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不同校准方法检验雷达定量估测降水的效果对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用雷达低仰角基本反射率资料和地面加密自动站降水量资料,采用最优化方法,根据天津地区降水特点和不同降水类型,建立适用本地的雷达Z-I关系。经实际应用检验,积混降水类型Z-I关系具实用性。在天津本地化Z-I关系基础上,通过了对比分析6种不同校准方法在天津夏季降水估测中的检验效果。结果表明：Z-I关系校准法和最大集成法对降水的估测偏高,误差较大;最优插值法的估测精度最高,平均绝对误差和均方根误差最小;但计算不同校准方法与实况相关性表明,变分校准法的估测效果与雨量计降水量的相关性最好。同时,所有估测校准法对小雨量级的降水均出现了不同程度的偏高估测。 相似文献
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为提高短时强降水的监测和预警技术在山区等复杂地形中的应用,本文选取相关的探空资料分析天气背景,划分降水类型,与自动站订正技术相结合,采用Z-I分型最优化技术估测降水,利用交叉相关法对雷达反射率因子进行外推,并预测30min后的累积降水量。根据近3年的观测资料,制定出适合岳阳地区雷达反射率因子以及雷达估测降水对应的降水量级。通过与自动站雨量对比,Z-I分型最优化技术估测降水的相对误差较小;与Z-I经验公式估测降水对比分析,雷达估测降水的准确率有一定提高。经过岳阳示范区一年的实际应用表明:该方法对短时强降水的估测和预警均取得良好的效果,对强降水引起的山体滑坡等灾害具有一定的防范作用。 相似文献
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选用2008、2009和2010年5-10月的云顶亮温、云顶亮温梯度、水汽云图、总云量和云分类等云图资料,雷达基本反射率资料及自动站1h降水量资料,采用BP神经网络建立预报模型、传统Z-I关系及云分类Z-I关系,对距昆明雷达站大于20 km、小于150 km区域里且2008年已建有自动站的18个测站进行3h降水估测研究.通过研究,得到使用BP神经网络建立预报模型估测降水,在与实测降水的误差方面,比使用传统Z-I关系及云分类Z-I关系估测降水略有减小.本研究也是对综合利用卫星和雷达资料估测降水进行尝试. 相似文献
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在充分考虑传统的最优化方法和概率配对法优缺点的基础上,使用一种改进的最佳窗概率配对法计算Z-I关系中的系数A和b,得到了雷达测得的基本反射率因子Z和雨量计实时测到的小时降水量I的动态关系.利用温州多普勒雷达体扫资料和浙江省自动雨量站资料,使用该方法对"海棠"(Haitang)和"麦莎"(Matsa)两个台风分别进行了动态计算,得到了不同系数的Z-I关系,进而对两个台风的小时降水量进行了定量估测.使用变分技术对估测的小时降水量进行了校准.结果表明,不同台风Z-I关系的系数差别较大,因而造成台风小时降水量的很大不同.使用雷达基本反射率来估测台风小时降水量,能够清楚表现出台风的螺旋雨带和其中的中小尺度雨团,估测的台风小时降水量与实况基本接近.经过变分校准的估测降水量可以较好地表现出台风雨带与地面中尺度流场动力结构的对应关系.误差统计分析表明,变分校准后的估测台风小时降水量要明显好于变分校准前的估测台风小时降水量.变分校准法既保留了雷达估测台风小时降水量的分布特征,又使估测的台风小时降水雨量与实况的误差明显减小. 相似文献
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雷达定量降水估测可以提供时间连续、水平分辨率高和覆盖范围广阔的降水产品,目前已成为气象监测的重要手段之一。尽管当前针对不同地区雷达估测降水的方法有了长足的发展,但是复杂地形区的雷达降水估测效果仍需改进。本文针对青藏高原东北边坡复杂地形区雷达降水估测,在固定经验Z-I关系、云分类经验Z-I关系、回波分级统计Z-I关系3种已有算法的基础上,建立了基于准稳定移动窗口的地理地形因子实时动态调整降水估测订正算法,并利用2017-2018年汛期临夏地区降水天气个例开展估测效果评估。结果表明：未经订正算法估测降水值往往较实况观测值偏小,而经过订正后的估测降水平均值与观测实况较为一致;不同算法对于小量级降水估测的累计概率分布（CDF）与观测实况偏差较大,而随着降水量级逐渐增加,估测降水的CDF与实况观测逐渐接近,基于回波分级统计Z-I关系的订正算法估测性能更为稳定;不同算法估测降水量的误差差异较大,未订正算法对所有降水以低估为主,基于回波分级统计Z-I关系订正算法和基于固定经验Z-I关系订正算法的整体估测偏差较小;未经订正算法对对流性降水天气主要降水落区估测较好,但对降水强度估测较差,而订正后估测效果... 相似文献
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利用雷达估算太行山降水对于海河流域水循环解析、变化预测及流域水资源管理具有重要意义。本文利用2013和2014年6—9月太行山东部中低山区多普勒天气雷达反射率(Z)产品和自动雨量站降水(I)数据,采用不同滑动时间窗(1~5h)估算Z-I关系,利用2013—2014年45次降水事件验证不同时间窗Z-I关系在小雨、中雨和暴雨情况下的精度,并针对2013年7月9日降水事件进行个例分析。结果表明:不同滑动时间窗Z-I关系反演降水精度不同,误差随滑动时间窗增大,呈现先下降后上升的趋势,其中2h滑动时间窗误差最小。对于不同量级降水的反演,2h滑动时间窗Z-I关系对中雨的改进最大。个例分析表明:滑动时间窗Z-I算法的主要优势在于改善其他算法对雨强较大降水的低估。 相似文献
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用天气雷达回波强度资料估测降水 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2004年兴义多普勒雷达体扫复合仰角的强度回波资料及自动站雨量资料,在贵州省黔西南地区进行降水估测。综合考虑了地理环境、气候、距雷达中心距离等3个因素,对下属的8县1市进行降水估测,运用了不同仰角进行多次实验,最后运用最小二乘法得到该区域的Z-I(反射率因子-降水)关系,选取2005年1-7月的部分资料进行检验对比,并对降水误差从地理环境、雷达性能等多个方面进行分析。结果表明,用此方法得出的Z-I适用性较好,准确率较高,为降水估测提供了较可靠的判据。 相似文献
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新一代天气雷达系统使用Z-I关系式反演降水,在估测降雨时不同地域具有不同误差;在观测降水时受到水平阵风或短时大风、回波强度、地形、大气折射等因素影响,可能降低雷达定量估测降水的精度。本文利用湖南郴州雷达基数据不同低仰角反射率因子分别估算出降水量,对比分析了不同仰角雷达反演估测降水量与自动雨量站雨量数据之间的误差。通过对雷达估测降水的误差来源分析、估测降水误差并应用数学统计分析误差,初步得出:2.4°仰角估测降水与雨量站的观测数据线性相关系数最高,雷达估测的降水较为真实。而0.5°、1.5°仰角受地型影响估测降水可行性不高。 相似文献
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Mêdog and Nagqu are two typical regions of the Tibetan Plateau with different geographical locations and climate regimes. These differences may lead to discrepancies in the raindrop size distributions (DSDs) and precipitation microphysical processes between the two regions. This paper investigates discrepancies in the DSDs using disdrometer data obtained during the rainy season in Mêdog and Nagqu. The DSD characteristics are studied under five different rainfall rate categories and two precipitation types (stratiform and convective). For the total datasets, the number concentrations of drops with diameters D > 0.6 (D < 0.6) mm are higher (lower) in Nagqu than in Mêdog. The fitted normalized gamma distributions of the averaged DSDs for the five rainfall rate categories show that Nagqu has a larger (lower) mass-weighted mean diameter Dm (normalized intercept parameter, lgNw) than Mêdog does. The difference in Dm between Nagqu and Mêdog increases with the rainfall rate. Convective clusters in Nagqu could be identified as continental-like, while convective precipitation in Mêdog could be classified as maritime-like. The relationships between the shape factor μ and slope parameter Λ of the gamma distribution model, the radar re?ectivity Z, and the rainfall rate R are also derived. Furthermore, the possible causative mechanism for the notable DSD variation between the two regions during the rainy season is illustrated using reanalysis data and automated weather station observations. Cold rain processes are mainly responsible for the lower concentrations of larger drops observed in Nagqu, whereas warm rain prevails in Mêdog, producing abundant small drops. 相似文献
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雷达回波强度与雨滴谱参数的相关性研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在雷达定量探测降水方面,目前大都采用雷达回波强度与降水强度的相关性来定量估算,但雷达回波强度与降水强度并非一一对应。本文利用从庐山和南京收集到的雷达观测资料和同步Parsivel观测到的雨滴谱数据,建立雷达回波强度与不同雨滴谱参数的函数关系,将由确定的函数关系式拟合后的雷达回波强度与雷达实测的回波强度作对比,以检验假定函数关系式的合理性,同时通过对比两地两类云降水拟合值的相对误差,给出了函数关系式中的最优y选项,为雷达定量估算降水量寻找新的途径。研究结果表明:庐山和南京两地两类云降水的雨滴谱参数对雷达回波强度的拟合普遍较好,其中对流云降水的拟合都明显好于层状云降水。两地层状云降水中各个雨滴谱参数对雷达回波强度的拟合曲线都大体相近,而对流云降水中,不同雨滴谱参数对雷达回波强度的拟合曲线差异较大。南京两类云降水拟合的相对误差要小于庐山两类云降水拟合的相对误差。除庐山对流云降水外,DV是两地两类云降水拟合公式中最优的y选项。而庐山对流云降水拟合式中,以N和DP的拟合最佳。 相似文献
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为研究梅雨期极端对流系统的微物理特征,利用2013—2014年江淮梅雨期间南京溧水S波段双偏振雷达探测资料和地面自动站小时降水资料,统计分析了两类极端对流降水系统的微物理特征及差异。这两类极端对流系统的定义基于地面降水强度和雷达回波顶高,分别为所有对流中降水强度最强的1%（R类:小时降水强度>46.2 mm/h）和对流发展高度最高的1%（H类:20 dBz回波顶高>14.5 km）。结果显示这两类极端对流系统仅有30%的样本重合,显示了二者之间的弱相关性。对于相同的反射率因子ZH,R类极端对流系统的近地面差分反射率因子ZDR通常较H类极端对流小约0.2 dB,表明R类极端对流具有较小的平均粒径。结合双偏振雷达反演的粒子大小和相态分布显示,虽然两类极端对流都表现出海洋性对流降水特征,但R类极端对流较H类极端对流的总体雨滴粒径更小而数浓度更高,导致R类极端对流系统的地面降水更强。与R类极端对流系统相比,H类极端对流系统的上升运动更强,将更多的水汽和过冷水输送到0℃层以上,有利于形成更大的冰相粒子（如霰粒子等）,并通过融化形成大雨滴。以上研究表明,梅雨期降水强度和对流发展深度并没有必然的联系,极端降水主要是中等高度的对流引起。 相似文献
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Qingwei ZENG Yun ZHANG Hengchi LEI Yanqiong XIE Taichang GAO Lifeng ZHANG Chunming WANG Yanbin HUANG 《大气科学进展》2019,36(10):1103-1120
Raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics over the South China Sea (SCS) are examined with onboard Parsivel disdrometer measurements collected during marine surveys from 2012 to 2016. The observed rainfall is divided into pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods based on the different large-scale circumstances. In addition to disdrometer data, sounding observation, FY-2E satellite, SPRINTARS (Spectral Radiation-Transport Model for Aerosol Species), and NCEP reanalysis datasets are used to illustrate the dynamical and microphysical characteristics associated with the rainfall in different periods. Significant variations have been observed in respect of raindrops among the three periods. Intercomparison reveals that small drops (D < 1 mm) are prevalent during pre-monsoon precipitation, whereas medium drops (1?3 mm) are predominant in monsoon precipitation. Overall, the post-monsoon precipitation is characterized by the least concentration of raindrops among the three periods. But, several large raindrops could also occur due to severe convective precipitation events in this period. Classification of the precipitation into stratiform and convective regimes shows that the lg(Nw) value of convective rainfall is the largest (smallest) in the pre-monsoon (post-monsoon) period, whereas the Dm value is the smallest (largest) in the pre-monsoon (post-monsoon) period. An inversion relationship between the coefficient A and the exponential b of the Z?R relationships for precipitation during the three periods is found. Empirical relations between Dm and the radar reflectivity factors at Ku and Ka bands are also derived to improve the rainfall retrieval algorithms over the SCS. Furthermore, the possible causative mechanisms for the significant RSD variability in different periods are also discussed with respect to warm and cold rain processes, raindrop evaporation, convective activities, and other meteorological factors. 相似文献
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During the April-June raining season,warm-sector heavy rainfall(WR) and frontal heavy rainfall(FR) often occur in the south of China,causing natural disasters.In this study,the microphysical characteristics of WR and FR events from 2016 to 2022 are analyzed by using 2-dimensional video disdrometer(2DVD) data in the south of China.The microphysical characteristics of WR and FR events are quite different.Compared with FR events,WR events have higher concentration of D<5.3 mm(especially D <1 ... 相似文献
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The objective of this research was to acquire a raindrop size distribution (DSDs) retrieved from C-band polarimetric radar observations scheme for the first time in south China.An observation period of the precipitation process was selected,and the shape-slope (μ-Λ) relationship of this region was statistically analyzed using the raindrop sample observations from the two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) at Xinfeng Station,Guangdong Province.Simulated data of the C-band polarimetric radar reflectivity Z_(HH)and differential reflectivity Z_(DR)were obtained through scattering simulation.The simulation data were combined with DSD fitting to determine the Z_(DR)-Λand log_(10)(Z_(HH)/N_0)-Λrelationships.Using Xinfeng C-band polarimetric radar observations Z_(DR)and Z_(HH),the raindrop Gamma size distribution parametersμ,Λ,and N_0were retrieved.A scheme for using C-band polarimetric radar to retrieve the DSDs was developed.This research revealed that during precipitation process,the DSDs obtained using the C-band polarimetric radar retrieval scheme are similar to the 2DVD observations,the precipitation characteristics of rainfall intensity (R),mass-weighted mean diameter (D_m) and intercept parameter (N_w) with time obtained by radar retrieval are basically consistent with the observational results of the 2DVD.This scheme establishes the relationship between the observations of the C-band polarimetric radar and the physical quantities of the numerical model.This method not only can test the prediction of the model data assimilation system on the convective scale and determine error sources,but also can improve the microphysical precipitation processes analysis and radar quantitative precipitation estimation.The present research will facilitate radar data assimilation in the future. 相似文献
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利用2008—2012年4—6月古田试验区的新一代天气雷达、探空及地面雨量观测等资料,结合天气形势分析,研究古田试验区云系的回波特征与人工增雨作业条件,结果表明:影响古田试验区的主要天气系统分别为低涡切变、暖区辐合、高空槽和大陆高压。降水云系以积层混合云为主,其次为积状云。天气系统所对应的云系回波类型及降水情况有明显差异,积层混合云的结构有利降水;积层混合云大于25 d Bz的回波面积明显比积状云大,且平均回波顶高和最大回波顶高均比积状云低;积状云的垂直积分液态水含量明显比积层混合云大;积状云和积层混合云的负温层厚度超2 km;积层混合云的最大回波强度、大于25 d Bz的回波面积和负温层厚度与区域平均日雨量有着明显的对应关系。古田试验区积层混合云的作业指标为回波强度大于25 d Bz,大于25d Bz的回波面积S25 d Bz要大于400 km~2,回波顶高大于5.5 km,负温层厚度大于1.5km,垂直积分液态水含量大于1 kg/m~2。 相似文献
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The errors in radar quantitative precipitation estimations consist not only of systematic biases caused by random noises but also spatially nonuniform biases in radar rainfall at individual rain-gauge stations.In this study,a real-time adjustment to the radar reflectivity-rainfall rates(Z-R) relationship scheme and the gauge-corrected,radar-based,estimation scheme with inverse distance weighting interpolation was developed.Based on the characteristics of the two schemes,the two-step correction technique of radar quantitative precipitation estimation is proposed.To minimize the errors between radar quantitative precipitation estimations and rain gauge observations,a real-time adjustment to the Z-R relationship scheme is used to remove systematic bias on the time-domain.The gauge-corrected,radar-based,estimation scheme is then used to eliminate non-uniform errors in space.Based on radar data and rain gauge observations near the Huaihe River,the two-step correction technique was evaluated using two heavy-precipitation events.The results show that the proposed scheme improved not only in the underestimation of rainfall but also reduced the root-mean-square error and the mean relative error of radar-rain gauge pairs. 相似文献
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The Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU) neural network has great potential in estimating and predicting a variable. In addition to radar reflectivity(Z), radar echo-top height(ET) is also a good indicator of rainfall rate(R). In this study, we propose a new method, GRU＿Z-ET, by introducing Z and ET as two independent variables into the GRU neural network to conduct the quantitative single-polarization radar precipitation estimation. The performance of GRU＿Z-ET is compared with that of the other three meth... 相似文献
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利用GPS可降水量、多普勒天气雷达和地面加密自动站等高时空分辨率资料,对2011年6月23-24日发生在京津冀的强降水天气过程的不同阶段进行了对比分析.结果表明:(1)第一阶段降水为时间短、强度大的积状云对流降水;GPS可降水量的峰值与强降水对应,在降水之前6h左右会有GPS可降水量峰值出现;在空间分布上,高值中心的演变表现为东移南压趋势.(2)第二阶段降水表现为持续时间较长的系统性降水;雷达回波以大面积层状云降水回波为主;此阶段的GPS可降水量长时间维持在高值阶段,空间分布上GPS可降水量等值线“南高北低”并逐渐南压,西部GPS可降水量明显偏高.(3)在液态水与气态水对比上,雷达VIL随时间的变化不连续,而GPS可降水量表现为连续性演变,二者的峰值或高值对应较好,二者均可反映降水出现时间和降水性质,其中雷达VIL大值与降水出现时段吻合得好,而GPS可降水量的大小和演变趋势可以提前预示降水的出现时间和降水性质,对降水天气预报有指示意义. 相似文献