共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
选取番茄品种“金冠5号”为试材,在日光温室中利用遮阳网设计不同寡照(光合有效辐射,PAR<200μmol·m^-2·s^-1)持续日数(0、1、3、5、7、9 d)及正常光照条件下的恢复试验,研究寡照胁迫对番茄开花座果、产量形成及果实品质的影响。结果表明:持续寡照胁迫造成番茄开花期推迟,开花数和单穗果实数减少,座果率降低,寡照胁迫7—9 d,番茄花期推迟一周左右;寡照胁迫还导致番茄单果重、单株产量、果实直径降低,非商品果率增加,寡照9 d处理番茄单果重、单株产量、果实直径分别较CK低0.04 kg、1.80 kg和1.10 cm,非商品果率较CK高3.1%;寡照胁迫下,番茄单株产量与植株叶片数,叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合速率等光合参数均呈显著正相关,而与叶片胞间CO 2浓度呈负相关;番茄果实维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量随寡照胁迫持续时间增加而降低;而番茄果实抗坏血酸含量、有机酸含量和总酸度则相反,且寡照胁迫持续时间越长,番茄果实抗坏血酸含量、有机酸含量和总酸度越高。研究结论可为定量评估寡照灾害对设施番茄开花座果、产量及品质的影响提供一定依据。 相似文献
2.
本研究以塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线生物防护林为研究对象,研究防护林三种主要建林植物不同器官的C,N含量及其生物量,进而估算其C, N固存能力及固碳释氧价值。结果显示：沙拐枣每个器官的生物量均显著高于梭梭和柽柳(P<0.05),个体的总生物量是梭梭和柽柳的2-3倍。整个防护林在建林8年后的总生物量达到116786.4 t。C,N含量在不同器官中的含量不尽相同,三种植物均表现为凋落物C含量最低。而植物叶中的N含量均显著高于枝,凋落物和根系(P<0.05)。建林8年后梭梭单株的固碳量为1404.6g,固氮量为201.5g,柽柳单株的固碳量为1449.7g,固氮量为195.4g,沙拐枣单株的固碳量和固氮量显著高于其他两种,分别为3979.8g,为520.9g,(P<0.05)。建林8年后整个防护林的总固碳植为35886.3 t,总固氮值为4917.7 t。整个防护林的固碳总价值为22555.3万元,释氧价值为50320万元,总的固碳释氧价值达72875.3万元。 相似文献
3.
我国东部夏季一次强对流活动过程中对流层上部大气成分变化的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用星载微波临边遥感探测结果,对2006年6月28～29日江淮地区的一次强对流天气过程中对流层上部一氧化碳 (CO) 、臭氧 (O3) 、水汽 (H2O) 和冰水含量 (IWC) 的分布特点进行了研究.强对流天气过程前后的对比分析表明,CO混合比增大,在200 hPa处增加了0.12 ppm (1 ppm=10-6);O3混合比减小,在70 hPa处减少了0.30 ppm;H2O混合比在250 hPa处增加了400 ppm;IWC在强降水发生之前有大幅增长,在200 hPa处最大含量可达0.03 g/m3.CO和O3含量与垂直运动速度两者的相关变化表明,对流垂直输送作用可能是造成对流层上层和平流层低层大气成分变化的机制之一.而H2O和IWC含量的增加主要局限于对流层顶以下,这表明对流层上部水物质的质量和形态是由垂直输送作用和对流系统内部的微物理过程共同决定的. 相似文献
4.
山夫 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1988,(5)
二氧化碳遍及整个地球系统.它不是被动地存在于地球系统中,而是作为海洋、大气和生物圈中碳循环的中介物质.从CO_2的循环特点方面可以看出,海洋和生物圈中的CO_2的交换是基本平衡的,而人类燃烧矿物燃料却使大气中CO_2含量持续增加.根据美国的两个观测记录最长的测站(在夏威夷群岛)资料可见,自1958年以来,CO_2增加了10%以上.据研究指出,在工业革命前,CO_2的含量是270-290ppm,现在达340ppm,估计到二十一世纪中期将上升到600ppm. 按CO_2变化量的估计值推断的全球性增 相似文献
5.
LI-7500分析仪仪器表面加热效应对开路式涡动相关系统CO2通量观测结果影响显著,利用Burba校正方法对提高观测站CO2通量观测精度、年净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)估算、全球CO2交换量估算和气候变化模拟等具有重要意义.基于临泽站绿洲玉米农田的开路式涡动相关系统和小气候观测系统所获得的一年数据,利用Burba校正方法分别对LI-7500分析仪光路中的感热通量、大气潜热通量、CO2通量以及NEE的季节变化过程进行了修正.结果表明,LI-7500分析仪底部窗口和支杆部分热量交换是光路中感热通量校正量的主要贡献者,平均分别为6.81 W·m-2和2.68 W·m-2,其加热效应主要来源于太阳辐射和电子元件运行产生的热量;加热效应对潜热通量影响最小,平均校正量仅为0.24 W·m-2;Burba校正对CO2通量和NEE的季节变化影响显著,其平均校正量分别为19.14μg· CO2·m-2·s-1和313.21 mg·C·m-2·d-1,而且气温越低加热效应对通量的影响越显著;除生长季空气中水汽浓度显著高于非生长季而导致潜热校正量较大外,生长季其他各通量的校正量明显小于非生长季,生长季光路中感热、周围大气潜热、CO2通量和NEE日校正量分别为6.94 W·m-2、0.33 W·m-2、12.86 μg·CO2·m-2·s-1和161.58mg·C· r-2·d-1,分别是非生长季的60.4％,220.0％,50.6％和37.4％.若未进行仪器表面加热效应的Burba校正,在生长季和非生长季累计高估的绿洲玉米农田生态系统碳吸收量分别为25.85 g·C·m-2和88.47 g·C·m-2. 相似文献
6.
山葡萄的品质决定着葡萄酒的质量,葡萄浆果糖度决定着葡萄品质。葡萄成熟过程中浆果含糖量和含酸量是相互制约的,含糖量主要呈对数略显“S”型变化,含酸量呈指数曲线型变化。将成熟期葡萄浆果含糖量作为葡萄品质的评价指标,利用通化产区19952016年成熟期山葡萄浆果含糖量的实测数据与气象条件进行相关分析,得出山葡萄品质与5月9月上旬积温、7月8月日照时数、5月9月上旬水热系数、8月9月上旬积温关系密切,相关关系均通过了α为0.05或0.01的显著性检验。利用多元回归统计方法建立了山葡萄品质气象预测预报模型,模型的判定系数R^2为0.815,通过了α=0.01的显著性检验。模型的拟合检验平均误差百分率为3.91%。利用2017年、2018年资料对模型进行试报检验,误差百分率分别为1.59%和3.79%。模型具有较高的准确率,能够满足通化产区山葡萄栽培对气象预报和服务的需求。 相似文献
7.
利用三维积层混合云人工增雨数值模式对2002年7月11日的一次天气过程进行了由播撒液态CO2引起的微物理量变化及云动力影响的数值模拟。结果表明:播撒后,云中最大上升气流速度增大,由未播撒时的0.37 m/s增大到播撒后的0.54 m/s,播撒使云中出现最大上升速度W的时间比未播撒提前了4 min,表明播撒液态CO2影响了云的动力过程。同时与未播撒相比:云中雨水含量最大值由1.04 g/kg增加到1.40 g/kg;冰粒子含水量的出现提前了88 min,最大值的出现提前了76min;冰粒子浓度的出现提前了72 min,最大值的出现提前了72 min;雪粒子含水量的出现提前了72 min,最大值的出现提前了128 min;云水含量最大值由1.21 g/kg减小到0.87 g/kg。证明了播撒液态CO2后可影响云的微物理过程,从而导致地面降水的增加。 相似文献
8.
何吉成 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(4):281-287
基于中国民航部门逐年统计数据,计算了1960—2009年中国民航飞机的CO2逐年排放量,分析了中国民航飞机CO2排放强度及其变化特点。结果表明:中国民航飞机CO2总排放量由1960年的12.0万t增至2009年的4144万t;CO2排放强度呈明显的降低趋势,由1960年的2.9 kg/换算吨公里降至2009年的0.96 kg/换算吨公里,年均降低0.04 kg/换算吨公里。中国民航飞机的CO2排放量占整个交通运输仓储和邮政行业CO2排放量的比例较低,仅占6.6%,占全国化石燃料燃烧CO2排放量的比例也很小,平均只有0.25%。 相似文献
9.
针对当前东北地区过量施氮的问题,研究减量施氮对春玉米生长发育、产量及籽粒品质的影响,对优化氮肥的科学管理技术,促进春玉米生产绿色高效发展具有重要意义。本研究以丹玉405为试验材料,通过大田播种的方式,以农民习惯性施氮量为对照,设置11.1%、55.5%和100%三个水平减量施氮试验,分析春玉米生长发育、产量和籽粒品质对减量施氮的响应机制。结果表明：玉米苗期,减氮导致生长发育指标（株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、生物量干、鲜重、叶片比重等）均减少,不利于地上部的生长和干物质向叶片分配,随着减氮量的增加,减少幅度增加。苗期以后,适量减氮促进玉米地上部的生长,株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、生物量和叶片占比等生物学性状有增加趋势。适量减氮导致果穗长、果穗粗、百粒重、理论产量、籽粒含水量和淀粉含量增加,籽粒脂肪含量减少,氨基酸和粗蛋白含量呈先增加后减少。随着减氮量的增加,果穗长、果穗粗、百粒重和理论产量增加幅度均减小,籽粒含水量和淀粉含量增加幅度增大,脂肪含量减少幅度减小。减氮11.1%时,果穗长、果穗粗和理论产量增加幅度最大,分别为1.9%、3.7%和11.5%。当施氮量为240 kg·hm-2（减氮11.1%）时,玉米产量达到最大,为945.4 g·m-2,籽粒脂肪含量最少,为2.4 g·100 g-1;氨基酸含量最大,为83.9 μmol·g-1;粗蛋白含量最高,为6.8%。研究结果可为当地的玉米生产提供更加完善的施肥管理,指导农户科学施肥。 相似文献
10.
珠穆朗玛峰北坡高寒草甸生态系统CO2通量日变化与月变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用涡度相关法,对珠穆朗玛峰北坡高寒草甸生长季与非生长季(2005年5～7月、10月、11月及2006年2月、3月)的CO2通量进行了观测.分析结果表明,在生长季,CO2通量存在明显的日变化,08:00～19:00(北京时,下同)为CO2净吸收,20:00～09:00为C02净排放.6月,CO2通量峰值出现在11:00左右为-0.61g·m-2·h-1;而7月,CO2通量峰值出现在14:00,达到-0.86g·m-2·h-1.从月变化来看,5月为CO2净排放,月总量为89g·CO2·m-2,6月和7月均为CO2净吸收阶段,月吸收总量分别为70g·CO2·m-2和104g·CO2·m-2;而10月,植物枯黄,生态系统转为碳排放,月排放量约为50g·CO2·m-2,与次年3月份月总量(52g·Co2·m-2)接近,而11月份与次年2月份的月排放量接近(分别是23g·CO2·m-2,25g·CO2·m-2).非生长季(2月)CO2通量日变化振幅很小,除14:00～19:00少量的CO2净排放外(0.14g·m-2·h-1左右),其余时间CO2接近零. 相似文献
11.
以番茄品种“金冠5号”为试验材料, 利用2015—2019年山东省农科院日光温室中不同层数的遮阳网模拟不同寡照(PAR≤200 μmol·m-2·s-1)持续日数(0 d、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d), 观测番茄开花后各穗花开花期(Blooming Date, BD)、开花数(Number of Flowers, NoF)、开花率(Flower Rate, FR)、坐果率(Fruit Setting Rate, FSR), 分析寡照胁迫对番茄开花坐果特性的影响, 并基于温光效应(Accumulated Photo-thermal effectiveness, APTE)建立寡照胁迫对番茄开花坐果特性影响的模拟模型, 对其进行验证, 并与PAR日积分法(PAR)构建的模型进行对比。结果表明: 寡照胁迫下, 番茄六穗花开花期不同程度推迟, 尤其是遭受寡照胁迫直接影响的第二、第三穗花开花期推迟最明显, 幅度最大, 持续寡照7—9 d, 番茄第二穗花开花期较对照推迟一周左右; 番茄单穗果实数、坐果率均随寡照持续天数的增加呈降低趋势, 寡照持续时间越长、降幅越大; 基于APTE构建的模型明显提高了寡照胁迫下番茄开花坐果特性的预测精度, 与PAR法相比, 番茄第二、第三穗花BDC、NoFC、FRC和FSRC回归估计标准误差(RMSE)分别降低了25.5%、16.7%、21.2%、23.8%和31.4%、22.4%、25.2%、26.6%。 相似文献
12.
为了探讨寡照对日光温室黄瓜花果期生长发育、产量和品质的影响,以黄瓜品种“德瑞特L108”(Cucumis sativusL. cv.Derit L108)为试材,通过不同遮阴日数（1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d）及恢复控制试验,研究寡照对日光温室黄瓜生长及果实品质的影响。结果表明：1）持续寡照日数超过5 d,黄瓜株高和茎粗生长受到显著影响,尤其是茎粗存在变细现象,7 d以上对植株生长影响不可逆。2）黄瓜果实横径、长度生长速率和果重受寡照影响程度存在一定差异,果实上下两端横径长势对寡照较为敏感,连续寡照3 d时影响即达显著水平,可导致上端横径生长速率降低0.87 mm·d-1,下端为0.73～0.99 mm·d-1;果实中部横径和长度增长速率在寡照5 d以上时影响达显著水平,生长速率降低0.88 mm·d-1和0.87～1.00 cm·d-1;与对照（以CK表示）相比,寡照3 d的单果重降低18.7 g,寡照日数每延长1 d,单果重降低2～3 g。3）果实的外观等级受寡照影响较大,1～5 d寡照,特级果比例降低9.4%～43.0%;持续寡照5 d以上二级果和坏果比例明显升高,连续寡照9 d,二级果和坏果比例达到20%和25%;寡照3 d以上,果实含水率与CK差异即达到显著性差异;维生素含量对寡照影响反映敏感,1～5 d寡照,果实维生素含量降低6%左右,7 d以上的寡照日数,则降低10%～13%;寡照持续日数超过5 d,花青素和有机酸含量影响较大;持续寡照日低于7 d时,可溶性糖含量对寡照影响敏感度相对较低,超过7 d其含量达到显著性差异,且寡照日每延长1 d,其含量降低4%。 相似文献
13.
温室黄瓜生育期模拟模型的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
根据黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）发育的光温反应过程,建立了基于生理发育时间的黄瓜生育期模拟模型,并利用不同品种的试验资料对模型进行了检验。结果表明,黄瓜从播种到第一批瓜成熟需积累生理发育时间30d,播种—幼苗、幼苗—伸蔓、伸蔓—开花、开花—结瓜、结瓜—成熟所需的生理发育时间分别为3、11、9、5、2d。发芽期、幼苗期、伸蔓期、开花期、结瓜期等各生育期持续时间的模拟值与实际观测值的回归估计标准误差（root mean squared error;RMSE）分别为0、2．6、1．7、0．8、2．1d,从播种到第一次采收的模拟值与观测值的RMSE为1．4d。而用有效积温法对发芽期、幼苗期、伸蔓期、开花期、结瓜期等各生育期持续时间的模拟值与实际观测值的RMSE分别为0．7、10．0、5．7、2．4、2．5d,从播种到第一次采收的模拟值与观测值的RMSE为22．0d。本模型比用有效积温法能更准确地预测黄瓜各个生育期的起止日期和黄瓜的收获期。 相似文献
14.
Ines Bamberger Brian Oney Dominik Brunner Stephan Henne Markus Leuenberger Nina Buchmann Werner Eugster 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2017,164(1):135-159
Mountain-top observations of greenhouse gas mixing ratios may be an alternative to tall-tower measurements for regional scale source and sink estimation. To investigate the equivalence or limitations of a mountain-top site as compared to a tall-tower site, we used the unique opportunity of comparing in situ measurements of methane (\(\hbox {CH}_{4}\)) and carbon dioxide (\(\hbox {CO}_{2}\)) mixing ratios at a mountain top (986 m above sea level, a.s.l.) with measurements from a nearby (distance 28.4 km) tall tower, sampled at almost the same elevation (1009 m a.s.l.). Special attention was given to, (i) how local wind statistics and greenhouse gas sources and sinks at the mountain top influence the observations, and (ii) whether mountain-top observations can be used as for those from a tall tower for constraining regional greenhouse gas emissions. Wind statistics at the mountain-top site are clearly more influenced by local flow systems than those at the tall-tower site. Differences in temporal patterns of the greenhouse gas mixing ratios observed at the two sites are mostly related to the influence of local sources and sinks at the mountain-top site. Major influences of local sources can be removed by applying a statistical filter (\(5{\mathrm{th}}\) percentile) or a filter that removes periods with unfavourable flow conditions. In the best case, the bias in mixing ratios between the mountain-top and the tall-tower sites after the application of the wind filter was \({-}0.0005\pm 0.0010\) ppm for methane (September, 0000–0400 UTC) and \(0.11\pm 0.18\) ppm for \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) (February, 1200–1600 UTC). Temporal fluctuations of atmospheric \(\hbox {CH}_{4}\) and \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) mixing ratios at both stations also showed good agreement (apart from \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) during summertime) as determined by moving bi-weekly Pearson correlation coefficients (up to 0.96 for \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) and 0.97 for \(\hbox {CH}_{4}\)). When only comparing mixing ratios minimally influenced by local sources (low bias and high correlation coefficients), our measurements indicate that mountain-top observations are comparable to tall-tower observations. 相似文献
15.
本文基于北京325米气象塔在47,140,和280米三层高度的5年涡动相关观测资料,研究了城市下垫面与大气间的CO2交换过程.由于北京市2011年开始实行工作日汽车尾号限行,140米高度CO2通量的年增长率由2008-2010年的7.8％降低到2010-2012年的2.3％.140米高度通量源区内植被比例最小且人口密度最大,因此140米高度的5年平均CO2通量年总量)6.41 kg C m-2 yr-1(大于47米)5.78 kg C m-2 yr-1(和280米)3.99 kg C m-2 yr-1(.在年尺度上,北京汽车总保有量和总人口是最重要的CO2通量控制因子.CO2通量随风向的变化主要与风向对应的通量源区内下垫面土地利用方式有关.三层高度的夏季CO2通量均与道路的比例呈正相关关系.47,140,和280米的决定系数分别为0.69,0.57,和0.54(P＜0.05).植被比例的下降,会导致CO2年总量上升,两者存在近似于指数的关系.城市人口密度的上升会引起CO2年总量上升. 相似文献
16.
Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Productivity of Corn and Winter Wheat in Their Primary United States Growing Regions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We calculate the impacts of climate effects inferred from three atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at three levels of climate change severity associated with change in global mean temperature (GMT) of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 °C and three levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) – 365 (no CO2 fertilization effect), 560 and 750 ppm – on the potential production of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for the primary (current) U.S. growing regions of each crop. This analysis is a subset of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) which has the goal of integrating the linkages and feedbacks among human activities and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, changes in atmospheric composition and resulting climate change, and impacts on terrestrial systems. A set of representative farms was designed for each of the primary production regions studied and the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) was used to simulate crop response to climate change. The GCMs applied were the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS), the United Kingdom Meteorological Transient (UKTR) and the Australian Bureau of Meteorological Research Center (BMRC), each regionalized by means of a scenario generator (SCENGEN). The GISS scenarios have the least impact on corn and wheat production, reducing national potential production for corn by 6% and wheat by 7% at a GMT of 2.5 °C and no CO2 fertilization effect; the UKTR scenario had the most severe impact on wheat, reducing production by 18% under the same conditions; BMRC had the greatest negative impact on corn, reducing production by 20%. A GMT increase of 1.0°C marginally decreased corn and wheat production. Increasing GMT had a detrimental impact on both corn and wheat production, with wheat production suffering the greatest losses. Decreases for wheat production at GMT 5.0 and [CO2] = 365 ppm range from 36% for the GISS to 76% for the UKTR scenario. Increases in atmospheric [CO2] had a positive impact on both corn and wheat production. AT GMT 1.0, an increase in [CO2] to 560 ppm resulted in a net increase in corn and wheat production above baseline levels (from 18 to 29% for wheat and 2 to 5% for corn). Increases in [CO2] help to offset yield reductions at higher GMT levels; in most cases, however, these increases are not sufficient to return crop production to baseline levels. 相似文献
17.
Methods for exploring management options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from tropical grazing systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. Mark Howden David H. White Greg M. Mckeon Joe C. Scanlan John O. Carter 《Climatic change》1994,27(1):49-70
Increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are expected to result in global climatic changes over the next decades. Means of evaluating and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are being sought. In this study an existing simulation model of a tropical savanna woodland grazing system was adapted to account for greenhouse gas emissions. This approach may be able to be used in identifying ways to assess and limit emissions from other rangeland, agricultural and natural ecosystems.GRASSMAN, an agricultural decision-support model, was modified to include sources, sinks and storages of greenhouse gases in the tropical and sub-tropical savanna woodlands of northern Australia. The modified model was then used to predict the changes in emissions and productivity resulting from changes in stock and burning management in a hypothetical grazing system in tropical northeastern Queensland. The sensitivity of these results to different Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) and emission definitions was then tested.Management options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the tropical grazing system investigated were highly sensitive to the GWPs used, and to the emission definition adopted. A recommendation to reduce emissions by changing burning management would be toreduce fire frequency if both direct and indirect GWPs of CO2, CH4, N2O, CO and NO are used in evaluating emissions, but toincrease fire frequency if only direct GWPs of CO2, CH4 and N2O are used. The ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from these systems by reducing stocking rates was also sensitive to the GWPs used. In heavily grazed systems, the relatively small reductions in stocking rate needed to reduce emissions significantly should also reduce the degradation of soils and vegetation, thereby improving the sustainability of these enterprises.The simulation studies indicate that it is possible to alter management to maximise beef cattle production per unit greenhouse gases or per unit methane emitted, but that this is also dependent upon the emission definition used. High ratios of liveweight gain per unit net greenhouse gas emission were found in a broadly defined band covering the entire range of stocking rates likely to be used. In contrast, high values of liveweight gain per unit anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission were found only at very low stocking rates that are unlikely to be economically viable.These results suggest that policy initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from tropical grazing systems should be evaluated cautiously until the GWPs have been further developed and the implications of emission definitions more rigorously determined. 相似文献
18.
The responses of the climate system to increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_2)arestudied by using a new version of the Bureau of Meteorological Research Centre(BMRC)globalcoupled general circulation model(CGCM).Two simulations are run:one with atmospheric CO_2concentration held constant at 330 ppm,the other with a tripling of atmospheric CO_2(990 ppm).Results from the 41-year control coupled integration are applied to analyze the mean state,seasonal cycle and interannual variability in the model.Comparisons between the greenhouseexperiment and the control experiment then provide estimations of the influence of increased CO_2on climate changes and climate variability.Especially discussed is the question on whether theclimate changes concerned with CO_2 inerease will impact interannual variability in tropical Pacific,such as ENSO. 相似文献