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1.
《国际地震动态》2020,(4)
鄂尔多斯地块及其周缘地区的地震动力学和强震危险性研究,是检验和发展活动地块理论的理想场所。近年来,伴随青藏高原动力学研究视角的不断扩大,逐渐成为国内外新的地学研究热点。项目以"丝绸之路"经济带东端、我国重点强震危险区之一的鄂尔多斯活动地块为研究对象,构建活动地块及边界带三维深浅结构和构造变形模式,建立适用于板块内部的强震孕育动力学模型,完善大陆强震孕育和发生的活动地块理论,研发具有物理意义的时间相关强震预测理论模型,提出地震危险性理论预测技术规程。我国科学家20世纪末提出的大陆强震受控于活动地块的理论,为中国大陆强震危险地点预测提供了重要理论指导,但是如何将该理论更好地应用于实际的强震危险性预测研究中,还需要进一步深入研究活动地块运动和变形如何控制边界带强震的孕育和发生过程。选择鄂尔多斯活动块为研究的目标区,重点开展以下几个方面的研究内容:地块边界带断裂活动习性与强震复发行为;地块及周缘现今三维地壳运动与应变分配;地块及边界带深部结构与深-浅构造耦合;活动地块理论完善与边界带强震危险性研究。项目执行两年来,在几个方面均取得了进展和初步成果,建立了主要边界带断裂强震复发行为模式,获得了地块及周缘不同类型现今三维地壳运动状态,建立了关键区域地块边界带深-浅构造耦合构造模型,开展了边界带强震危险性研究。 相似文献
2.
中国大陆的活动断裂、地震灾害及其动力过程 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
中国是一个地震灾害严重的国家,强震主要发生在天山、青藏高原和华北地区,其他地区的7级以上破坏性强震相对较弱．天山的强震主要发生在山体两侧的前陆逆冲推覆带上,山体内部也发生构造变形并控制着一系列中强地震的发生．华北西部鄂尔多斯内部构造活动性微弱,周边的地震活动却十分强烈．华北平原的强震主要发生在平原内部的北北东走向隐伏断裂上,特别是这些北北东走向隐伏断裂与燕山南缘张家口-渤海断裂带的交汇部位是巨大地震的发生场所．青藏高原的活动断裂和强震发生均与海拔高度相关：逆冲断裂和逆冲型强震主要发生在高原周边的低海拔区,高海拔的高原内部则以拉张性质的南北向正断裂和共轭走滑断裂为主,走滑断裂发育在高原的不同海拔不同部位,但北部是左旋走滑运动,南部是右旋走滑运动．中国大陆的强震总体上具有分布广泛、西强东弱、动静交替和分块成带的特征,形成这种地震活动图像的原因是中国大陆的强震受控于活动地块的运动和变形．活动地块是被形成于晚新生代、至今强烈活动的构造带所分割和围限的地质单元,其内部相对稳定,具有相对统一的运动方式,主要构造变形和强震都发生在边界带上,有历史记载以来的全部8级强震和80％以上的7级以上强震都发生在活动地块边界带上．在板块挤压、板内地幔对流等动力作用下,大陆活动地块发生相对运动和变形,上地壳的刚性地块运动和非刚性连续变形都是深部黏塑性流动的地表响应,中国大陆的现今构造变形可以用耦合的地块运动和连续变形模式来描述,活动地块的运动和变形是“陆内变形”的重要方式之一． 相似文献
3.
以中国大陆西北地区地震层析成像的结果为基础，通过分析大陆块体内部岩石层和软流层的深部形态，提出西部造山带与相邻块体之间几种可能的碰撞类型：天山与塔里木之间存在地块的嵌入拼合、俯冲、岩石层拆离下沉以及层间插入等多种构造样式；青藏高原与北部地质单元之间存在十分清晰的深部边界，反映出上地幔物质向北扩展的痕迹；推测青藏高原的岩石层在向北运动的过程中由于受到塔里木刚性块体的阻滞发生弯曲甚至折断，但是祁连山以北较浅的软流层相当于一个开放边界，使高原的上地幔物质得以进一步向北迁移.大陆碰撞不仅造成中国西部造山带岩石层结构的变动，而且导致软流层中一部分熔融的岩浆体沿着碰撞边界上涌到岩石层底部，它们对青藏高原以及西部造山带的形成演化起到重要的作用. 相似文献
4.
地震构造图是综合反映特定地区地震构造环境和地震活动水平的基础性图件,鄂尔多斯活动地块及边界带1∶50万地震构造图是国家重点研发计划“鄂尔多斯活动地块边界带动力学模型与强震危险性研究”项目的一个专题成果。该图以鄂尔多斯活动地块及边界带为编图范围,参照地震行业有关地震构造图编制标准和数据库标准,在系统收集和整理区域地理信息、地质、活动构造、地震、地球物理等资料的基础上,开展高分辨卫星影像解译,吸收项目最新研究成果,建设了编图所需的基础数据库;通过资料矢量化、地层界线修改、断层修改、图面修饰、图件复核等环节,编制成鄂尔多斯活动地块及边界带1∶50万地震构造图。该图反映了由银川盆地—贺兰山、弧形构造束、渭河盆地、山西地堑系、河套盆地等活动构造单元组成的鄂尔多斯活动地块边界带,以及相邻地块有关地震构造的最新资料,完善了鄂尔多斯地块及边界带活动构造几何学和运动学图像,建成了区域地震构造基础数据库。 相似文献
5.
本文在前人对中国大陆及周边活动地块研究和划分的基础上，系统研究了6个Ⅰ级活动地块区和22个Ⅱ级活动地块之间共26个活动边界带的构造变形与强震活动，包括强震分布与活动边界带的关系，边界带构造活动速率与地震活动水平及强震复发期等的关系. 给出了边界带强震活动水平与构造活动速率之间的线性关系和强震复发期长短与构造活动速率的反向变化关系. 从而进一步揭示了中国大陆活动地块构造及其块体运动特征，以及块体边界带的构造变形对强震的控制作用. 相似文献
6.
鄂尔多斯地块区内地震活动特征的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文根据历史强震资料、有感历史地震资料以及仪器地震记录,研究了鄂尔多斯地块内部地震活动的时间和空间分布特征,探讨了鄂尔多斯地块周缘地震带地震活动与地块区内地震活动的关系。研究表明,鄂尔多斯地块区内曾有多次MS≥5.0破坏性地震发生,为典型的中强地震活动区;地块区地震活动具有时空不均匀性,时间分布呈现出明显的分期特征,空间分布东南强西北弱;地块内部MS≥5.0中强地震活动与其周缘地震强震活动关系密切且主要受其东缘和南缘汾渭地震带MS≥6.0地震活动的控制。 相似文献
7.
鄂尔多斯地块运动的整体性与不同方向边界活动的交替性 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
基于鄂尔多斯地块周边的GPS资料,我们发现地块南北边界的左旋错动速率比东西边界的右旋错动速率大2～3倍,而基于地质资料和几十年来的测量资料,大多数研究者强调鄂尔多斯地块东西边界的右旋错动和地块的逆时针旋转特征,针对上述矛盾,本文利用地块及其周边地区的地质和地形变测量资料(包括GPS和水准),分析了地块周边的地震活动随时间的变化,认识到鄂尔多斯地块的南北边界与东边界的构造活动存在交替性以及鄂尔多斯地区的构造运动以地块为单元的运动特点。鄂尔多斯地块与周边地块间的相对运动是通过它们之间边界带的变形和相对位移来实现的,近几年来,鄂尔多斯地块的南北边界带处于活动时期,但从长时期来看,鄂尔多斯地块相对阿拉善和阴山地块向东南运动,同时伴随着逆时针方向的旋转。 相似文献
8.
由跨断层形变测量反映的华北地块近期断裂活动特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对华北地块不同构造部位、不同地震活动时段的跨断层测量资料研究表明，华北地块对于NE走向断裂作用为主的构造单元(包括地块和边界带)的强震活跃时段的断层运动速率明显小于强震不活跃时段；对于NW走向断裂作用为主的构造单元，其强震活跃时段的断层运动速率明显大于强震不活跃时段；对于NE、NW走向断裂共同作用的构造单元，断层运动速率变化特征类似于NW走向断裂作用为主的构造单元。结果还表明，华北地块现今强震活动主要受NW走向断裂的控制。 相似文献
9.
中国大陆活动地块变形与地震活动的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在中国大陆及邻区活动地块研究的基础上，利用球面上的非连续变形分析方法(DDA)和近10年来的GPS测量结果，对整个中国大陆及其周边地区各活动地块的运动和变形状况进行了初步研究。研究结果表明，虽然中国大陆东西部各活动地块的运动速率和应变率相差较大，但位于同一个地块区的各个活动地块之间的运动和变形具有一定的协调性。文中还计算了活动地块边界带之间的相对运动，讨论了现今地壳运动和强震活动的关系。发现1988年以来，中国陆区的7级以上地震都发生在GPS测量所给出最大剪切应变率差异大的活动地块的边界带和现今滑动速率大的活动地块的边界断裂上。 相似文献
10.
《地震地质》2020,(2)
鄂尔多斯地块的运动学特征和动力学机制深受地学界关注。文中基于GPS数据和SKS剪切波分裂结果等地球物理资料,分析了鄂尔多斯地块及其周缘现今的壳幔运动学特征。结果表明,鄂尔多斯地块相对于欧亚大陆呈现逆时针旋转,欧拉极位于俄罗斯东南部,欧拉矢量为(50. 942±1. 935)°N,(115. 692±0. 303)°E,(0. 195±0. 006)°/Ma;块体内部变形微弱,GPS速率差异2mm/a,应变率5nano/a,应变时间序列的变化范围为-10～10nano,均在GPS的误差范围之内,表明在现有GPS资料的有效分辨范围内,鄂尔多斯块体内部相对完整,不存在明显的差异运动。块体西缘和东缘活动强烈,形成了2条明显的右旋剪切带,旋转速率为0. 2°～0. 4°/Ma;块体南缘和北缘活动较弱,边界断裂有左旋运动性质,旋转速率约0. 1°/Ma。青藏高原东北缘和鄂尔多斯块体西缘的壳-幔变形完全一致,满足垂直贯通模型,变形由青藏高原东北缘强烈的推挤作用引起;块体南部到秦岭造山带的地震各向异性与绝对板块运动方向一致,表明该区域存在地幔流通道,且已深入到鄂尔多斯块体内部;山西断陷带到太行山的SKS剪切波分裂的快波偏振方向与软流圈地幔流动方向一致,表明该区域受控于太平洋板块的俯冲作用;鄂尔多斯块体内部微弱的SKS各向异性来自于克拉通内部"化石"的各向异性。综合上述资料分析,鄂尔多斯地块相对于其周缘的旋转运动可能主要来自于其周缘构造带在岩石圈和软流圈作用下的主动运动,块体的主动旋转可能比较微弱。 相似文献
11.
PROGRESS IN APPLICATION OF GNSS TO DIVISION OF ACTIVE TECTONIC BLOCKS IN CONTINENTAL CHINA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chinese scientists proposed that large earthquakes that occurred in mainland China are controlled by the movement and deformation of active tectonic blocks. This scientific hypothesis explains zoned phenomenon of seismicity in space. The active tectonic blocks are intense active terranes formed in late Cenozoic and late Quaternary, and the tectonic activity of block boundaries is the intensest. Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)has advantages of high spatio-temporal resolution, broad coverage, and high accuracy, and is utilized to monitor contemporary crustal deformation. High accuracy and resolution of GNSS velocity field within mainland China and vicinities provided by previous studies clearly demonstrate that different active tectonic blocks behave as different patterns of movement and deformation, and block interaction boundaries have intense tectonic deformation. The paper firstly introduces the GPS networks operated by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)since 1999, and GNSS data processing methods, including GAMIT, BERNESE and GIPSY/OASIS, and discusses the advantages of using South China block as a regional reference frame for GNSS velocity field, then proposes three strategies of block division, F-test, quasi-accurate detection(QUAD), and clustering analysis. Furthermore, we introduce rigid and non-rigid block motions. Rigid block motion can be denoted by translation and rotation, while non-rigid block motion can be described by rigid motion and internal strain deformation. Internal strain deformation can be divided into uniform and linear strains. We also review the usage of F-test to distinguish whether the block acts as rigid deformation or not. In addition, combining with recent GNSS velocity results, we elaborate the characteristics of present movement of rigid block, such as the South China, Tarim, Ordos, Alashan, and Northeast China, and that of non-rigid block, such as the Tibetan plateau, Tian Shan, and North China plain. Especially, the Tibetan plateau and Tian Shan seem to deform continuously with significant internal deformation. In order to enrich and perfect the active tectonic block hypothesis, we should carefully design dense GNSS networks in inner blocks and block boundaries, optimize utilizing other space geodesy technologies such as InSAR, and strengthen combining study of geodesy, seismogeology and geophysics. Through systematic summary, this paper is very useful to employing GNSS to investigate characteristics of block movement and dynamics of large earthquakes happening in block interaction boundaries. 相似文献
12.
Velocity field of China continent constrained by Global Positioning System (GPS) reveals both continuous and block-like styles
of deformation. Continuous deformation commonly characterizes actively deforming mountain ranges such as the Tianshan Mountain,
Qilian Mountain, and Tibet. The block-like movement often represents deformation in the tectonically stable regions such as
Ordos, South China and Tarim blocks. GPS measurements indicate 5.1±2.5 mm/a left-lateral strike-slip rate along the Altun
fault. Eastward convergence along the Longmenshan fault is less than 6.7 ± 3.0 mm/a. South China moves 11–14 mm/a eastward
compared with the stable Eurasia. These low slip rates do not imply rapid eastward extrusion of China continent predicted
by the model of “continental extrusion”. It appears that “crustal thickening” model more properly describes both continuous
and block-like styles of deformation in China continent. 相似文献
13.
Active blocks and strong seismic activity in North China region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The active North China block consists of three second-order blocks: Ordos, North China Plain, and East Shandong-Huanghai Sea blocks. Two active tectonic zones, the Anyang-Heze- Linyi and Tangshan-Cixian zones, exist in the active North China Plain block and have separated the active block into 3 third-order active blocks, Taihangshan, Hebei-Shandong, and Henan-Huai blocks. The 3 third-order active blocks are characterized by their entire motion and are clearly different in their Cenozoic structures and deep structures. The active boundary tectonic zones between the third-order active blocks are less than those between the first- and second-order active blocks in their movement strength, extent, and seismic activity. The density of M ≥ 6 earthquakes in the boundary zones between active blocks is higher than that within the blocks by 9-22 times in the North China region, up to one order of magnitude on average. M ≥ 7 earthquakes occurred basically in the boundary zones between active blocks. The difference is not occasional, but reflects the nature of intraplate movement and the characteristics of strong seismic activity and is the powerful evidence for hypothesis of active blocks. 相似文献
14.
The active North China block consists of three second-order blocks: Ordos, North China Plain, and East Shandong-Huanghai Sea blocks. Two active tectonic zones, the Anyang-Heze-Linyi and Tangshan-Cixian zones, exist in the active North China Plain block and have separated the active block into 3 third-order active blocks, Taihangshan, Hebei-Shandong, and Henan-Huai blocks. The 3 third-order active blocks are characterized by their entire motion and are clearly different in their Cenozoic structures and deep structures. The active boundary tectonic zones between the third-order active blocks are less than those between the first- and second-order active blocks in their movement strength, extent, and seismic activity. The density of M· ·6 earthquakes in the boundary zones between active blocks is higher than that within the blocks by 9–22 times in the North China region, up to one order of magnitude on average. M· · 7 earthquakes occurred basically in the boundary zones between active blocks. The difference is not occasional, but reflects the nature of intraplate movement and the characteristics of strong seismic activity and is the powerful evidence for hypothesis of active blocks. 相似文献
15.
Using methods of discontinuous deformation analysis and finite element (DDA+FEM), this paper simulates dynamic processes of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, which occurred in the northern North China where its internal blocks apparently interacted. Studies focus upon both the movement and deformation of the blocks, in particular, the Ordos block, and variations of stress states on the boundary faults. The Tangshan earthquake was composed of three events: slipping motions of NNE-striking major fault, NE-striking fault near the northeastern end of the NNE-striking fault, and NW-striking fault on the southeastern side of the NNE-striking fault. Compared with previous studies, our model yields a result that is more agreeable with the configuration of aftershock distributions. A number of data are presented, such as the principle stress field during the earthquake, contours of the maximum shear stress, the strike-slip deformation between blocks near the earthquake focus, time-dependent variations of slips of earthquake-triggered faulting, the maximum slip distance, and stress drops. These results are in accord with the earthquake source mechanism, basic parameters from earthquake wave study, macro-isoseismic line, observed horizontal displacement vectors, etc. The Tangshan earthquake exerted different influences on the adjacent blocks and boundary faults between them, thus resulting in differential movement and deformation. The Ordos block seems to have experienced the small-scale counterclockwise rotation and deformation, but its northeast part, bounded on the east by the Taihangshan and on the north by the Yanshan and Yinshan belts, underwent relatively stronger deformation. The Tangshan earthquake also changed the stress state of boundary faults of the North China, leading to an increase in shear stress and a decrease in normal stress in the NW-trending Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault through Tangshan City and the northern border faults of the Ordos block, and therefore raises the potential risk of earthquake occurrence. This result is supported by the facts that a series of Ms≥ 6 earthquakes took place at the northern margin of the Ordos block after the Tangshan earthquake. 相似文献
16.
Using methods of discontinuous deformation analysis and finite element (DDA+FEM), this paper simulates dynamic processes of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, which occurred in the northern North China where its internal blocks apparently interacted. Studies focus upon both the movement and deformation of the blocks, in particular, the Ordos block, and variations of stress states on the boundary faults. The Tangshan earthquake was composed of three events: slipping motions of NNE-striking major fault, NE-striking fault near the northeastern end of the NNE-striking fault, and NW-striking fault on the southeastern side of the NNE-striking fault. Compared with previous studies, our model yields a result that is more agreeable with the configuration of aftershock distributions. A number of data are presented, such as the principle stress field during the earthquake, contours of the maximum shear stress, the strike-slip deformation between blocks near the earthquake focus, time-dependent variations of slips of earthquake-triggered faulting, the maximum slip distance, and stress drops. These results are in accord with the earthquake source mechanism, basic parameters from earthquake wave study, macro-isoseismic line, observed horizontal displacement vectors, etc. The Tangshan earthquake exerted different influences on the adjacent blocks and boundary faults between them, thus resulting in differential movement and deformation. The Ordos block seems to have experienced the small-scale counterclockwise rotation and deformation, but its northeast part, bounded on the east by the Taihangshan and on the north by the Yanshan and Yinshan belts, underwent relatively stronger deformation. The Tangshan earthquake also changed the stress state of boundary faults of the North China, leading to an increase in shear stress and a decrease in normal stress in the NW-trending Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault through Tangshan City and the northern border faults of the Ordos block, and therefore raises the potential risk of earthquake occurrence. This result is supported by the facts that a series of Ms ≥ 6 earthquakes took place at the northern margin of the Ordos block after the Tangshan earthquake. 相似文献
17.
利用地震层析成像结果分析了中国西部地区的上地幔速度结构,发现青藏高原北部至东南边缘上地幔顶部速度普遍偏低;随着深度的增加,低速区主要分布在羌塘、松潘—甘孜和云南西部地区,而印度大陆、塔里木、柴达木、鄂尔多斯和四川盆地均显示出较高的速度.上述速度分布与青藏高原及周边地区的岩石层结构和深部动力性质密切相关:其中羌塘地区的低速异常反映了青藏北部的地幔上涌和局部熔融,起因于印度大陆岩石层的向北俯冲;松潘—甘孜地区的低速异常与青藏东部的深层物质流动及四川盆地刚性岩石层的阻挡有关;而滇西地区的低速异常可能受到印缅块体向东俯冲作用的影响.以上三个区域构成青藏高原和周边地区的主要地幔异常区.相比之下,印度大陆、塔里木、柴达木、鄂尔多斯和四川盆地的高速异常反映了大陆构造稳定地区的岩石层地幔特点.根据速度变化推测,地幔上涌和韧性变形并非贯穿整个青藏高原,而是主要集中在羌塘、松潘—甘孜和滇西地区,上述构造效应不仅导致岩石层厚度减薄且引发了火山和岩浆活动. 相似文献
18.
塔里木南缘位于塔里木块体同青藏高原碰撞的前缘,是认识青藏高原同周围块体相互作用的重要位置.横波分裂方法可以获得岩石圈及软流圈地幔的介质各向异性特征,进而探讨岩石圈变形和地幔流动.本文利用横波分裂方法对中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所、北京大学和南方科技大学联合布设在塔里木盆地南部的8个宽频带流动地震台站记录的SKS和SKKS震相进行分析,获得了塔里木盆地南部上地幔各向异性参数.分析结果显示,研究区快波偏振方向总体比较一致呈近东西向,但存在盆地边缘到盆地内部变化,而慢波延迟时间分布在0.3~1.5 s,差异较大.综合前人对青藏高原北缘和阿尔金断裂周边的横波分裂研究结果,研究区内大部分地区地幔流动方向和绝对板块运动方向保持一致,推测青藏高原北缘同塔里木盆地接触带,青藏高原北缘软流圈南东东向流动对塔里木块体下方地幔流动造成扰动,随着深入到塔里木块体内部,干扰越来越弱;同时青藏高原北部软流圈物质可能对塔里木盆地岩石圈产生影响,随着地幔软流圈物质持续向北运动逐渐冷却,对盆地内部岩石圈的影响程度减弱. 相似文献
19.
IntroductionAccording to the division of Neo-tectonically active blocks northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (abbreviated as QX thereafter) plateau is a juncture region where 3 intra-continental subplates, the Qinghai-Xizang, Xinjiang and North China subplate, meet with each other (DING, 1991). The subplates generally consist of blocks. Specifically, around the Yinchuan-Haiyuan (quasi-trijuncture( (TIAN, DING, 1998), where the 3 subplates meet, to the south locates the Gansu-Qinghai (GQ) blo… 相似文献
20.
用地震活动资料研究了青藏高原东北地区的现代构造运动特征．地震活动证据表明,青藏高原东北地区活动块体之间是以复杂的变形带接触的．甘-青地块与阿拉善地块之间有一个宽阔的挤压变形带,该挤压带东南端转变为以网络状水平剪切变形为主．甘-青地块与鄂尔多斯地块接触的六盘山地区处于NE-SW向的挤压变形之中．鄂尔多斯地块与阿拉善地块间有一个具有拐折结构的剪切变形带,鄂尔多斯地块的西北角和东南缘处于NNW-SSE方向的受拉伸状态．该区现代构造变形特征可能与青藏高原向东北的挤压作用、鄂尔多斯地块的阻挡作用以及高原物质向东南方向挤出运动有关． 相似文献