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哈密地区气象干旱监测指数研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
慕彩芸 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(1):6-10
应用Z指数方法和帕默尔气象干旱指数基本原理的优点,选取哈密地区6个代表站1961—2010年逐月降水量资料,分南、北两个区域建立区域修正帕默尔气象干旱指数,确定了区域旱涝等级的划分标准。以计算得到的干旱指数与历史旱情记录进行对比验证,并与Z指数、降水距平百分率干旱指数对比分析,结果表明该干旱指数对干旱的反应符合历史实际,较Z指数、降水距平百分率干旱指数更适合当地应用。在此基础上,对哈密地区修正帕默尔气象干旱指数与旱情的关系及干旱发生的特征作了更进一步分析。 相似文献
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应用FY-2地表蒸散产品监测西南特大干旱 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于能量平衡原理的卫星遥感地表蒸散产品具有清晰明确的物理含义,广泛地应用于遥感干旱监测领域。本研究以中国能量与水平衡监测系统（CEWBMS）和近11年的静止卫星遥感数据集为基础,利用FY-2/VISSR数据生成相对蒸散距平百分率（Percentage of Relative Evapotranspiration Anomaly,PRETA）产品,应用于全国范围的旱情连续监测。与极轨卫星同类产品相比,基于FY-2的PRETA产品在监测范围和频次上都具有明显的优势。由于距平百分率的引入,PRETA干旱指数等级划分不再与季节和地域气候类型等因素相关。针对2009年秋季至2010年春季西南大旱的监测结果进行了对比分析和统计,结果表明PRETA干旱指数真实客观地反映了旱情时空变化,面平均的PRETA和降水距平百分率时间序列变化趋势显示出良好的一致性,PRETA与10 cm土壤相对湿度有较高的相关性。本研究为实时、大范围、高分辨率、定量和动态卫星遥感监测干旱提供了切实可行的方法。 相似文献
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利用淮河流域河南、安徽、山东、江苏4省170个站1961—2010年逐日气温、降水以及土壤墒情和干旱灾情资料,从干旱年际变化、季节演变、空间分布、典型干旱过程诊断、不合理跳跃点以及与土壤墒情、干旱灾情相关性等方面,对比分析降水距平百分率 (Pa)、Z指数、标准化降水指数 (SPI)、相对湿润度指数 (MI)、综合气象干旱指数 (CI) 和改进的CI (CINew) 在淮河流域的适用性。结果表明:各干旱指数对淮河流域的典型旱年均有较好的诊断能力;在干旱季节演变及空间分布的诊断方面,Pa,MI,CI和CINew与实际较为吻合,而Z指数和SPI诊断效果较差;在典型干旱过程诊断以及不合理跳跃次数方面,CI和CINew更能刻画出干旱发生发展机制,而Pa,Z指数,SPI,MI效果较差;与土壤墒情和历史干旱灾情相关性方面,CI和CINew比Pa,Z指数,SPI,MI具有更好的相关性。即对于淮河流域的干旱监测诊断,CI和CINew要优于Pa,Z指数,SPI及MI,具有更好的适用性。 相似文献
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Comparison of two drought indices in studying regional meteorological drought events in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 The composite-drought index (CI), improved weighted average of precipitation index (IWAP), and the objective identification technique for regional extreme events (OITREE) were employed to detect China's regional meteorological drought events (CRMDEs) during 1961–2010. Compared with existing references, CI and IWAP both showed strong ability in identifying CRMDEs. Generally, the results of CI and IWAP were consistent, especially for extreme and severe CRMDEs. During 1961–2010, although the frequencies of extreme and severe CRMDEs based on CI and IWAP both showed weak decreasing trends, the two mean-integrated indices both showed increasing but not significant trends. However, the results of IWAP were more reasonable than CI’s in two aspects. Firstly, the monthly frequency of extreme and severe CRMDEs based on IWAP showed a clear seasonal variation, which coincided with the seasonal variation of the East Asian monsoon over central–eastern China, whereas the frequency based on CI presented a much weaker seasonal variation. Secondly, the two sets of results were sometimes inconsistent with respect to the start and end times of a CRMDE, and CRMDEs based on CI generally showed two unreasonable phenomena: (1) under non-drought conditions, a severe drought stage could suddenly occur in a large area; and (2) during the following period, drought could alleviate gradually in cases of non-precipitation. Comparative analysis suggested that the IWAP drought index possesses obvious advantages in detecting and monitoring regional drought events. 相似文献
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2000年入夏以来,江西省遭受了自1978年以来最严重的干旱。据省防总7月底统计,全省各类水库、坑塘蓄水总量只有124.2亿,比1999年同期少455亿,比多年同期少26.9亿,赣北鄱阳湖地区7月份以来的降雨量比去年少8成,不少地方因缺水不能栽插二晚,影响中稻孕穗。干旱伴随着高温,又诱发火灾、农作物病虫害和人类各种疾病等多种灾害。由于我国生态脆弱,自然灾害发生的频率高、强度大、危害重,因此,对当前出现的严重干旱,必须从立足当前、着眼长远的角度加以分析,并寻求对策。1干旱对社会和国民经济的直接影响中国水资源总量虽然居世… 相似文献
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Application of relative drought indices in assessing climate-change impacts on drought conditions in Czechia 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
M. Dubrovsky M. D. Svoboda M. Trnka M. J. Hayes D. A. Wilhite Z. Zalud P. Hlavinka 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,96(1-2):155-171
The common versions (referred to as self-calibrated here) of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) are calibrated and then applied to the same weather series. Therefore, the distribution of the index values is about the same for any weather series. We introduce here the relative SPI and PDSI, abbreviated as rSPI and rPDSI. These are calibrated using a reference weather series as a first step, which is then applied to the tested series. The reference series may result from either a different station to allow for the inter-station comparison or from a different period to allow for climate-change impact assessments. The PDSI and 1–24 month aggregations of the SPI are used here. In the first part, the relationships between the self-calibrated and relative indices are studied. The relative drought indices are then used to assess drought conditions for 45 Czech stations under present (1961–2000) and future (2060–2099) climates. In the present climate experiment, the drought indices are calibrated by using the reference station weather series. Of all drought indices, the PDSI exhibits the widest spectrum of drought conditions across Czechia, in part because it depends not only on precipitation (as does the SPI) but also on temperature. In our climate-change impact experiments, the future climate is represented by modifying the observed series according to scenarios based on five Global Climate Models (GCMs). Changes in the SPI-based drought risk closely follow the modeled changes in precipitation, which is predicted to decrease in summer and increase in both winter and spring. Changes in the PDSI indicate an increased drought risk at all stations under all climate-change scenarios, which relates to temperature increases predicted by all of the GCMs throughout the whole year. As drought depends on both precipitation and temperature, we conclude that the PDSI is more appropriate (when compared to the SPI) for use in assessing the potential impact of climate change on future droughts. 相似文献
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2009/2010年云贵地区（YGR）和2013年夏季中南地区（CSC）发生了近几十年以来最严重的干旱事件。文中对比了两次干旱事件的发展速度,基于水分收支原理,诊断影响干旱发展的物理过程。结果显示,CSC干旱发展前,温度升高,蒸散发增加,土壤湿度减少,高温和降水减少对干旱有触发作用;而YGR的降水减少使干旱开始发展。CSC干旱事件发展迅速,YGR干旱事件发展缓慢,同时前者干旱的维持和恢复时间也短于后者,这些差异与蒸散发过程强弱有关。CSC干旱事件发展阶段,蒸散发过程强,平均为4.7 mm/d,8 d时间,土壤湿度从45%减少到20%,促使干旱快速形成（典型骤发干旱）。YGR干旱发展阶段,蒸散发过程弱,平均为1.7 mm/d,土壤湿度从45%减少到20%历时2个多月（传统干旱）。蒸散发的强弱主要与区域大气柱的水汽净辐散有关。CSC干旱发展阶段,其大气柱水汽净辐散达每天3.1 kg/m2,增强了陆气水分交换,使蒸散发远大于降水,土壤湿度快速下降,加快干旱发展速度。YGR的区域大气柱水汽净辐散为每天1.1 kg/m2,只有CSC的1/3,使干旱发展缓慢。两个干旱事件的大气柱水汽净辐散主要发生在经向方向,即由区域北界相对较强的经向水汽输送引起。 相似文献
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Tree-ring data from Slovakia are used to reconstruct decadal-scale fluctuations of the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) over 1744–2006. The ring width chronology correlates at 0.58 (annual) and 0.88 (decadal) with regional-scale (48–50°N and 18–20°E) summer (June–August) scPDSI variations (1901–2002). Driest and wettest years common to the tree-ring and target data are 1947, 1948, 1964, and 1916, 1927, 1938, 1941, respectively. The model indicates decadal-scale drought ~1780–1810, 1850–1870, 1940–1960, and during the late twentieth century. The wettest period occurred ~1745–1775. Instrumental measurements and documentary evidence allow the reconstructed drought extremes to be verified and also provide additional insights on associated synoptic drivers and socioeconomic impacts. Comparison of anomalous dry conditions with European-scale fields of 500 hPa geopotential height retains positive pressure anomalies centered over Central Europe leading to atmospheric stability, subsidence and dry conditions. Negative mid-tropospheric geopotential height anomalies over Western Europe are connected with anomalous wet conditions over Slovakia. Nine existing, annually resolved hydro-climatic reconstructions from Central Europe, which were herein considered for comparison with the Slovakian findings, reveal significant high- to low-frequency coherency among the majority of records. Differences between the Slovakian and the other reconstructions are most evident at the end of the nineteenth century. 相似文献
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Uncertainties in historical changes and future projections of drought. Part I: estimates of historical drought changes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
How drought may change in the future are of great concern as global warming continues. In Part I of this study, we examine the uncertainties in estimating recent drought changes. Substantial uncertainties arise in the calculated Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiraiton (PDSI_pm) due to different choices of forcing data (especially for precipitation, solar radiation and wind speed) and the calibration period. After detailed analyses, we recommend using the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) or the Global Precipitation Climatology (GPCP) datasets over other existing land precipitation products due to poor data coverage in the other datasets since the 1990s. We also recommend not to include the years after 1980 in the PDSI calibration period to avoid including the anthropogenic climate change as part of the natural variability used for calibration. Consistent with reported declines in pan evaporation, our calculated potential evapotranspiration (PET) shows negative or small trends since 1950 over the United States, China, and other regions, and no global PET trends from 1950 to 1990. Updated precipitation and streamflow data and the self-calibrated PDSI_pm all show consistent drying during 1950–2012 over most Africa, East and South Asia, southern Europe, eastern Australia, and many parts of the Americas. While these regional drying trends resulted primarily from precipitation changes related to multi-decadal oscillations in Pacific sea surface temperatures, rapid surface warming and associated increases in surface vapor pressure deficit since the 1980s have become an increasingly important cause of widespread drying over land. 相似文献
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The impracticality of a universal drought definition 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Benjamin Lloyd-Hughes 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(3-4):607-611
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Analysis of meteorological drought episodes in Paraguay 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper analyzes the meteorological drought events in Paraguay in the period of 1964 to 2011, using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The objective is to determine if the frequency and/or severity of droughts has increased or decreased in the last years, in response of climate change. They The southernmost parts of the country are affected by severe droughts producing damage to soybean and corn crop during the rainy season (October–March) especially during the summer of 2008–2009. The years of 1967, 1968, 1978, 1979, 2000 and 2008 was identified as severe to extreme drought events and coincides with La Niña event. However, the relationship between all drought events, especially those agricultural droughts and La Niña is not clear, suggesting the necessity of new research, focusing on new drivers to explain the cause of the droughts. The economy of Paraguay, based for good part on agriculture, is clearly vulnerable to droughts. Even though no undeniable increasing trend in drought frequency/severity was detected, contingency plans to diminish drought impacts ought to be elaborated. 相似文献