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全球海洋模式对不同强迫场的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的全球海洋环流模式(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model,LICOM),通过设计三个试验,即以德国马克斯—普朗克气象研究所整理的海洋模式比较计划(OMIP)资料和美国国家海洋资料中心(NODC)发布的《世界海洋图集2009》(WOA09)资料为强迫场的试验W,用美国环境预报中心(NCEP)和国家大气研究中心(NCAR)联合推出的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料(简称NCEP资料)中的风应力资料代替试验W中的风应力资料的试验M,以及用NCEP资料中的热力强迫代替试验M中的热力强迫资料的试验N,来研究不同的热力和动力强迫场对模式的影响。三个试验的模拟结果均模拟出了水团和流场的分布型和极值区。从三个试验的结果对比可以看出,NCEP资料较弱的风应力使得试验M环流场明显偏弱,减弱了大洋内部的温盐输送,加大了深海温盐模拟结果与观测资料的偏差,但对原模式过强的南极中层水的输送有所改善。NCEP的短波辐射通量和非短波热通量弱于OMIP,且在两极区域NCEP资料的海表温度比WOA09资料最多低 4℃以上。试验N的模拟结果改善了南大洋60°S以南海区试验W 模拟的海表温度偏高问题,减小了北冰洋部分海域以及副热带大洋东部海表温度的偏差。此外,试验N高纬度较低的海表温度增强了北大西洋深水以及南极底层水的输送,因而改善了深海的温盐模拟结果。三个试验在一些关键海区得到的经向热输送在观测估计及前人模拟结果的范围中,总体上试验M的输送最弱。综合三个试验的模拟结果,可以认为OMIP风应力资料和NCEP海表温度资料更适合作为LICOM模式的强迫场。 相似文献
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本文基于通用地球系统模式框架,建立了一个非常高分辨率准全球的耦合模式,其分量为涡分辨率海洋模式和高分辨率大气模式。利用这个模式,在现代气候条件下成功进行6年的试验,并根据高分辨率观测和再分析资料评估了试验结果。这个模式能够模拟大尺度大气海洋结构,海表面温度(SST)锋面,海洋涡旋动能,和风的细致结构。据此,仔细研究了海洋中尺度结构引起的海气相互作用特征。通过对比观测,这个模式很好再现了由中尺度结构引起的SST和风应力的正相关。同时,正相关在强海洋锋面和涡旋区域特别明显。在模拟中,风对中尺度扰动引起的SST的响应偏弱,但不同区域响应量值略有不同。伴随着风的响应偏弱,表面感热的响应被低估,而潜热的响应则被高估,高估原因是因为模式的边界层偏干。风对SST中尺度异常响应主要来自动量垂直混合和气压调整的综合作用。本研究对于中尺度海气相互作用的模拟提供了一些新的线索及对模式的改进提供科学依据。 相似文献
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结合观测的海表温度距平（SSTA）对925hPa NCEP／NCAR再分析风应力距平（以下简称NCEP风应力距平）资料与FSU风应力距平资料进行了比较分析。对比分析了分别以NCEP、FSU风应力距平作为初始强迫风场时的Zebiak-Cane海气耦合模式（简称ZC耦合模式）的预报能力。结果表明：1980、1990年代NCEP风应力距平较FSU风应力距平与观测SSTA匹配更为合理。NCEP风应力距平不仅较FSU风应力距平对ZC海洋模式初始化效果好，尤其在1990年代更为显著，而且在1980、1990年代以NCEP风应力距平替代FSU风应力距平作为ZC耦合模式的初始强迫风场，都提高了该耦合模式预报能力，尤其是可提前6-8个月成功地预报出1997／1998年EI Nifio事件。进一步分析表明，在1997／1998年EI Nifio事件前兆、爆发阶段，NCEP风应力距平驱动海洋模式产生的SSTA比FSU风应力距平驱动海洋模式产生的SSTA更接近观测SSTA的水平冷、暖分布特征，这为ZC耦合模式提供了更为合理的预报初始强迫场，从而有利于提高其预报能力。 相似文献
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冬季北太平洋海表热通量异常和海气相互作用——基于一个全球海气耦合模式长期积分的诊断分析 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
利用一个全球海气耦合模式长期积分所给出的资料,分析了冬季北太平洋海表湍流热通量（潜热和感热）异常及其对海表温度（SST）异常的影响,并比较了海表热通量诸分量和海洋内部的动力学过程对SST变化的相对重要性。结果表明,冬季热带外海洋上的湍流热通量是影响SST的主要因子,但在北太平洋中部海水的平流作用也不可忽视。冬季热带外海洋向大气释放的潜热和感热通量与SST倾向（而不是SST本身）之间存在着显著的相关,这同Cayan和Reynolds等利用COADS资料和NCEP资料同化模式分析的结果是一致的。模式诊断的结果支持这样一种看法：和热带海洋不同,冬季热带外海洋上的海气相互作用主要地表现为大气对海洋的强迫作用,而不是相反。模式给出的SST倾向的第一个EOF分量及其与海平面气压场的相关特征同Wallace等从观测资料分析所得到的结果是一致的;进一步的分析表明：在冬季北太平洋的大部分区域（特别是西太平洋）,大尺度大气环流异常在很大程度上决定着SST的异常,而这种决定作用正是通过它对湍流热通量的强烈影响来实现的。 相似文献
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东亚冬季风异常与ENSO循环关系的进一步研究 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
通过对1955～1989年35年的观测资料的合成分析,进一步指出东亚冬季风与ElNino、LaNina事件存在着明显的相互作用、相互影响的循环关系.这种循环关系一方面表现在异常强(弱)东亚冬季风通过激发赤道中西太平洋地区的异常西(东)风以及强(弱)对流活动,而最终使得ElNino(LaNina)事件爆发;另一方面,ElNino(LaNina)的爆发将通过大气遥响应,使得东亚冬季风偏弱(强).功率谱分析也表明,东亚冬季风与ENSO循环相互作用主要表现在3～5年的周期上,同时准2年周期也很明显.
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纬向风应力在厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)事件演变过程中起到了至关重要的作用,但是迄今为止对赤道太平洋区域纬向风应力年际变率的模拟能力及其模拟偏差的全面比较和分析尚不多见。本文对第五次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中大气模式纬向风应力的模拟能力进行了全面评估,发现模式集合平均模拟的El Ni?o与La Ni?a时期的纬向风应力异常均比观测结果弱,其中El Ni?o时期的误差更为显著;进一步分析发现,El Ni?o时期的模拟误差可能主要与AMIP模式模拟的东印度洋较弱的降水负异常有关:通过Gill模态响应,东印度洋降水偏差在中西太平洋引起东风异常,这在一定程度上抵消了El Ni?o事件引发的西风异常,最终导致El Ni?o时期AMIP模拟的纬向风应力对SST正异常的响应偏弱。 相似文献
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表层洋流对外强迫响应敏感度的数值研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用数值模拟研究了海表流场对外强迫（风应力和海表热通量）的响应特征,探讨了其对该类外强迫异常响应的敏感性以及较敏感区域。在确认本文所用的海洋环流模式能够较好地模拟表层海洋流场的气候状态之后,通过几个敏感性试验与控制（对照）试验结果的比较,发现海洋表层环流对海表风应力异常响应的敏感区域主要在赤道附近及大洋西边界海区;相对于热带外地区,热带海域（20°S～20°N）的风应力异常对于大洋表层环流的变化有着更重要的显著作用,它不仅会导致热带海域表层流场有较大的变化,对中高纬海区的表层流场特别是西边界流也有明显影响;海洋表层环流对海表热通量异常的响应除了在赤道附近海域明显之外,在中高纬海区也十分显著;在外强迫有同等异常幅度（20%）的情况下,大洋西边界海域对热通量的响应明显要强于对风应力的响应。此外,热通量异常还对南太平洋东海岸的洋流和南极大陆的绕极环流有较为明显的影响。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献