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1.
三明市水稻气候条件分析与气候区划 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
分析了水稻生长对温度、光照、降水等气候条件的要求及其主要的不利气候因素———早春低温阴雨造成早稻烂种烂秧和秋季寒害对晚稻抽穗扬花的影响 ,确定三明市水稻生长的气候指标为春季稳定通过 10℃初日至秋季稳定通过 2 0℃终日的积温。根据三明市各地活动积温的分布情况和不同品种搭配的早稻播种至晚稻安全齐穗所需的总积温 ,划定了三明市水稻合理布局的气候区划指标。利用活动积温的 80 %保证率建立的区划模型和区划指标将三明市分为 7个水稻种植气候区 ,并提出了水稻生产趋利避害的建议措施。 相似文献
2.
对1951-2007年辽宁省稳定通过0℃、10℃积温和持续日数变化进行了分析.结果表明:(1)近57年来辽宁省稳定通过0℃和10℃积温和持续日数呈递增趋势,其中稳定通过10℃积温和持续日数递增趋势更明显;(2)各标准气候期稳定通过0℃和10℃积温变化趋势不同,第1个和第2个30年标准气候期呈现递增趋势较弱,最近30年标准气候期呈显著递增趋势;各标准气候期稳定通过0℃和10℃持续日数均为递增趋势,而且后期递增较前期更为显著;(3)中部和沿海城市稳定通过0℃、10℃积温和持续日数递增趋势强于北部和西部;(4)城市化引起的热岛效应是观测到的稳定通过0℃、10℃积温和持续日数递增的重要原因,而区域气候变暖则进一步加强了递增趋势. 相似文献
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[目的]研究气候变暖背景下新疆不同品种熟性棉花适宜种植区的变化,对科学制定新疆棉花发展规划和品种布局,促进棉花生产的持续稳定发展具有重要意义。[方法]基于新疆102个气象台站1961-2020年历史气候资料,使用统计学方法以及ArcGIS的空间插值技术,在对近60a影响新疆棉花种植的主要气候因子,≥10℃积温、无霜冻期和最热月(7月)平均气温时空变化进行分析的基础上,结合新疆棉花种植气候适宜性区划指标,就不同品种熟性棉花适宜种植区的变化进行研究。[结果]新疆≥10℃积温、无霜冻期和最热月(7月)平均气温的空间分布总体呈现“南疆多,北疆少;平原和盆地多,山区少”的特点。在全球变暖背景下,近60年新疆≥l0℃积温、无霜冻期和7月平均气温分别以75.657℃?d /10a、4.36d/10a和0.218℃/10a的倾向率呈显著(P=0.001)增多或上升趋势,并且上述要素均于1997年发生突变,突变后较突变前全疆平均≥l0℃积温、无霜冻期和7月平均气温分别升高或增多了268.2℃?d、13.5d和0.8℃。受其影响,1997年后较其之前,新疆各棉区不同品种熟性棉花适宜种植区的海拔上限均不同程度的抬升,其中,准噶尔盆地和吐鲁番、哈密盆地棉区海拔上限抬升了150-200m,塔里木盆地棉区抬升了50-100m;全疆中熟、中早熟和早熟品种棉区占新疆总面积的百分率分别增大了2.1%、4.3%和1.7%,特早熟品种棉区和不宜棉区分别减小了2.1%和6.0%。[结论]气候变暖使新疆宜棉区扩大,不宜棉区缩小,且部分棉区适宜种植的品种熟性向生长期较长、产量较高的品种熟级转变,这对促进新疆棉花生产的发展具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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850农场水稻气候灾害分析与预防 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1 引言 850农场无霜期为140 d,可以满足水稻种植的要求.早熟品种从移栽到成熟≥10℃的活动积温要求在2070～2150℃;中熟水稻品种要求2180～2200℃:晚熟品种要求2250～2300℃.850农场历年≥10℃的活动积温平均为2522.8℃.稳定通过10℃的初日平均在5月10日,稳定通过10℃的终日平均在9月29日.由≥10℃的活动积温保证率曲线图查得:80%保证率的积温值为2383℃. 相似文献
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气候变化对广东冬种马铃薯种植气候区划的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于广东86个气象站1961-2016年的历史气候资料,使用线性趋势和累积距平法,分析近56年广东全年平均气温、11月-次年2月平均气温和80%保证率≥10℃积温3要素的突变点;运用ArcGIS10.3平台,研究气候变化背景下广东冬种马铃薯种植气候区划的变化。结果表明:(1)气候变化背景下广东冬种马铃薯生育期(11月-次年2月)平均气温、极端最低气温、80%保证率≥10℃积温、1-2月平均气温(马铃薯块茎发育期)和霜日数的面积分布有不同程度改变,各指标最适宜面积均有增加。(2) 1997年后广东冬种马铃薯最适宜种植区面积增至754.75万hm^2,增加了7.4%;适宜种植区面积变化不明显,但区域整体北移;次适宜种植区和不适宜种植区面积均有缩小,缩小面积占总面积的6.5%。 相似文献
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1971-2010年雅鲁藏布江中游气候生长期变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1971-2010年雅鲁藏布江中游河谷地区拉萨、日喀则、泽当和江孜4个站逐日平均气温和降水量资料,分析了该地区气候生长期变化特征。结果表明:(1)雅鲁藏布江中游地区各界限温度气候生长期以5~8 d·(10a)-1的速率增加,其中≥0℃和≥10℃界限温度的气候生长期都增加了30天左右,≥5℃气候生长期增加了20天左右;以稳定通过10℃界限温度来判断,该地区冬半年时间在缩短,夏半年时间在延长。(2)该地区稳定通过各界限温度的初日提前、终日推后,持续天数和活动积温增加趋势显著;≥10℃界限温度的降水量和降水日数增加趋势显著,分别以19 mm·(10a)-1和1.5 d·(10a)-1的速率增加,且在20世纪80年代末发生突变,表明该地区稳定通过10℃界限温度的水热条件显著地向暖湿变化。(3)各界限温度的终日年际变化相对较稳定,其他要素年际变化均处于不稳定状态;年代际变化上,≥10℃界限温度的初日、终日、持续天数以及各界限温度的活动积温保持台阶式变化,其他要素呈波动变化,最小值出现在20世纪80年代。(4)≥10℃界限温度的终日、持续天数和活动积温的变化趋势在20世纪90年代后期出现突变现象,表明≥10℃界限温度的终日显著推后趋势对夏半年的延长贡献最大。 相似文献
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气候变化背景下我国玉米种植界限北移且气象灾害频发。为给内蒙古武川地区在合理调整品种布局和优化利用农业气候资源上提供科学参考,本研究利用武川地区1961-2018年逐日气象观测数据,对该地区春玉米生长季水热资源和安全播期变化特征进行分析。研究结果表明:武川地区稳定通过10℃的持续日数为99～156d,≥10℃的活动积温值为2051.4℃·d,并以66.0℃·d·(10a)~(-1)的速率显著增加,5、9月活动积温稳定性较差。春玉米始播期显著提前、最迟播期显著推迟,各年代可播种成熟的年份数增加。全生长季降水量为299.8mm,5月降水量年际波动较大,8月降水量显著减少。玉米全生长季中旱灾达到"十年七旱",8月干旱灾害不断加重。 相似文献
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基于GIS的赤水市金钗石斛农业气候区划 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
石斛是热带、亚热带丛生植物,喜温暖湿润气候。赤水市是我国目前金钗石斛最大和最适宜种植区。根据赤水市气候资源特点及金钗石斛适宜生长环境指标,选取了年平均气温、全年≥10℃活动积温、海拔高度、月平均气温≥25.0℃月数、分蘖开花期(3-5月)空气相对湿度等5个气象因子作为种植区划指标,在综合考虑经度、纬度和海拔高度对气候资源影响的基础上,利用遵义市12个气象站1971-2000年气候资料和台站信息,采用逐步回归法分别构建了4个区划因子的细网格推算模型。基于数字高程(DEM)数据推算了分辨率为1 km的赤水市气候资源数据集。利用赋值法对5个区划指标分别计算,按照适宜种植区、次适宜种植区和不适宜种植区3个等级完成了赤水市金钗石斛种植气候区划。区划结果显示,赤水市金钗石斛的适宜种植区随地形和海拔高度而变化,主要分布在沿赤水河两岸和沿习水河两岸的沟谷或山地。次适宜和不适宜区主要分布在海拔700 m以上的半高山地区,冬季气温偏低、热量供应不足和夏秋干旱是这些区域不适宜种植的主要原因。 相似文献
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综合利用前人研究结果与江苏地区水稻生长所需的光、温、水特性,提出了江苏水稻气候适宜性评价指标为适宜生长期、5—10月降水量、t≥10℃活动积温、日照时数;依据现有稻麦（油）两熟的耕作制度,确立了江苏水稻气候适宜性区划因子和分级阈值。基于1961—2019年江苏省及周边共85个站（市、区）的气象数据,采用模糊综合评判法建立水稻气候适宜性评估模型,并确定综合评估指数,利用ArcGIS的自然断点法,将江苏中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳种植适宜区进行区划。通过30a尺度下的年代际分析发现,由于适宜生长期延长和活动积温增加,使得四个品种特性的水稻适宜种植区域均有所调整,其中晚熟粳稻的种植范围北扩到淮河以南地区。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献