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利用郑州站雷暴日观测资料,分析了郑州雷电活动的气候特征;使用2004—2006年郑州站探空资料计算了强天气威胁指数、最有利抬升指数等环境参数,分别探讨了单个环境参数和多个环境参数组合与郑州雷电天气之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)单个环境参数在一定的取值范围内与雷电活动具有相关性,但不能完全反映雷电活动特征;(2)多参数综合可在一定程度上反映雷电活动的特征,雷电活动出现的几率随着有利环境参数的个数增多而显著增大。应用多元线性回归方法建立了郑州雷电概率潜势预报方程,方程通过了α=0.05的显著性水平检验;采用郑州地区ADTD闪电监测资料对2008年6-8月业务试运行结果进行评估,雷电概率预报的TS评分达到63.6%。该方法的建立为郑州市雷电天气的预报提供了客观、定量的参考依据。 相似文献
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利用2006—2015年6—8月章丘探空站逐日探空资料,计算了K指数、抬升指数、对流稳定度指数等6个环境参数,探讨了单个环境参数和多个环境参数组合与闪电活动的关系。结果表明：1）单个环境参数在一定数值范围内可作为闪电活动预报的指标,且较强的闪电活动更容易由大气的不稳定状态来预报;2）多个环境参数的组合可在一定程度上反映闪电活动的特征,闪电出现的概率随着达到大气不稳定临界值物理量参数个数的增多而增大,预报效果比单个参数更好;3）应用事件概率回归方法建立了闪电概率潜势预报方程,方程通过了α=0.01的显著性水平检验,通过检验和评估,闪电概率预报的TS评分达到78%,该方法的建立为闪电潜势预报提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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在利用对流参数建立湖北省雷电潜势预报的基础上,重点研究地基微波辐射计资料在改进雷电潜势预报中的应用价值,继而修正对流参数及其阈值区间,由此建立一种可通过后续参数订正实现的雷电短期潜势预报方法。首先对2013年4月29日一次西南涡东移造成的雷电过程中地基微波辐射计资料的可靠性进行了分析,继而通过比较基于单一数值模式和微波辐射计资料计算的不稳定参数与雷电活动的相关性后发现,85%以上的雷电样本活跃在K指数≥33 ℃、T850-500≥23 ℃、A指数≥10 ℃和ΔTd850≤3 ℃等指数范围内,而微波辐射计资料计算的6个不稳定指数显示,与雷电密集区对应的指数中,和雷电相关性较高的K指数、T850-500、A指数分别为35 ℃、25 ℃和12 ℃,使用两种阈值分别对雷电潜势预报方程中的预报因子进行0,1化。个例检验效果表明地基微波辐射计在改进雷电潜势预报落区和概率方面有一定参考作用。 相似文献
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通过对上海地区1998—2009年4—9月各类强对流天气的统计分析,选取42个对流参数及其时间变量,采用逐步回归方法建立了针对各类强对流天气的0～12h潜势预报方程。在此基础上,提出了基于关键对流参数进行分级的强对流潜势预报方法,选取K指数、SI指数、PWV(大气可降水含量)指数和θsedif85(500hPa和850hPa假相当位温差)等反映大气热力和水汽条件的关键对流参数,根据对流分布情况将各对流参数分别分为3个等级,并分级建立了针对不同强对流天气的潜势预报方程。与未分级方程对比表明:基于关键对流参数分级的预报方程对雷雨大风、强雷电和所有对流等预报效果上有明显提升,采用如下组合评分更佳:雷雨大风的预报采用SI分类方程,强雷电和所有对流采用PWV分类方程。将基于关键对流参数分级的强对流潜势预报方法在数值预报模式中进行了业务应用,取得了较好效果。 相似文献
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《浙江气象》2016,(3)
为提高镇海地区雷暴预报准确率,利用2009—2013年6—8月杭州、台州、衢州及上海站的探空资料选取有利雷暴发生的对流参数,如K指数、SI指数、LI指数等18个与雷暴发生、发展相关的物理量,通过分析发现杭州站与镇海地区雷暴发生的相关性最高,选取该站6个与雷暴发生相关性较好的参数,分析确立其阈值,运用多参数加权的权重法建立雷暴潜势预报模型。利用该模型在2014年6—8月进行雷暴预报检验,结果总准确率为78.7%,空报率为16.9%,漏报率为4.4%。同时将中尺度数值预报模式WRF同雷暴潜势预报相结合,通过计算各网格点上的雷暴潜势,制作雷暴落区预报,结果对于雷暴落区及强度的预报有较大的参考作用。 相似文献
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本文利用2013年和2014年7～8月NCEP1°×1°再分析数据和四川省雷电监测网观测资料,统计分析了雷电活动发生前最佳近地表四层(1000hPa、975hPa、950hPa和925hPa)等压面抬升指数、对流有效位能、K指数和850hPa假相当位温与雷电活动的相关关系。通过此次研究发现,对流参数在有雷电过程和无雷电过程中有明显差异,并且发现这四个对流参数和四川省雷电活动有较好的相关关系。通过此次研究得到了四川地区雷电活动对流参数预报指标,对已有雷电潜势预报有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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为了使用神经网络较好地解决在雷电潜势预报中常见的非线性问题,本文通过计算南京地区2008年6～8月46个对流参数与雷电发生的相关系数,选取了与雷电发生关系较好的刀、SI、CIN等7个对流参数作为BP神经网络的输入因子。利用2008年的资料所建立的BP神经网络模型,预报了南京地区2009年6～8月的雷暴活动潜势,结合实际雷暴发生情况,得到此模型的POD为80．9％,FAR为9．5％,CSI为74．5％,PDFD为2．9％,FOM为19．1％。表明该BP模型预报准确率较高,性能稳定,有较好的推广价值。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献