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1.
对改进初始强迫风场后的Zebiak-Cane海气耦合模式预报性能进行了全面评估。结果表明：1）耦合模式在20世纪90年代预报能力小于80年代；提前0～5个月的耦合模式预报能力小于同期持续预报能力，之后则相反；耦合模式对Nino3区指数预报能力最强。2）在1997／1998年El Nino事件期间，耦合模式对东太平洋SSTA场预报能力大于其对中西太平洋SSTA场的预报能力，且提前0～2个月之后的耦合模式对东太平洋SSTA场预报能力远远大于持续预报。 相似文献
2.
通过与观测作比较。评估低分辨率的大气环流模式模拟的风场，模式风场是使用观测海温场外强迫，从１９７９年到１９８８年共积分十年得到的，模式输出为月平均值。结果表明，模式能够相当真实地模拟出风距平场的演变，用风应力距平强迫简单模式，积分十年（１９７９－１９８８），得到的海温距平场（月平均值）和观测海温距平场作比较，模式结果较真实地模拟了１９８２－１９８３年及１９８６／１９８７年暖事件的赤道地区海温距平场 相似文献
3.
全球热带海气耦合距平模式及其数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
用观测海温距平对一个中等分辨率的细网格大气模式和观测 FSU假风应力对全球热带三大洋距平海洋模式分别进行强迫试验。结果表明 :无论是大气模式还是海洋模式均在一定程度上较好地模拟了观测事实 ,热带大西洋的模拟效果好于热带印度洋。对大气模式而言 ,经向风距平的模拟要好于纬向风距平 ,热带大西洋西部好于东部 ,热带印度洋东部好于西部 ,赤道南侧好于北侧。对海洋模式而言 ,热带大西洋模拟最好的区域是赤道中东部 ,对赤道东印度洋的暖事件及偶极子事件年际变率模拟也较好。在此基础上 ,用和海气耦合模式同样的耦合方式将两者耦合起来 ,构成了一个中等复杂程度的全球热带海气耦合模式 ,这是进一步研究全球热带海气相互作用的基础 相似文献
4.
利用带通滤波方法，将FSU风应力资料分离成ENSO时间尺度上的分量及其剩余部分，将这两部分分别作用于模式海洋（2层热带太平洋区域模式），研究海洋对不同时间尺度大气变化的响应。结果表明：尺管ENSO时间尺度上的风应力分量只占风应力扰动总方差的30％左右，它却能激发出全部异常风应力强迫海洋时所产生的El Nino/La Nina现象和十分相近的SSTA变化周期与振幅。而其余占总异常风应力方差60％以上的部分强迫海洋仅能产生振幅较小的海表温度异常，在非ENSO和ENSO时间尺度上的风应力强迫下，海洋中可产生相近振幅的Kelvin波，但SSTA振幅却存在显著差别，表明海洋对大气扰动信号的频率非常敏感，这里从理论上对该现象作了解释和说明。 相似文献
5.
本文基于以925 hPa NCEP/NCAR再分析风应力距平为初始强迫场的Zebiak-Cane海气耦合模式对1997/1998 El Nio事件集合预报平均结果,对1997/1998 El Nio事件进行热力学诊断分析.结果表明:(1)在整个El Nio事件过程中,在赤道太平洋从西到东的各个Nio区中,平流作用主要起促进作用,而热力阻尼项则基本为衰减或抑止作用.(2)从Nio 4区到Nio 1 2区,纬向平流对SSTA上升的促进强度变化不大,而经向平流和垂直上升流对SSTA增加的促进作用在逐渐增强.同时,热力阻尼项对SSTA变化的抑制作用也呈依次增强.(3)平流项中,经向平流的贡献相对显著. 相似文献
6.
本文基于以925hPaNCEP／NCAR再分析风应力距平为初始强迫场的Zebiak-Cane海气耦合模式对1997／1998E1Nino事件集合预报平均结果,对1997／1998E1Nino事件进行热力学诊断分析。结果表明：（1）在整个E1Nino事件过程中,在赤道太平洋从西到东的各个Nino区中,平流作用主要起促进作用,而热力阻尼项则基本为衰减或抑止作用。（2）从Nino4区到Nino1＋2区,纬向平流对SSTA上升的促进强度变化不大,而经向平流和垂直上升流对SSTA增加的促进作用在逐渐增强。同时,热力阻尼项对SSTA变化的抑制作用也呈依次增强。（3）平流项中,经向平流的贡献相对湿著。 相似文献
7.
利用一个中等复杂程度的海气耦合模式来研究热带西太平洋地区风应力异常对ENSO循环的影响,并以1997/1998年的El Nino事件为例,分析了模式结果中热带西太平洋地区风应力异常对El Nino事件形成影响的动力学及热力学作用.结果表明,热带西太平洋地区的风应力异常对ENSO循环有很重要的作用.在耦合模式中,当热带西太平洋地区的风应力异常由观测给定时,耦合模式基本上可以模拟出自1971年以来的EI Nino事件,观测与模拟的Nino 3区海面温度异常(SSTA)的相关系数可达0.63.赤道西太平洋地区的风应力异常可加强该地区大气的辐合,从而加强了大气的加热场,进而加强了海气相互作用的不稳定.赤道西太平洋地区西风异常激发出来的Kelvin波及水平平流对EI Nino事件初始阶段的发展起重要作用;海气相互作用及东边界的反射对EI Nino事件的发展及维持起重要作用. 相似文献
8.
Zebiak-Cane数值模式的可预报性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用Zebiak-Cane(ZC)模式关于热带太平洋海表温度距平(SSTA)的预报资料,从预报误差发展的角度,考察了该模式关于El Ni(n)o/La Ni(n)a事件生长期和衰减期以及正常年份SSTA的预报技巧.结果表明,ZC模式关于ENSO预报的一个最突出的特征是:El Ni(n)o事件生长期SSTA的预报误差存在着明显的季节依赖性,最大预报误差增长通常出现在春季和夏初(AMJ),存在显著的春季可预报性障碍(SPB);对于El Ni(n)o事件的衰减期、La Ni(n)a事件的生长期和衰减期以及正常年份,SSTA预报误差没有明显的季节依赖性.作者比较了ZC模式关于ENSO事件不同发展阶段(生长期和衰减期)以及正常年份SSTA的可预报性.结果表明,La Ni(n)a生长期SSTA的预报最困难;在El Ni(n)o事件、La Ni(n)a事件和正常年份3种情形中,ZC模式关于La Ni(n)a事件的预报技巧最低.用上述动力学方法,进一步考察了ZC模式预报技巧的年代际变化.结果表明,ZC模式在20世纪80年代SPB现象相对较弱,有较高的预报技巧;而在70和90年代,ZC模式预报技巧明显低于80年代,同时伴有显著的SPB现象. 相似文献
9.
With simultaneous observed sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), the difference between
NCEP/NCAR 925hPa reanalysis wind stress anomaly (NCEPWSA) and FSU wind stress anomaly (FSUWSA) is
analyzed, and the prediction abilities of Zebiak-Cane coupled ocean-atmosphere model (ZC coupled model) with
NCEPWSA and FSUWSA serving respectively as initialization wind are compared. The results are as follows.
The distribution feature of NCEPWSA matches better with that of the observed SSTA than counterpart of
FSUWSA both in 1980s and in 1990s; The ZC ocean model has a better skill under the forcing of NCEPWSA
than that of FSUWSA, especially in 1990s. Meanwhile, the forecast abilities of the ZC coupled model in 1990s
as well as in 1980s have been improved employing NCEPWSA as initialization wind instead of FSUWSA.
Particularly, it succeeded in predicting 1997/1998 El Ni?o 6 to 8 months ahead; further analysis shows that on
the antecedent and onset stages of the 1997/1998 El Ni?o event, the horizontal cold and warm distribution
characteristics of the simulated SSTA from ZC ocean model, with NCEPWSA forcing compared to FSUWSA
forcing, match better with counterparts of the corresponding observed SSTA, whereby providing better
predication initialization conditions for ZC coupled model, which, in turn, is favorable to improve the forecast
ability of the coupled model. 相似文献
10.
南海年际尺度海气相互作用的初探 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文分析了南海海洋大气系统短期气候变化中存在年际振荡的若干观测事实，提出了局地尺度南海海洋与低层大气相互作用的一种可能机制。针对南海表层水温距平和低层风场异常的相关，设计了一个类似与ＭｃＣｒｅａｒｙ和Ａｎｄｅｒ－ｓｏｎ（１９８４）模型的简化海气耦合模式。大气部分为随下垫面海温变化而变化的异常风应力阶梯函数与季节性风场的联合；海洋部分为非线性β－平面的约化重力模式。考虑南海海洋大气相互作用中存在的海温与低层大气风场变化之间反馈过程，耦合模式在气候积分中表现出一类约３ａ的周期性年际振荡。说明这个区域ＳＳＴ、低层大气风场年际振荡是南海海盆尺度的海气相互作用的反映，改进了关于南海ＳＳＴ年际振荡是海洋对大气应力甚低频强迫响应的认识 相似文献
11.
利用多年逐月海温距平和风应力距平观测资料,运用线性回归和EOF分析方法,分析了与ENSO相联系的热带太平洋典型风应力异常场结构。结果显示,与ENSO线性相关的风应力异常场在时间尺度上表现为低频变化,在水平结构上主要表现为四个典型分布。其中,分布型1主要表现为日界线以东赤道地区东风异常和赤道风应力场辐散;分布型2主要表现为日界线以东赤道地区西风异常和经向异常风应力向赤道气流;分布型3主要表现为日界线以东赤道偏南地区西风异常和风应力场辐合,日界线以西为东风异常;分布型4主要表现为160°W以东的弱东风异常和160°W以西的西风异常。与ENSO线性无关的风应力场主要表现为高频过程,在水平空间结构上其典型场主要位于赤道外地区。还用与ENSO有关的那部分回归风应力异常场强迫海洋距平模式,成功地再现了ENSO的主要信号。这表现观测揭示的典型风应力异常型对于El Nino的产生是根本性的。 相似文献
12.
Based on years of month-to-month observations of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and wind stress anomaly, typical wind stress patterns in the tropical Pacific associated with ENSO are Studied with the techniques of linear regression and EOF analysis. The anomalous field, which is linearly correlated with ENSO, is found to be varying at low frequencies on the temporal scale and to be in four typical patterns of distribution horizontally.Pattern 1 is of the easterly anomaly and wind stress divergence in the equatorial region east of the date line. Pattern 2 is of the westerly anomaly and wind sttess convergence in the equatorial region east of the date line. Pattern 3 is of the westerly anomaly and wind stress convergence south of the Equator but east of the data line, with the easterly anomaly west of it. Pattern 4 is of the weak easerly anomaly east 160°W and the westerly anomaly west of 160°W. Wind stress fields linearly independent of ENSO are of a high-frequency process with a typical pattern off the Equator that has a large horizontal amplitude. Using an ocean anomaly-forcing model with the regressed wind stress anomaly field that is associated with ENSO, principal signals of ENSO are reproduced. It indicates the fundamental nature of the typical wind field anomaly patterns revealed for the genesis of El Nino. 相似文献
13.
Analysis has been implemented of 1970-1992 tropical Pacific wind stress anomaly and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) datasets, indicating that quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the tropical Pacific WS and SSTA is featured both by a standing and a progressive form, the former emerging in the most intense centers of action and the latter travelling east- or west-ward out of the SSTA sources. Results show that the SSTA is in the warm (cold) phase as zonal component of euqatorial wind stress anomaly gets weakened (reinforced) and the QBO of wind stress anomaly is well related to the El Nino cycle. 相似文献
14.
Low frequency characteristics of tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies in observation and simulations; from the CZ simple atmospheric model and COLA R15 AGCM are analyzed. The results show that ENSO event may be a multi-scale process, that is, ENSO time scale has the period longer than three yean; biennial oscillation and annual variability Dynamical characteristics are involved in the evolution process of wind stress anomaly with ENSO time scale: 1) the development and eastward movement of a cyclonic anomaly circulation in subtropical northwestern Pacific and weakening of Southern Oscillation result in the eastward propagation of westerly anomaly along the equator, there?fore, interactions between flows in subtropics and in tropics play an important role in the evolution of wind stress anomaly with ENSO time scale; 2) easterly and westerly anomalies with ENSO time scale are one kind of propagating wave, which differs from Barnett’s (1991). It is interesting that the evolution of observed and simulated wind stress anomalies with biennial time scale bears a strong resemble to that with ENSO time scale although their period it dif?ferent. Observed annual variability it weak during 1979-1981 and intensified after 1981, especially it reaches to max?imum during 1982-1984, and the spatial structure of the first mode is the ENSO-like pattern. 相似文献
15.
用向量场奇异值分解方法分析了赤道太平洋区域风应力场与海表温度场年际异常的相关联系。结果表明,最主要的一对奇异向量与ENSO循环关系密切,其主要特征为赤道中、东太平洋风应力向赤道的异常辐合（辐散）与该区的SST异常升高（降低）准同步变化。对70和80年代的4次 El Ni?o事件中标准化风应力异常场的分析表明,它们均表现出赤道中、东太平洋的辐合。这一结果可能比用信风张弛描述ENSO循环中的环流异常更合理和更具代表性。 相似文献
16.
本文利用１９７０至１９８９年共２０年的逐月平均的太平着区的表面风应力和海表温度距平的分析资料，检验了以前设计的热带太平洋和热带大气距平模式的模拟性能，通过使用两组风应力异常场即观测场和热带大气模式对观测海温响应所得的模拟场，重点分析了热带太平洋距平模式对风应力异常的响应特征，结果表明，本文海洋距平模式完全有能力再现ＥＮＳＯ循环折际变化性及其水平结构，且赤道中太平洋区域的低频风应力异常对于ＥＮＳＯ事 相似文献
17.
By analyzing the climatologically averaged wind stress during 2000-2007,it is found that the easterly wind stress in the northern tropical Pacific Ocean from Quick Scatterometer(QSCAT) data was stronger than those from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean(TAO) data and from National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis I.As a result,the Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) in the Pacific Ocean is more southward in the QSCAT data than in the NCEP/NCAR data.Relative to the NCEP wind,the southern shift of the ITCZ in the QSCAT data led to negative anomaly of wind stress curl north of a latitude of 6 N.The negative anomaly results in downward Ekman pumping in the central Pacific.The excessive local strong easterly wind also contributes to the downward Ekman pumping.This downward Ekman pumping suppresses the thermocline ridge,reduces the meridional thermocline slope and weakens the North Equatorial Countercurrent(NECC).These effects were confirmed by numerical experiments using two independent ocean general circulation models(OGCMs).Furthermore,the excessive equatorial easterly wind stress was also found to contribute to the weaker NECC in the OGCMs.A comparison between the simulations and observation data indicates that the stronger zonal wind stress and its southern shift of QSCAT data in the ITCZ region yield the maximum strength of the simulated NECC only 33% of the magnitude derived from observation data and even led to a "missing" NECC in the western Pacific. 相似文献
18.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tropical Pacific wind stress anomalies produccd on monthly to interannual time scales by the complex general circulation model (GCM) of the center for Ocean Land Atmosphere Interactions (C.O.L.A.) at low (R15) resolutions. The model is integraed using observed sea surface temperature (SST) for ten years 1979 through 1988. The model simulates generally realistic wind stress anomaly (WSA). The model-generated data set of WSA was used to force the Zebiax Cane ocean model (ZCOM) for ten years. The modeled (SST) anomalies were compared to the observed SST anomalies. The ZCOM simulation shows realistic 1982/83 and 1986/87 warm episodes along the equator, but could produce less realistic 1984/85 and 1988/89 cold episodes along the equator due to lack of wind stress forcing in the mean model. Time series of the NINO3 index (measuring the SST anomaly in the mid-eastern Pacific) is realistic for the ZCOM simulation. 相似文献
19.
表层洋流对外强迫响应敏感度的数值研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用数值模拟研究了海表流场对外强迫（风应力和海表热通量）的响应特征,探讨了其对该类外强迫异常响应的敏感性以及较敏感区域。在确认本文所用的海洋环流模式能够较好地模拟表层海洋流场的气候状态之后,通过几个敏感性试验与控制（对照）试验结果的比较,发现海洋表层环流对海表风应力异常响应的敏感区域主要在赤道附近及大洋西边界海区;相对于热带外地区,热带海域（20°S～20°N）的风应力异常对于大洋表层环流的变化有着更重要的显著作用,它不仅会导致热带海域表层流场有较大的变化,对中高纬海区的表层流场特别是西边界流也有明显影响;海洋表层环流对海表热通量异常的响应除了在赤道附近海域明显之外,在中高纬海区也十分显著;在外强迫有同等异常幅度（20%）的情况下,大洋西边界海域对热通量的响应明显要强于对风应力的响应。此外,热通量异常还对南太平洋东海岸的洋流和南极大陆的绕极环流有较为明显的影响。 相似文献