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1.
大兴安岭植被NDVI变化及其对气候的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用S-G(Savitsky-Golay)滤波对2000—2016年呼伦贝尔市境内的大兴安岭植被NDVI序列进行逐栅格重构并剔除突变点,结合大兴安岭海拔、坡向、坡度等地理因子和气温、降水等气象因子,分析大兴安岭植被生长季NDVI的变化及其对气候的响应。结果表明:大兴安岭植被NDVI生长季均值呈上升趋势,平均增速为0. 029/10 a。植被NDVI随海拔的增加呈现先缓慢减小后迅速增加的趋势,随坡向变化不大,随坡度的增加而增加。植被NDVI的生长季均值与1 a前和2 a年前的降水呈现显著的正相关,具有明显的滞后性。在每年植被恢复生长初期各海拔植被均与气温呈现极显著的正相关,年内植被NDVI与降水的相关性在垂直方向上存在较大差异。 相似文献
2.
为探讨气候变化对石羊河流域生态环境的影响，利用流域多年（1959-2018年）气象、水文和卫星遥感资料，采用线性倾向率、滑动t检验等方法,分析流域气温、降水、河流流量、植被覆盖、沙尘暴的变化事实及趋势，并使用相关系数（pearson）法研究气温和降水分别与环境要素的关系，得到气候变化对流域生态环境的影响程度。结果表明:气温呈显著上升趋势，增温速度为下游0.42℃．（10a）-1＞中游0.36℃．（10a）-1＞上游0.35℃．（10a）-1, 近10年增温最显著，较60年代升高了1.67℃。四季气温均呈显著上升趋势，增温速度为冬季＞秋季＞春季＞夏季。降水呈波浪略增加趋势，增幅为上游8.3mm．（10a）-1＞中游7.0mm．（10a）-1＞下游4.1mm．（10a）-1，近10年增加最显著，较60年代增加了17%。四季降水呈弱增加趋势，增加幅度为夏季＞春季＞秋季＞冬季。河流流量以波浪式持平变化；植被覆盖面积和归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）显著增大；沙尘暴频次显著减少，近10年较60年代减少了13.05d。流域气候暖湿化近20年较显著，气候变化有利于增加本地水资源总量、提高地表植被覆盖率、抑制沙尘暴的发生，对生态环境和大气环境质量改善有积极作用。 相似文献
3.
呼伦贝尔草原NDVI时空变化及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2001—2016年MODIS NDVI数据和气象站点资料,分析呼伦贝尔草原NDVI的时空变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明,呼伦贝尔草原NDVI整体呈上升趋势,平均倾向率为0.041·(10 a)-1,其中新巴尔虎右旗西北部、新巴尔虎左旗中部和陈巴尔虎旗西部等地增加显著;NDVI的年变化主要受降水驱动,两者呈极显著的正相关;生长季内,5月气温和5、6月总辐射与NDVI普遍呈正相关,北部草原达到显著或极显著水平,但之后逐渐转为负相关。NDVI与降水普遍呈正相关,5月下半月开始有台站达到显著或极显著水平,7月达到显著或极显著的台站数量最多,并存在明显滞后。生长季内,典型草原NDVI与降水显著或极显著正相关的台站次数明显多于草甸草原。 相似文献
4.
选取西藏藏北高原西部高寒草原植被、中部高寒草甸植被及东南部高寒灌丛草甸植被 3 种藏北地区最典型的植被类型, 结合临近 3 个气象观测站的资料, 分析这 3 种典型植被类型地区 1999—2001 年旬平均气温、旬总降水量和 SPOT VEGETATION 卫星 10 d 最大值合成归一化植被指数 (NDVI) 变化特征以及 3 种典型植被基于 SPOT VEGETATION NDVI 的生长变化对旬平均气温和旬总降水量两个主要气候要素变化的响应关系。 结果表明: 藏北地区降水资源的空间分布特点是东南部向西北部逐渐减少, 气温则由南向北逐渐递减, 与降水资源分布相反, 蒸发量西部高, 东部低; SPOT VEGETATION NDVI 能够较为准确地反映 3 种典型植被生长变化特征, 所反映的植被返青期和枯黄期等重要植被生长阶段与由积温计算的植被生长特征基本一致; 藏北地区基于 SPOT VEGETATION NDVI 的植被生长变化与气温的相关系数明显高于与降水的相关系数 , 其中以那曲为代表的高寒草甸植被的 NDVI 与旬气温和旬降水总量的相关系数最大, 分别为 0.81 和 0.68 , 表明藏北地区由于海拔高, 气候寒冷, 气温对该地区植被生长的影响明显高于降水的影响, 即该地区植被生长变化对气温的响应程度明显高于对降水的响应程度 , 是植被生长的限制性因素; 不同植被类型对气温和降水两个要素的响应程度大小依次是高寒草甸、高寒灌丛草甸和高寒草原。 相似文献
5.
《内蒙古气象》2019,(5)
文章选用1961—2018年内蒙古109个气象站的气温数据,采用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、气候倾向系数等方法,对内蒙古平均气温突变前后的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)1961—2018年内蒙古年平均气温的增暖趋势非常明显,时间序列在1990年前后发生突变,而且平均气温在突变前、后存在时间变化和空间变化。(2)四季平均气温均呈明显增温趋势,但存在季节差异。春季平均气温的增温速率为0.428℃/10a,高于全年平均水平,突变时间在1996年;夏季平均气温的增温速率为0.312℃/10a,近58a夏季平均气温上升约1.8℃,与其他季节相比突变时间最晚,发生在1998年;秋季平均气温的增温速率最小,为0.297℃/10a,近58a秋季平均气温上升1.7℃,气温突变时间在1989年;冬季平均气温的增温速率最大,为0.463℃/10a,近58a冬季平均气温上升2.7℃。(3)从58a的增温空间分布上看,增温幅度差异明显:突变前的30a里,大部地区年平均气温增温速率在0.20℃/10a以上,其中,赤峰市大部地区的增温趋势不显著,其余地区的年平均气温都是显著或极显著的增温趋势;突变后的28a里,大部分地区的年平均气温增温速率0.10℃/10a和0.20～0.40℃/10a,其中,呼伦贝尔市的大部、赤峰市的大部地区平均气温增温趋势不显著,其余地区都在显著或极显著的增温趋势。 相似文献
6.
研究黄河流域植被的时空变化及其影响因素,对生态文明建设政策的制定具有重要意义。基于2001~2020年MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)植被指数(Normalized Different Vegetation Index,NDVI)数据集及同期气象数据,运用均值法、一元线性回归、偏相关性分析和回归残差法等方法研究了近20年黄河流域植被时空变化及驱动因素。结果表明:黄河流域NDVI整体呈上升趋势并具有较大的空间异质性,其中黄河中游NDVI增长幅度最大,为0.0496(10 a)^(-1)。生长季受降水和沿黄灌区耕作的影响,西部地区、东南部区域和宁夏平原、河套平原植被指数明显较高;从整个流域来看,降水和温度变化对NDVI的贡献分别为32.6%和15.9%,其中降水对NDVI变化的贡献主要体现在黄河上游(50.7%),而温度的贡献则在黄河下游表现最突出(32.3%);20年来,人类活动和气候变化分别对黄河流域植被变化贡献了78%和22%,其中人类活动贡献率超过80%的区域主要集中在黄土高原中部区域;整个黄河流域NDVI与干旱程度有显著的正相关性,尤其在陇中黄土高原和河东沙区等区域。黄河上游NDVI与改进的帕默尔干旱指数scPDSI的相关性最高,而下游相对较低。 相似文献
7.
《内蒙古气象》2021,(1):3-9
近些年来,内蒙古呈现出干旱趋势。文章利用1961—2019年内蒙古107个气象站逐月降水资料和NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析数据,研究了内蒙古夏季降水的年代际变化特征,指出内蒙古夏季降水,尤其是东部地区(110°E以东)夏季降水在20世纪90年代中后期发生突变,夏季降水由前期(1983—1998年,P1阶段)偏多阶段转变为后期(1999—2011年,P2阶段)偏少阶段。分析表明:亚洲中高纬地区气温异常可能对内蒙古东部地区夏季降水年代际突变有显著影响,一方面,内蒙古东部地区夏季降水与亚洲中高纬地区气温有显著的负相关;另一方面,亚洲中高纬地区气温在20世纪末显著增高,升温幅度明显超过趋势变化。进一步分析表明,亚洲中高纬地区气温对我国北方大气环流有调制作用,在P1阶段,亚洲中高纬地区为负的温度距平,我国北方为气旋性环流异常,这一环流形势有利于内蒙古东部地区夏季降水增多;而在P2阶段,亚洲中高纬地区增暖显著,内蒙古上空被异常反气旋性环流控制,大陆高压偏强,导致内蒙古东部地区偏旱。 相似文献
8.
利用1982-2002年Pathfinder NDVI遥感数据, 采用REOF和倾向度趋势分析方法, 研究了5～6月青藏高原地表植被变化区域特征及与全球变暖的关系。21年来高原区域春末夏初植被变化存在明显的空间差异, 且存在一个位于高原南北呈带状分布的植被显著变化区域。该区域内植被对全球气温变暖响应显著, 与前期5月北半球平均气温相关系数达到0.7675, 通过0.001显著性水平检验; 植被NDVI随气温升高呈现出显著一致的增加趋势, 增长速率超过10%/10 a, 是全球变暖响应的显著区和敏感区。进一步的分析表明, 对植被全球变暖响应显著的区域基本上处于高山山脉或半荒漠NDVI值低于0.12覆盖度较低的区域。不同植被类型对变暖响应的对比表明, 草地对全球变暖响应明显高于林地, 其植被NDVI 21年约增加10%。 相似文献
9.
利用2000—2020年MOD13Q1和气象观测数据, 结合Sen趋势分析、M-K显著性检验、变异系数、Hurst指数、相关系数等对呼伦贝尔地区归一化植被指数(NDVI)时空变化及气候响应进行分析。结果表明: 呼伦贝尔地区多年生长季平均NDVI为0.63, 平均年变化倾向率为0.028/10 a, 大部分地区呈增加趋势, 其中大兴安岭森林大部及岭西耕地增加显著。呼伦贝尔地区生长季NDVI的平均变异系数为0.08, 其中呼伦贝尔草原西部的波动较大。Hurst指数表明, 呼伦贝尔地区生长季NDVI整体变化呈反持续性趋势, 结合现有NDVI变化趋势, 未来将呈下降趋势, 对生态环境的保护工作较为不利。大兴安岭森林生长季NDVI与气温呈正相关, 耕地与草原区呈负相关, 而呼伦贝尔大部分地区的生长季NDVI与降水普遍呈正相关, 其中呼伦贝尔草原和大兴安岭两麓耕地的生长季NDVI与降水相关显著, 说明气温是制约北部大兴安岭森林生长的主要因素, 而降水是制约呼伦贝尔草原生态平衡和农牧业发展的主要因素。 相似文献
10.
《高原气象》2018,(5)
选取河西西部地区及周边14个站点1958-2013年的气温、降水、相对湿度和风速等气象数据,运用多元线性回归模型、反距离加权插值和Mann-Kendall等方法,对其时空变化规律进行了较为系统地分析。结果表明,平均气温呈持续上升趋势,年际倾向率为0. 25℃·(10a)~(-1),以春季增温率最大,突变发生在1989年;空间上呈中部高、南北低的特点。降水量总体在波动中增加,年际倾向率为1.30mm·(10a)~(-1),秋季降水增加的倾向率最大,其突变点不显著;空间分布上西北少、东南多。相对湿度波动中略有增加,年际倾向率为0. 09%·(10a)~(-1),其中春季和夏季呈下降趋势,秋季和冬季则呈上升趋势,同时未发生明显突变;空间上自西向东呈增加趋势。平均风速变化阶段性显著,1985年前后发生明显的减小突变,突变前后均值相差0. 56 m·s~(-1),各季节中冬季突变前后均值差值最大;空间上自北向南逐渐减小。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
17.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
19.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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