共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 326 毫秒
1.
一种块迭代的快速代数重建算法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
常用的计算机层析成像的重建算法可分为:变换重建法、代数重建法和其它算法几大类.变换重建算法中最为常用的为"卷积反投影”算法,该算法重建速度较快,重建效果较好.但该算法也存在一些不足,它通常要求完全的、等间隔的平行采样数据.在天文、物探、地震成像等领域采样数据通常是不完全的和非等间隔的.代数重建算法简单,适用于不同格式的采样数据,对不完全数据亦可重建图像.还可以结合一些先验知识进行求解.可应用于工业检测、物探成像、天文成像等领域.其缺点主要是计算量大,收敛速度慢,难以重建大的图像. 计算机层析成像的重建问题,可离散化为线性方程组AF=P的求解问题,其中P是被采集的投影数据向量,A是投影系数矩阵,F是图像基函数.假设有M个投影数据,且重建的图像有N×N像素,则A为M行、N×N列矩阵.即使重建较小的图像,系数矩阵也是很大的,需要M×N×N个浮点数.A为大型稀疏矩阵,其非零元的个数约为2×M×N个浮点数.因此,想用代数重建算法重建中等或大的图像,必须寻找一种快速的投影系数矩阵实时计算方法. 其次,代数重建算法中迭代的收敛速度也是要解决的主要难点.初值的选取对收敛速度影响是很大的.如果选取的初值与原物体的密度分布较接近,迭代就容易满足收敛条件.传统的代数重建算法中,初值常选为零和某种平均值.在每次循环中都对N×N个图像值,进行逐线或逐点迭代修正.因此,需要大量计算时间,且收敛速度甚慢. 本文提出一种基于分块迭代的快速代数重建算法,其基本思想是采用对图像逐级分块,通过迭代使图像逐步细化,最终逼近于重建的图像.算法的实现过程如下:1.将重建图像按不同级别分块;2.根据块的大小,抽取投影数据,实时计算投影系数矩阵的非零元;3.对给定级图像块赋值,根据投影系数矩阵的非零元和阀值确定对哪些图像块的值进行修正:4.对给定级的图像块经一次循环迭代修正后,判断前后两次的图像是否满足该级迭代结束条件,满足时进入下一级块的迭代;最后一级块迭代满足条件后,块迭代结束.在每一级块迭代过程中,我们设计了求解系数矩阵非零元的快速计算方法,使得所需的系数矩阵的非零元可实时计算,而不必存贮. 利用X射线工业CT实采数据,我们对块迭代代数重建算法的测试结果表明:该方法重建速度快,重建图像精度高、伪影轻,并有较高的密度分辨率和空间分辨率. 相似文献
2.
3.
由投影重建图像的对称网格迭代算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对于工业CT检测中常用的代数迭代重建算法提出了改进,利用投影射线之间存在的几何对称结构,提出了图像重建的对称网格迭代算法(简写为SM-IRT).该算法简化了投影系数矩阵的计算,调整了迭代算法逐线校正的迭代顺序.对模拟数据和工业CT实测数据进行了重建图像的数值实验,结果表明:与常规算法比较,本文提出的新算法重建速度快,成像精度高. 相似文献
4.
有限角度CT图像重建算法综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文主要介绍了处理有限角度CT图像重建的思路和方法。有限角度CT图像重建属于不完全数据重建范畴,由于不满足数据完备性条件,因此不能精确重建。其处理方法大致可以分为两类:基于变换的迭代-解析重建算法和基于级数展开的迭代-代数/统计重建算法。同时,有限角度重建等价于病态矩阵求逆问题,适当的约束条件、先验知识以及正则化因子对提高重建图像质量非常重要。 相似文献
5.
在用计算机断层成像方法由EUV观测图像重建等离子体层全球密度分布时,地球的遮挡和有限角度都会导致投影数据不完备,从而无法精确重建出等离子体层的密度分布.本文针对该问题,提出一种基于图像总变差极小化的代数迭代算法.通过重建等离子体层投影数据缺失最为严重的中心子午面,证明该算法能够显著提高重建图像的质量. 并且在IMAGE卫星仅能达到90°的有限投影角度下,此算法重建图像的相关系数可达0.760,而代数迭代算法的相关系数仅为0.696. 相似文献
6.
CT重建算法中,投影矩阵反映探测器上的投影与重建物体的关系,其模型刻画对于重建速度和精度有着重要影响。本文介绍目前投影矩阵研究现状,着重分析投影矩阵系数的计算方法,以及快速计算正投影和反投影的方法,并总结了目前投影矩阵模型的性能和发展。 相似文献
7.
多视角投影重建算法综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文主要论述了多视角投影重建的主要方法和思路.多视角问题是不完全投影数据重建的一个特例,也就是投影角度数远小于正常投影角度数的重建问题,比如正常投影数的十分之一或者二十分之一,所以也被称作稀松投影或者少量投影重建问题.由于问题的相似性,一些多视角投影重建的方法和思路来源于有限角度投影重建问题.多视角投影重建断层图像的算法主要有两种思路:一是基于投影数据恢复的方法,如通过插值、空间变换迭代等方法补全投影数据,另一种是通过在迭代过程对重建的图像加以限制,如先验条件、TV约束等. 相似文献
8.
扇束图像重建中OSEM算法及子集划分的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
目的：将一种快速迭代图像重建方法OSEM用于仿真Phantom模型的扇束投影数据的重建中,验证其重建参数的有效取值范围,分析比较不同子集选取对扇束OSEM重建的图像质量以及收敛速度的影响。方法：本研究采用事先计算特定几何扇束扫描的概率矩阵和最大间距划分投影子集的方法,选取图像大小为128*128。通过对模拟的Phantom扇束投影数据的重建,结果：OSEM重建效果好于传统滤波反投影(FBP)重建的结果,尤其是在有噪声情况下,在一定范围内重建质量与迭代次数和子集划分个数成正比,而计算时间仅仅与迭代次数正比。结论：恰当地选取子集个数,扇束OSEM重建可用较少迭代次数和较短的计算时间获取好的重建图像。 相似文献
9.
针对有限角度扫描的CT重建,提出一种基于模型融合的CT迭代重建方法。模型来源于患者的早期Dicom图像。对扫描角度有限的投影数据,用统计迭代算法进行初步重建,得到预重建图像;将预重建图像与模型进行融合,得到融合图像;然后再次投影,补全原始投影缺失的部分,根据补全的投影数据重建出中间结果,之后重复投影、融合、重建过程直到满足终止条件。仿真实验表明,该算法能完整重建整个目标,在有效保留原目标特征的同时提高了小角度投影数据重建的质量。 相似文献
10.
在工业CT的检测过程中,由于各种原因可能造成投影数据的不完备.在这种情况下,直接利用传统的解析重建方法(FBP)或者统计重建方法(EM)都不能给出理想的重建结果,从切向CT扫描方式获得的就是典型的不完备投影数据.本文利用迭代算法来改善重建图像的质量,首先通过已有的投影数据合理估计缺失的投影数据,并通过不断的迭代来改善这种估计,从而使得重建图像不断逼近真实物体. 相似文献
11.
12.
The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
13.
14.
As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
3
Poise 相似文献
15.
Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
16.
地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
17.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
18.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
19.
V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
20.
Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献