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1.
Hongbin CHEN Jun LI Wenying HE Shuqing MA Yingzhi WEI Jidong PAN Yu ZHAO Xuefen ZHANG Shuzhen HU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(4):538-545
The solar-powered marine unmanned surface vehicle(USV) developed by the USV team of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics is a rugged, long-duration, and autonomous navigation vessel designed for the collection of longrange, continuous, real-time, meteorological and oceanographic measurements, especially under extreme sea conditions(sea state 6–7). These solar-powered USVs completed a long-term continuous navigation observation test over 26 days.During this time, they coordinated double-USV observations and actively navigated into the path of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020) before collecting data very close to its center during the 2020 USV South China Sea Typhoon Observation Experiment. Detailed high temporal resolution(1 min) real-time observations collected by the USV on the typhoon were used for operational typhoon forecasting and warning for the first time. As a mobile meteorological and oceanographic observation station capable of reliable, automated deployment, data collection, and transmission, such solar-powered USVs can replace traditional observation platforms to provide valuable real-time data for research, forecasting, and early warnings for potential marine meteorological disasters. 相似文献
2.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
3.
The coastal area of southern China is frequently affected by marine meteorological disasters,and is also one of the key areas that influence the short-term climate change of China.Due to a lack of observational facilities and techniques,little has been done in this area in terms of operational weather monitoring and scientific research on atmospheric and marine environment.With the support of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Guangdong Meteorological Bureau (GMB),the Marine Meteorological Science Experiment Base (MMSEB) at Bohe,Maoming has been jointly established by Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology (GITMM) and Maoming Meteorological Bureau (MMB) of Guangdong Province after three years of hard work.It has become an integrated coastal observation base that is equipped with a complete set of sophisticated instruments.Equipment maintenance and data quality control procedures have been implemented to ensure the long-term,steady operation of the instruments and the availability of high quality data.Preliminary observations show that the data obtained by the MMSEB reveal many interesting features in the boundary layer structure and air-sea interaction in such disastrous weather as typhoons and sea fog.The MMSEB is expected to play an important role in the scientific research of disastrous weather related to marine meteorology. 相似文献
4.
CHEN Lianshou 《大气科学进展》2004,21(3):505-514
There has been much progress in the study of tropical cyclones and tropical meteorology in China in the past few years. A new atmospheric field experiment of tropical cyclone landfall with the acronym of CLATEX (China Landfalling Typhoon Experiment) was implemented in July-August 2002. The boundary layer characteristics of the target typhoon Vongfong and the mesoscale structural features of other landfalling typhoons were studied. In addition, typhoon track operational forecasting errors in the last decade have been reduced because the operational monitoring equipment and forecast techniques were improved.Some results from the research program on tropical cyclone landfall, structure and intensity change, intensification near coastal waters, interaction between tropical cyclone and mid-latitude circulation, and the interaction among different scales of motion are described in this paper. Four major meteorological scientific experiments in China with international cooperation were implemented in 1998: the South China Sea monsoon field experiment (SCSMEX), the Tibetan Plateau field experiment (TIPEX), the Huaihe River basin energy and water cycle experiment (HUBEX), and the South China heavy rain scientific experiment(HUAMEX). Although these field experiments have different scientific objectives, they commonly relate to monsoon activities and they interact with each other. The valuable intensive observation data that were obtained have already been shared internationally. Some new findings have been published recently.Other research work in China, such as the tropical air-sea interaction, tropical atmospheric circulation,and weather systems, axe reviewed in this paper as well. Some research results have shown that the rainfall anomalies for different regions in China were closely related to the stages of E1 Nifio events. 相似文献
5.
The Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES), a limited-area
regional model, was used to simulate the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon. In view of the
relatively insufficient information about the initial field in simulation predictions, the Advanced
Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) data from a NOAA satellite were introduced to improve the initial
values. By directly using the 3-dimensional variational data assimilation system of GRAPES, two schemes
for assimilation tests were designed. In the design, Test 1 (T1) assimilates both sounding and AMSU-B
data, and Test 2 (T2) assimilates only the conventional sounding data, before applying the model in
simulation forecasts. Comparative experiments showed that the model was very sensitive to initial fields
and successful in reproducing the monsoon onset, allocation of high- and low-level wind fields during the
pentad of onset, and the northward advancement of the monsoon and monsoon rain bands. The scheme,
however, simulated rainfall and the location of the subtropical high with deviations from observations. The
simulated location of the subtropical high was more westward and northward and the simulated rainfall for
the South China Sea was larger and covered a broader area. 相似文献
6.
The South China Sea warm pool interacts vigorously with the summer monsoon which is active
in the region. However, there has not been a definition concerning the former warm pool which is as specific as
that for the latter. The seasonal and inter-annual variability of the South China Sea warm pool and its relations
to the South China Sea monsoon onset were analyzed using Levitus and NCEP/NCAR OISST data. The results
show that, the seasonal variability of the South China Sea warm pool is obvious, which is weak in winter, develops
rapidly in spring, becomes strong and extensive in summer and early autumn, and quickly decays from
mid-autumn. The South China Sea warm pool is 55 m in thickness in the strongest period and its axis is oriented
from southwest to northeast with the main section locating along the western offshore steep slope of
northern Kalimantan-Palawan Island. For the warm pools in the South China Sea, west Pacific and Indian
Ocean, the oscillation, which is within the same large scale air-sea coupling system, is periodic around 5 years.
There are additional oscillations of about 2.5 years and simultaneous inter-annual variations for the latter two
warm pools. The intensity of the South China Sea warm pool varies by a lag of about 5 months as compared to
the west Pacific one. The result also indicates that the inter-annual variation of the intensity index is closely
related with the onset time of the South China Sea monsoon. When the former is persistently warmer (colder) in
preceding winter and spring, the monsoon in the South China Sea usually sets in on a later (earlier) date in
early summer. The relation is associated with the activity of the high pressure over the sea in early summer. An
oceanic background is given for the prediction of the South China Sea summer monsoon, though the mechanism
through which the warm pool and eventually the monsoon are affected remains unclear. 相似文献
7.
《中国气象科学研究院年报》2001,(1)
Resesearch on the Formation Mechanism and the Prediction Theory of Hazardous Weather was carried out in Shanghai and 6 provinces in the lower and middle reaches of the Changjiang River. The experiment was chaired by Administrator Qing Dahe and organized by the project chief scientist Ni Yunqi. In this field experiment, a great deal of sounding equipment and facilities is used: the operational system and the digital radar observation system of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the intensive observation network of 14 radiosonde stations and over 100 surface observation stations in Shanghai and 6 provincial 相似文献
8.
The upper-ocean responses to Typhoon Megi(2010)are investigated using data from ARGO floats and the satellite TMI.The experiments are conducted using a three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model(POM)to assess the storm,which affected the Northwest Pacific Ocean(NWP)and the South China Sea(SCS).Results show that the upwelling and entrainment experiment together account for 93% of the SST anomalies,where typhoon-induced upwelling may cause strong ocean cooling.In addition,the anomalous SST cooling is stronger in the SCS than in the NWP.The most striking feature of the ocean response is the presence of a two-layer inertial wave in the SCS—a feature that is absent in the NWP.The near-inertial oscillations can be generated as typhoon wakes,which have maximum flow velocity in the surface mixed layer and may last for a few days,after the typhoon's passage.Along the typhoon tracks,the horizontal currents in the upper ocean show a series of alternating negative and positive anomalies emanating from the typhoon. 相似文献
9.
Based on tropical cyclone datasets from Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP, USA) reanalysis data and the rainfall records from 743 stations in China, the impacts of cyclogenesis number over the South China Sea and the western Pacific are studied on the 30-60-day oscillations in the precipitation of Guangdong during the flooding period. The year with more-than-normal (less-than-normal) tropical cyclogenesis is defined as a ‘high year’ (‘low year’). In light of the irregular periodic oscillations, the method used to construct the composite life cycle is based on nine consecutive phases in each of the cycles. Phases 1, 3, 5, and 7 correspond to, respectively, the time when precipitation anomalies reach the minimum, a positive transition (negative-turning-to-positive) phase, the maximum, and a negative transition phase. The results showed that the precipitation of the 30-60-day oscillations is associated with the interaction between a well-organized eastward propagation system from the Arabian Sea/Bay of Bengal and a westward-propagating system (with cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies in the northwest-southeast direction) from the South China Sea to western Pacific during the high years, whereas the precipitation is affected during a low year by the circulation over the South China Sea and western Pacific (with cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies in the northeast-southwest direction). During the high year, the warm and wet air mass from the ocean to the west and south are transported to Guangdong by westerly anomalies and an enclosed latitudinal cell, which ascends in the Northern Hemisphere low latitudes and descends in the Southern Hemisphere low latitudes. During the low year, the warm and wet air mass from the ocean to the south is transported to Guangdong by southwesterly wind anomalies and local ascending movements. Because the kinetic energy, westerly, easterly shift, vertical velocity and vapor transportation averaged over (109–119° E, 10–20° N) is stronger in high years than those in low years, the precipitation of the 30-60-day oscillations in Guangdong is higher in high years than that in low years. 相似文献
10.
Hindcast Experiment of Extraseasonal Short-Term Summer Climate Prediction over China with RegCM3_IAP9L-AGCM 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The regional climate model RegCM3 has been one-way nested into IAP9L-AGCM,the nine-level atmospheric general circulation model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,to perform a 20-yr(1982-2001)hindcast experiment on extraseaonal short-term prediction of China summer climate.The nested prediction system is referred to as RegCM3_IAP9L-AGCM in this paper.The results show that hindcasted climate fields such as 500-hPa geopotential height,200-and 850-hPa zonal winds from RegCM3_IAP9L-AGCM have positive anomaly correlation coefficients (ACCs) with the observations,andare better than those from the stand-alone IAP9L-AGCM.Except for the 850-hPa wind field,the positive ACCs of the other two fields with observations both pass the 90% confidence level and display a zonal distribution.The results indicate that the positive correlation of summer precipitation anomaly percentage between the nested prediction system and observations covers most parts of China except for downstream of the Yangtze River and north of Northeast and Northwest China.The nested prediction system and the IAP9L-AGCM exhibit different hindcast skills over different regions of China,and the former demonstrates a higher skill over South China than the latter in predicting the summer precipitation. 相似文献
11.
介绍了由我国自主研制的、基于北斗导航通信卫星的、集海洋水文要素和气象要素一体观测的、在恶劣海况条件下能进行连续、可靠观测的海洋气象漂流观测仪,及其在多个海域开展实际的外海观测试验情况。2017年8月20日至9月5日,三台漂流观测仪在广东博贺海洋气象综合试验基地,经历了2017年第13号台风天鸽和第14号台风帕卡两次台风天气过程。对试验期间获取的台风天气过程中气温、气压、海温等观测数据的分析表明,漂流观测仪所获得的观测数据与相关国家级业务观测站点的观测数据具有较好的相关性,揭示了台风天气过程的明显特征,并表现出合理、清晰的日变化特征。上述试验表明,国产海洋气象漂流观测仪已具备在恶劣海况下进行实际观测的能力。 相似文献
12.
台风及海洋气象一体化预报平台为面向台风和海洋气象业务的预报预警服务的支撑系统,集数据采集、转换、预报、分析、产品制作、发布等功能于一体。该平台基于人机交互气象信息处理和天气预报制作系统MICAPS4（Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Processing System Version 4）框架开发,结合台风、海洋气象新型的观测和预报数据,实现台风、海洋气象数据的集约化检索与显示、精细化格点编辑、台风和海洋气象产品制作、产品发布等功能。台风及海洋气象一体化预报平台设计基于面向服务和分层体系结构,采用组件化设计方法,涵盖数据解析、分析处理、产品制作、交互工具、配置管理等核心组件,形成可扩展的业务功能模块和二次开发接口,目前已作为中央气象台台风海洋气象预报预警业务的主要平台投入使用。 相似文献
13.
利用中央气象台台风实时业务定位资料和地面气象观测资料对2020年西北太平洋和南海的台风活动主要特征以及主要影响我国的台风路径、强度及风雨情况进行了统计分析。2020年西北太平洋和南海共有23个台风生成,较多年平均值（27.0个）偏少4.0个;有5个台风登陆我国,较多年平均值（7.0个）偏少2.0个。2020年台风活动的主要特征有：台风生成源地明显偏西;生成总数偏少,极值强度偏弱;7月“空台”,是1949年以来历史首次;8月台风活跃,出现多个近海快速增强的台风;8月下旬至9月上旬,3个台风连续北上影响我国东北地区,历史罕见;10月生成的台风个数较常年偏多,先后影响我国南海或中南半岛。 相似文献
14.
15.
茂名博贺海洋气象科学试验基地建设与观测进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
华南海岸带地区是我国海洋气象灾害天气频发地区,也是影响我国短期气候变化的关键地区之一。由于过去缺乏相关的观测设施和技术,业务监测和科学研究基础都十分薄弱。在中国气象局和广东省气象局大力支持下,经过广州热带海洋气象研究所和广东省茂名市气象局三年来的努力,茂名博贺海洋气象科学试验基地已初步成为一个设备先进、功能齐全的海岸带海洋气象综合观测基地。为了保障观测设备的长期稳定运行和观测数据的质量,采取了一系列的设备维护和数据质量评估措施。观测个例显示数据能较好地反映台风和海雾的边界层结构以及海气相互作用特征,可在海洋气象灾害天气的科学研究中发挥作用。 相似文献
16.
利用中央气象台台风实时业务资料、自动气象站观测资料以及卫星云图等对2021年西北太平洋及南海台风活动的主要特征和影响我国台风的路径、强度及风雨影响进行分析和回顾。结果表明:2021年西北太平洋及南海台风生成个数偏少,生成源地整体偏西;台风强度偏弱,但有多个台风出现了快速增强,其中台风“烟花”“灿都”的24 h强度增幅达40 m·s-1,为近30 a少见;2021年先后有5个台风登陆我国,另有2个台风影响我国。在登陆台风中,4个登陆华南的台风强度均弱于历史平均值。所有登陆台风在登陆后的维持时间都明显高于历史均值,特别是台风“烟花”为历史上登陆华东后维持时间最长的台风,给我国带来了严重的灾害影响。 相似文献
17.
为满足对海量气象数据管理和服务的需求,国家气象信息中心设计开发了全国综合气象信息共享系统 (CIMISS)。该文描述了系统基本设计思路、功能结构、基础平台体系结构、信息流程,阐述了系统为用户提供的基础数据使用环境。系统由数据收集与分发系统、数据加工处理系统、数据存储管理系统、数据共享服务系统、业务监控系统5个业务子系统组成,承担数据收集、加工处理、存储管理、共享服务和业务监控任务。系统设计和开发采用了一系列现代信息技术,包括基于消息和文件共享的平台内信息交换、气象数据标准化分类、数据处理作业调度和算法的动态扩展、元数据的设计和应用、公共配置信息管理、全流程业务监视和调度控制、面向服务的多维度数据存储策略、全局数据访问视图和统一访问接口设计等。该系统为我国国家级和省级气象业务提供了统一规范的气象数据使用环境。 相似文献
18.
从电力气象服务需求出发,利用2001—2010年5—9月河北省南电网逐日电力日峰负荷、日谷负荷与对应时间的气象资料,探讨晴热天气和闷热天气对电力日峰负荷、日谷负荷的影响特征。分析发现持续3 d以上的闷热天气相对晴热天气使电力日峰负荷、日谷负荷增长更显著;日最高气温32℃是引起河北省南电网日峰负荷增长的初始气温敏感点,35℃为强气温敏感点,38℃为极强气温敏感点,日最低气温25℃为引起日谷负荷增加的敏感气温临界点;建立了引入积温热累积效应的日峰负荷、日谷负荷多元回归气象预测模型,经2011—2013年应用检验,日峰负荷、日谷负荷预测平均相对误差分别为4.8%和3.5%,提高了预测准确率,对电力调度具有参考价值。 相似文献