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利用国家测震台网数据备份中心提供的2009年1月至2015年11月的地震波形数据,选取震级范围为ML1.8~6.7,震中距小于800km的1 820个地震事件的16 156条Pg波到时数据,对鄂尔多斯西南缘P波三维Q值分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:鄂尔多斯西南缘一系列呈"L"型分布的断裂带上,Q值呈现出比较低的水平;而其两侧地区,Q值相对较高,且分布存在较大差异。研究区内呈现低Q值状态的海原地区和天水—礼县地区存在明显的低阻—低速层,而高Q值的渭源—定西—通渭—西吉地区则在地壳内缺失低阻层。另外,存在明显高热流的渭河盆地和天水—礼县地区,Q值都明显偏低,而其周围地区则Q值较高。沿临潼—长安—富城—蒲城断裂走向,有一条比较显著的垂直形变梯度带和重力变化等值线,水平形变沿此断裂方向呈现条带状变化特征,而该区低Q值的状态反映了Q值分布与地壳大面积的垂直、水平形变及重力变化等存在一定联系。 相似文献
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宁河—昌黎断裂长约170 km，为燕山隆起、山海关隆起与黄骅拗陷的分界断裂，断裂西南起自宁河，向东北经南套南、大夫庄南、杨家坨，过昌黎转向东入海，断裂走向NE50°~70°，倾向SE，为上陡下缓的铲形正断层，该断裂为一条地壳基底深断裂，控制了南侧黄骅坳陷北段中、新生代沉积。河北省工程地震勘察研究院于2007年、2014年先后在昌黎、滦南、唐海、丰南布设了4条浅层地震勘探测线对宁河—昌黎断裂进行了探测，浅层地震勘探应用美国GEOMETRICS公司STRATAVISOR NX96高分辨数字地震勘探系统，采用70 kg冲击震源，单边激发多次覆盖观测系统，覆盖次数12次。应用Vista地震处理软件系统，通过对数据进行真振幅恢复、地表一致性振幅补偿等处理方法，获得高质量的地震勘探时间剖面。为获得断裂活动时代的重要信息，通过浅层地震勘探处理过程中的中间数据获得地震剖面时—深转换速度参数，从而获得地震勘探深度剖面，结合测线附近地层层序资料，与地震勘探深度剖面进行对比分析，从而获得断裂的上断点埋深和最新活动时代认识。浅层地震勘探剖面揭示，宁河—昌黎断裂浅部由一条主断层和一条次级断层组成；断层上断点埋深40~110 m，断裂活动时代具有分段活动特征，断裂北段活动时代为晚更新世早期，南段为晚更新世中期；断裂走向为北东的段落，为正断层，走向为北西的段落，以走滑运动为主。 相似文献
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香河—皇庄断裂位于华北盆地北缘,是京津唐地区一条重要的NE向断裂构造。浅层人工地震反射剖面探测发现,香河—皇庄断裂在廊坊市香河县西马家窝地区表现为一条NE－SW走向的NW倾正断层,剖面上呈铲状,上部略陡,向下逐渐变缓;其对大厂凹陷东缘没有明显的控制作用,为一条新近纪以来形成的断裂,切穿了前中生界基底,且第四纪以来仍有活动。通过部署于断层两侧的构造观察孔岩芯对比及测年数据判断,(6.69±5.6) ka以来香河—皇庄断裂无活动,其上断点很可能位于距地表15～30 m范围内,大致相当于晚更新世早期;在中更新世上部地层中,香河—皇庄断裂存在1.5～1.8 m的垂直落差。香河—皇庄断裂现阶段处于不活动状态,未来发生中强地震的可能性较低。 相似文献
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中国东西剖面的地壳 Q 结构研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用地震面波和体波的资料推断了一条横跨中国东西部剖面的地壳Q结构,并具体分析了中国大陆地台、山前皱褶带、高原和内陆盆地等几个典型构造单元内介质速度与吸收的特点。指出该剖面地壳的Q结构在深度上基本可以划分成上中下三层,其Q_β值分别为(100—300)、(200—550)和(30—190),它可能反映着地壳由弱固结层到低温低压的脆性层和高温高压的韧性层的变化,在横向构造上,以南北构造带为界分成东西两大部分。青藏高原的Q结构具有一定的特殊性。该东西剖面内中下层地壳Q值系统性偏低,这可能是中国地壳的一个普遍现象,在一定程度上反映着上地慢热活动的直接影响。该区震源深度的分布同地壳Q结构表现有良好的相关性,在东部地区绝大多数的构造地震发生在Q值较大的地壳中部层位内。作者由此推断,地壳中大多数的断层是自地表延续到中地壳附近,并认为温度较低、岩石较硬和岩体内有一定的断裂切割是地震易于发生的深部条件。 相似文献
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《地震》2017,(3)
地震重新定位为地震活动和活动构造等研究提供了相对精确的地震参数。本文采用双差地震定位法对京津冀及周边地区2007年12月~2016年3月底的地震进行重新定位,并结合区内的活动断裂资料,探讨重定位后地震的空间分布特征、震源深度分布特征及其与已知活动断裂的关系,并根据重定位后地震空间线性条带的走向揭示隐伏断裂。研究结果表明,重定位后,地震主要集中在唐山、邢台、张渤带西段和文安地区,震中在空间上的分布比由常规地震确定的初始震中更为集中,沿断裂走向更加收敛;震源深度分布更加合理,主要集中在1~20km的中上地壳层;定位结果显示唐山断裂、卢龙断裂为北西倾高角断层,新河断裂为北西向低倾角断层,张北震区、延矾盆地和怀涿盆地断裂、黄庄—高丽营断裂、夏垫断裂等地区的地震活动剖面呈近直立分布;另外,根据重定位后地震的线性分布还刻划出唐山断裂北段的南侧、文安北部两条近NNE方向的隐伏断裂。本文的研究结果对京津冀地区的地震活动、断层构造以及地震孕育发生环境具有重要意义。 相似文献
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赣江断裂带是江西省境内一条重要的区域性大断裂。断裂涉及九江、南昌和吉安等江西重要经济区,因此充分研究该断裂活动性对认识断裂沿线分布的历史地震的发震构造及规划断裂沿线城市的经济建设有科学意义。大致以丰城为界,赣江断裂北段(丰城—湖口段)和南段(吉水—丰城段)走向有明显的变化,北段走向NNE,南段走向NE,断层南北两段地震活动性略有不同,北段沿线记录地震多于南段。针对断层隐伏区采用了浅层地震勘探法和跨断层综合地质剖面法相结合的研究方法、对断层出露区采用断层剖面出露点观察调查法。综合研究结果表明:赣江断裂南、北两段的最新活动性时代一致,均为中更新世。 相似文献
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根据35个数字地震台站记录的云南地区1999 ~2007年6429个近震的波形资料,采用遗传算法对S波位移谱的高频衰减进行拟合,得到19009条衰减算子t*数据.根据这些衰减算子t*数据,反演得到云南地区地壳Q值分布.结果表明,云南地区的地壳Q值分布存在显著的横向不均匀性,即红河断裂北侧地壳Q值整体偏低,而红河断裂南侧地壳Q值整体较高.云南地区1900年以来6级以上强震基本上位于低Q值区域,这可能由于强烈构造活动导致地壳产生大量裂隙,且裂隙中充满流体,从而表现为低Q值;但呈北西向的龙陵—澜沧—耿马—孟连一带的强震却位于高Q值区,这可能与该地区正发育一条新的构造带有关.此外,云南地区的高大地热流点(>80 mW/m2)基本上位于低Q值区域,热流值与衰减值成负对应关系. 相似文献
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《地震研究》2020,(4)
利用1991—2015年GPS数据,研究南北地震带北段现今地壳水平速度场特征,根据区域地壳主应变率、面膨胀率及最大剪应变率的空间变化以及小震分布特征,对研究区主要断层的活动性及地震危险性进行综合分析。结果表明:①区域主应变率和最大剪应变高值区分布在海原断裂弧形构造带附近,香山—天景山断裂和六盘山断裂中南段应变率较低,结合历史地震及离逝时间,认为其可能处于孕震晚期;②海原断裂现今左旋走滑速率为(4±0.5)mm/a,香山—天景山断裂、烟筒山断裂和牛首山断裂活动性较弱,总体显示为逆冲兼走滑的性质;③震源深度剖面显示老虎山断裂、海原断裂南东段小震分布较密集而均匀,海原断裂北西段小震较少,香山—天景山东南段存在一个小震稀疏段,断层可能已经闭锁,未来应重点关注。 相似文献
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The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
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Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Ivanka Jakubcová Věra Marvanová Miloš Pick Antonín Novotný Reviewer Z. Šimon 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):193-196
Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well. 相似文献
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Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM. 相似文献