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1.
利用地基GPS反演的可降水量资料、地面加密自动站和常规天气资料,对2011年2月发生在河北省的一次回流降雪天气过程进行了分析.结果表明:①降雪过程前期,GPS可降水量由西南向东北逐渐增大,后期自北向南减小,与西南暖湿气流的输送和地面冷高压的南压对应.②第1阶段降雪的主要影响系统为高空槽,GPS可降水量不断增加,对应的实际降水也是先增后减;第2阶段的降雪主要表现为回流降雪,降雪前期GPS可降水量迅速增长,实际降水出现在GPS可降水量峰值及下降阶段.随着地面冷高压逐渐南压,GPS可降水量逐渐下降,实际降水也逐渐减弱至停止.③在探空层结曲线上,高湿层位于地面附近和700 hPa附近,而二者之间的近地层存在着低湿层. 相似文献
2.
利用1997-2006年深秋到冬季新疆阿勒泰地区出现的17次暖区大降雪天气过程的卫星云图资料、常规观测资料和地面降雪量资料,并选取其中3次典型的暖区大降雪过程,对暖区大降雪天气过程的中尺度云团演变特征进行了详细分析,进一步揭示暖区大降雪天气的成因。结果表明:500 hPa极涡是造成新疆北部阿勒泰地区暖区大降雪过程的天气尺度影响系统,极涡中心南部或东南部分裂出的中尺度短波是造成暖区大降雪天气的直接影响系统;TBB≤-60℃的中-β和中-α尺度系统云团是造成暖区大降雪天气的主要系统。暖区大降雪的TBB≤-60℃的中-β和中-α尺度系统云团是在绕极涡移动的高空锋区短波槽前和暖平流输送区形成,并位于极涡中心南部或东南部的低层到高层强锋区中,在随着天气尺度云系移动的同时,绕极涡中心逆时针旋转,移速缓慢或稳定少动,移动中逐渐加强或合并,其多表现为椭圆形或圆形,暖区大降雪发生在TBB≤-60℃的中-β和中-α尺度云团边缘TBB等值线梯度最大处。中-β和中-α尺度云团面积越大、生命史越长,造成的暖区大降雪范围就越大、强度也越强;TBB≤-60℃的中-β和中-α尺度云团在阿勒泰地区上空维持数小时可造成阿勒泰地区暖区大降雪天气。 相似文献
3.
利用欧洲中心（European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF） ERA-interim再分析资料、常规气象观测资料及GPS （Global Position System）系统探测的大气可降水量（Precipitable Water Vapor,PWV）资料,对2017—2018年辽宁地区三次中雪及以上量级的降雪过程中大气可降水量的演变特征进行分析。结果表明：三次降雪过程中PWV均呈现单峰式结构,其与小时降雪量之间存在较好的时间对应关系,降雪时段对应PWV高值阶段;在降雪出现前6—15 h,PWV迅速增加,且PWV总增长量与降雪强度存在较好的正相关关系。 相似文献
4.
利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、GPS/MET水汽资料和天气雷达资料,对江西省2016年1月22日和31日两次暴雪过程的动力条件、水汽条件和温度垂直结构等进行了对比分析。结果表明： 1） 500 hPa短波槽、700 hPa和850 hPa的切变线和西南急流是强降雪直接影响系统。整层大气高湿近于饱和,中低层有逆温。暴雪产生在700—500 hPa槽前西南气流的前部,850 hPa东北风与东南风辐合的区域,近地面层都是东北风。2） 两次暴雪过程水汽输送条件、冷空气的强度以及南下的方式都有差异。前次暴雪过程中低层先有冷空气影响,而后中高层暖湿气流北上,中低层能量低,以稳定性降雪为主,持续时间长;后次暴雪过程中,先是中低层暖湿气流北上,而后强冷空气从低层楔入,中低层对流不稳定,对流发展,降雪强度大,持续时间短。3） 两次暴雪期间GPS/MET可降水量均在20 mm以上,降雪开始前和暴雪出现前GPS/MET可降水量都出现连续增长的峰值,对降雪预报有一定的指示性。另外,雷达速度图上零速度线的形态变化对降雪持续时间有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
5.
诊断分析技术在山西强降雪预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规探测资料和诊断分析方法,对2009年11月9 12日山西大范围持续强降雪天气过程进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)500 hPa阻塞形势和低空低涡切变线稳定维持,700 hPa西南急流、850 hPa偏东急流、850 hPa和925 hPa强偏东北气流等三支强气流稳定维持,地面回流形势与河套倒槽共同强烈发展并稳定维持,是造成此次大范围持续强降雪的重要原因。(2)强降雪出现前,低层中纬度持续有暖湿空气向山西地区输送,暖湿中心强度持续增强;从其水平结构变化看,可将此次过程分为锢囚降雪、回流降雪、暖倒槽降雪和持续降温四个阶段,各个阶段降雪特点不同。(3)强降雪区上空垂直热力结构为上冷、中暖、下冷,低层冷平流强度为普通暴雪的3倍;对流层中低层持续存在对流性不稳定,不稳定区内存在空气辐散,且持续有暖湿平流输入,导致对流性不稳定及其降水不断增强。(4)此次强降雪天气过程中,山西上空大气可降水量累计达到35~88 mm;随着低层和近地层风场的加强和辐合,大气可降水量不断增加,强降雪也呈现持续增加的趋势。(5)强降雪前及整个强降雪期间,强降雪区上空300 hPa以下为水汽散度通量正值区,其强度在500~600 hPa达到最强,且强度为普通暴雪的6倍,而高层和低层均存在弱的辐散。 相似文献
6.
贵州强降雪天气过程环流形势分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,对贵州7个典型降雪个例进行环流背景及层结条件分析,结果表明：贵州强降雪天气过程在北支高空槽引导强冷空气南下,位于孟湾地区的南支槽前的西南暖湿气流为强降雪天气提供水汽条件;中低层切变在贵州降雪天气预报中有指标性意义;降雪云体多为锋上云体。 相似文献
7.
《干旱气象》2017,(6)
应用常规地面和高空观测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料以及山东省122个国家自动站日降水量和小时降水量资料,从日积雪深度和过程总降水量两个角度分别定义第一和第二类极端降雪事件,并进一步对其基本特征进行分析总结。结论如下:(1)山东省极端降雪事件发生在江淮气旋和回流天气形势下,出现在11月(初冬)和2月(早春)的可能性最大,江淮气旋类多出现在2月,回流类多出现在11月。(2)极端降雪事件中鲁东南、鲁西北西部和鲁中北部地区降雪量大且出现极端降雪次数多。江淮气旋类极端降雪过程降水量大值中心出现在鲁东南、鲁中北部和半岛地区,而回流类过程降水量呈现出"南多北少"的分布特征。(3)相比较于江淮气旋类降雪过程,回流类极端降雪过程出现的单站最大降水量更大,且大雨以上量级降水范围更广。通常极端降雪过程中,降水量最大为50.0~59.9 mm,多数站点过程降水量为10.0~29.9 mm。(4)不同天气系统影响下的两类极端降雪过程地面气旋初生时中心气压值、冷高压中心强度和位置、低空急流的厚度和强度等特征有所不同。(5)回流类极端降雪过程,水汽辐合层次深厚,700 h Pa与850 h Pa均有明显的水汽辐合,江淮气旋类极端降雪过程中水汽辐合层次较低,主要位于850 h Pa附近。对于过程降水量超过50.0 mm的极端降雪事件,700 h Pa和850 h Pa比湿均达到并超过5 g·kg~(-1)。(6)回流类极端降雪过程伴有不同范围寒潮。 相似文献
8.
利用高空、地面资料以及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料，对2010—2019年河南中东部强降雪个例的热力、水汽、动力等物理量特征进行统计分析。结果表明：强降雪前0—6h，对流层中下层的暖湿气流越厚，对应降雪量越大，且低层需要一定强度的冷空气。大气可降水量（TPW）对于预报降雪量的大小有较好的指示意义，大雪、暴雪和大暴雪的必要水汽条件分别是TPW不小于10mm、10.5mm、16mm。400hPa以下最大垂直上升速度的均值和降雪量级呈近似线性关系，最大垂直上升速度越强，对应降雪量越大。雨转雪时，对流层中下层温度层结可分为常规型、低层强冷型和低层直温型。 相似文献
9.
利用2005年12月-2006年2月北半球500hPa月平均高度场、距平场和山东省月平均气温、月降水量等资料,分析了2005年冬季山东省天气气候特点和主要天气过程及其影响。今冬前期冷空气势力强,半岛降雪频繁,气温持续偏低;中期气温明显偏高;后期雨雪、大雾天气频繁。 相似文献
10.
2009年天津地区首场降雪过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于NCEP再分析资料、多普勒天气雷达产品与风云卫星云参数反演产品,对天津地区2009年的首场降雪过程进行了分析,研究表明:①造成此次降雪的主要天气系统是东移高空槽和地面倒槽;②降雪回波具备典型层云稳定性降水回波的特点,最强回波不超过35 dBz,伴随着降雪结束,回波顶高有所下降;③降雪过程云粒子有效半径数值维持在20μm,云体过冷层厚度、云顶高度较大,云顶温度在-30℃左右.随着降雪结束,云粒子有效半径、云体过冷层厚度和云顶高度数值逐渐减小,云顶温度则有所升高;④地面降水量和云粒子有效半径、云顶高度、云体过冷层厚度呈现正相关,与云顶温度呈现负相关. 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
20.