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S波段天气雷达在夜间往往能探测到大量晴空回波。根据生物随风迁飞迁徙的定向运动特征,结合L波段无线电探空数据与2018年3—10月北京S波段天气雷达数据,分析晴空回波在不同时段、不同风向下的变化,讨论晴空回波产生原因。通过天气雷达数据发现,晴空回波的反射率因子在6—8月初明显小于5月与9月,呈回波强度低谷,同时在5月与9月晴空回波高度可达2 km以上。通过与100 m,750 m和1.5 km高度的探空风向数据对比,反射率因子平均值未展现生物定向迁飞活动所导致的强度变化特征,反射率因子分布不随风向发生明显的季节性变化。与探空数据对比发现,温度垂直递减率与水平风切变大小的变化趋势与组合反射率因子变化趋势一致,认为北京地区晴空回波主要由大气边界层湍流造成。 相似文献
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为识别我国新一代天气雷达的生物回波,研究长江中下游地区天气雷达观测到的生物迁飞发生发展规律,选取上海南汇WSR-88D双偏振天气雷达2018年春季的观测数据,应用反射率因子Z、双程差分相位Φ_(DP)、0延迟相关系数ρ_(HV)等雷达物理量和反射率因子纹理SD(Z)、差分相位纹理SD(Φ_(DP))等反映观测值小尺度数值变化的参量,用Python语言设计基于模糊逻辑算法的雷达回波分类程序识别生物回波,识别结果以生物回波采样点的生成时间(世界时)为横坐标,分析了2018年春季上海南汇天气雷达生物回波识别结果的日变化特点,讨论了降水、风及温度等气象条件对生物迁飞的影响。结果表明,S波段天气雷达无法分辨生物单体,但在春季有大规模生物迁飞的时段能够对昆虫成层定向迁飞的现象进行有效识别,3月生物迁飞活动强度较弱,4月和5月回波强度显著增强。地物回波(超折射回波)在雷达低仰角观测中,对有效识别生物迁飞回波尤其具有阻碍性。为此,在原有算法的基础上,用标准化频率直方图对迁飞现象明显时段的数据中生物回波点的以上4个变量观测值进行概率统计,揭示生物回波与地物(超折射)回波雷达物理量之间的差异。 相似文献
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典型超级单体风暴过程分析 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
利用郑州７１４ＣＤ多普勒天气雷达观测资料,结合有关地面要素资料和郑州探空资料,对１９９８年９月４日一次典型超级单体造成的冰雹大风和短时强降水过程进行分析探讨,揭示了强对流天气雷达回波强度场和多普勒速度场的典型特征,为强对流天气的监测、识别、临近预报和人工消雹提供参考。 相似文献
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随着风廓线雷达组网观测系统建设的推进,质量控制是提高风廓线雷达观测资料应用效益的重要环节。通过介绍风廓线雷达回波信号的产生机理、信号与数据处理流程,研究了风廓线雷达多普勒功率谱的湍流回波与干扰回波的特征,给出了功率谱的特征量,提出了基于模糊逻辑提取大气湍流回波信息的质量控制方法,改进了多普勒速度估算的准确性。为检验质量控制方法的可靠性,以合肥2008年6月4日10:42:16(北京时,下同)东波束和8日10:36:20西波束的多普勒功率谱数据处理为例开展了风廓线观测资料质量控制的个例试验分析,结果表明处理后观测资料的可用性较好。 相似文献
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典型超级单体现风暴过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用郑州７１４ＣＤ多普勒天气雷达观测资料,结合有关地面要素资料和郑州探空资料。对１９９８年９月４日一次典型超级单体造成的冰雹大风和短时强降水过程进行探讨,揭示了强对流天气雷达加强度场和多普勒速度场的典型特征,对强对流天气的监测、识别、临近预报和人工消雹提供参考。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献