进展做出了总结。 相似文献
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A. A. Ginzburg A. B. Manukyan O. K. Mironov A. V. Novikova V. S. Yushchenko 《Water Resources》2011,38(7):944-952
The results of analysis of oscillations of an offshore oil and gas production platform, caused by seismic and other impacts
(ice-field motion, storm wave impact, ship impact on platform supports, mechanism operations, etc.) are given. The analysis
has been based on mathematical modeling of various impacts. Specific features of the inducement of platform mechanical oscillations
as a function of the type of impact have been revealed, and the qualitative distinctions of platform oscillations under different
impacts are described, allowing one to determine accelerometer-mounting sites for revealing seismic events by changes in acceleration
on the platform. 相似文献