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1.
陆地上空标量辐射对地表反射率和大气气溶胶散射都具有很强的敏感性,而偏振反射只对大气气溶胶敏感,对地表不敏感。根据这个原理并结合POLDER(POLarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectance)资料的特点,作者提出综合利用标量辐射和偏振反射信息来实现陆地上空大气气溶胶和地表反照率的同时反演。首先,利用多角度偏振辐射观测提取大气气溶胶光学参数,再利用标量辐射测量对偏振反演结果作进一步筛选和订正,同时获得地表反射率。数值模拟试验结果证明,仅利用偏振信息只能获取大气气溶胶信息,而且其结果误差较大,特别是对于散射作用较强的短波长通道如670 nm误差更大,但经过标量辐射订正后的结果得到明显改善,气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率与真实值之间相关系数都达到0.99以上。为提高查找表的计算效率,提出并建立了反演方案所需要的半参数化数值表,利用内插方法寻求气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的数值解的反演方法。 相似文献
2.
卫星对地遥感应用中的邻近效应研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用Monte-Carlo地气耦合辐射传输模式比较系统地进行了卫星视反射率对地表、大气和卫星参数的敏感性数值试验,重点研究了邻近效应对地表反射水平非均一分布的敏感性、邻近效应有效地表范围以及邻近效应与卫星高度的关系三个方面的问题.在定量分析的基础上,揭示了影响邻近效应的主要因子及其影响机制,给出了一些重要结论,包括:地表非均一引起的邻近效应的影响是非常重要的,特别是当目标反射率小于环境反射率时;气溶胶光学厚度越大,散射相函数对称性越强,卫星视反射率对环境反射率越敏趑感,邻近效应越明显;邻近效应的有效地表范围可达到几十公里,同样光学厚度条件下,与气溶胶相比,分子的有效地表范围更大,邻近效应也更强;卫星观测同一目标物时,邻近效应随着探测器高度增高而变大等. 相似文献
3.
准确测量大气中云和气溶胶的辐射特性对数值天气预报和气候变化具有重要意义。搭载在风云三号降水卫星上的偏振载荷是国内首个具有短波红外通道的多角度偏振成像仪(Polarization and Multi-Angle Imager, PMAI),计划于2023年年初发射,为气溶胶-云-降水观测链条提供重要支撑。该仪器运行在非太阳同步的倾斜轨道,可提供3 km(星下点)空间分辨率和700 km幅宽的图像。PMAI的观测通道包括1030 nm、1370 nm、1640 nm的偏振通道和相应的非偏振通道,可提供14个角度的观测信息。PMAI将利用自然目标的在轨替代定标和同平台仪器的交叉定标,实现5%的辐射测量精度。观测和仿真数据表明PMAI拥有描述云和气溶胶特性的独特优势。全新的短波红外通道的多角度偏振测量可以优化云相态识别和云微物理参数反演、气溶胶的地气解耦以及地表方向反射特征的表述。处于非太阳同步轨道的PMAI具有独特观测几何,可以获得大气粒子辐射更宽的散射角分布信息。此外,PMAI可联合同平台中分辨率光谱成像仪的可见近红外和热红外通道的观测信息,进行云和气溶胶的协同反演。 相似文献
4.
The characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in the Golmud desert over the Tibetan (Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau are investigated using the measurements made during the QXPMEX-79.Using spectroscopic observations at the surface and satellite data,the aerosol optical depth is calculated,from which the aerosol size distribution is worked out by means of an inversion method.The effects of vertical distribution of aerosols on irradiance and heating rate profiles are investigated using radiation models in conjunction with the assumption of three idealized aerosol profiles.The effect of aerosols on solar irradiance at the surface is also investigated and the results are compared with the observations.It is shown that the solar irradiance can be reduced by up to 100 W m-2 in the presence of aerosols,and the heating rate can be increased by 1 Kd-1. 相似文献
5.
Joonsuk Lee Won Jun Choi Deok Rae Kim Seung-Yeon Kim Chang-Keun Song Jun Suk Hong Youdeog Hong Sukjo Lee 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(3):271-278
Surface erythemal UV radiation is mainly affected by total column ozone, aerosols, clouds, and solar zenith angle. The effect of ozone on the surface UV radiation has been explored many times in the previous studies due to the decrease of ozone layer. In this study, we calculated the effect of aerosols on the surface UV radiation as well as that of ozone using data acquired from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). First, ozone, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and surface erythemal UVB radiation measured from satellite are compared with those from ground measurements. The results showed that the comparison for ozone was good with r 2 of 0.92. For aerosol, there was difference between satellite measurements and surface measurements due to the insufficient information on aerosol in the retrieval algorithm. The r 2 for surface erythemal UV radiation was high (～0.94) but satellite measurements showed about 30% larger values than surface measurements on average by not considering the effect of absorbing aerosols in the retrieval process from satellite measurements. Radiative amplification factor (RAF) is used to access the effect of ozone and aerosol quantitatively. RAF for ozone was 0.97～1.49 with solar zenith angle. To evaluate the effect of aerosol on the surface UV radiation, only clear-sky pixel data were used and solar zenith angle and total column amount of ozone were fixed. Also, RAF for aerosol was assessed according to the single scattering albedo (SSA) of aerosols. The results showed that RAF for aerosol with smaller SSA (< 0.90) was larger than that for with larger SSA (> 0.90). The RAF for aerosol was 0.09～0.22 for the given conditions which was relatively small compared to that for ozone. However, considering the fact that aerosol optical depth can change largely in time and space while the total column amount of ozone does not change very much, it needs to include the effect of aerosol to predict the variations of surface UV radiation more correctly. 相似文献
6.
大气气溶胶的垂直非均一对向上亮度和卫星遥感地表反射率的效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
均一模式和两层模式是两个忽略气溶胶垂直非均一、并广泛用于卫星遥感的辐射模式。通过两个模式的数值模拟，分析了气溶胶的垂直非均一对向上天空亮度和卫星遥感地面反射率的效应。数值模拟选用了２４个有代表性的气溶胶模式。对于具有强分子散射的卫星短波通道，由于分子和气溶胶散射性的明显不同，应用均一和两层模式计算的向上亮度往往存在较大误差。对长波通道，如果气溶胶的光学特性随高度变化不大，该亮度误差较小，但如果存在不同散射相函数和一次散射反照率的气溶胶层，该误差仍可能较大。对于干净的大气，由均一和两层模式计算的亮度误差可分别高达３１．４％和３１．５％，而对于混浊的大气，该误差可分别高达６７．８％和５９．２％。该亮度误差可以引起地表反射率解存在大的不确定性，特别是对于短波通道和强吸收的气溶胶。对于包含强吸收气溶胶的混浊大气，均一和两层模式不适合于大气订正应用。 相似文献
7.
卫星遥感地面紫外辐射的参数化方法 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
提出了一个从卫星观测推算地面UVB辐射通量密度和红斑生物紫外辐射剂量的新的参数化方法。该方法基于一个简单的模式:大气辐射传输介质被简化成三个等效层:臭氧单独构成的吸收层，空气分子、云和气溶胶粒子组成的散射层，以及地面反射层。地面紫外辐射通量密度和生物紫外辐射剂量可以由臭氧层的等效透过率、散射层和地面的联合反射率计算。臭氧层的等效透过率可由大气臭氧总量计算。散射层和地面的联合反射率可由不存在臭氧吸收的紫外或可见光通道的反射辐射强度测量得到。该反演算法形式简单，只包含很少几个可从卫星测量获得的参数。它通过了一个可靠而相对复杂的基于DISORT的紫外辐射传输模式的检验。在广泛的计算条件下，包括晴天、云天、以及混浊大气，用这个简单算法计算的地面紫外辐射通量密度和红斑生物紫外辐射剂量与精确算法的结果相差无几。另外，还实际运用这个算法利用卫星观测资料反演地面紫外辐射通量密度，与地面实际观测资料做了比较，符合较好。 相似文献
8.
In this paper, the characteristics of eastern Asian dust storm are examined with emphasis on the satellite measurements of aerosol optical thickness. The reflectivity of solar radiation from the earth’s atmosphere depends on the optical thickness. The satellite measurement of radiance of sunlight, scattered by the earth and its atmosphere, is used to derive the properties of aerosol on oceanic surfaces. This paper involves the following: (1) investigation of the measurement of dust storm over the oceanic surface by GMS satellite; (2) investigation of the measurement of dust storm over the land surface by ground-based instruments such as actinometer, lidar, etc.; (3) for comparison, de-riving an atmospheric aerosol size distribution over the oceanic surface of calm weather through measurements of NOAA satellite; and (4) the weather process and its mass load of eastern Asian dust storm. 相似文献
9.
开发AVHRR可见光通道反演陆地气溶胶光学厚度 (AOD) 的算法对于研究长时间序列AOD的变化有重要意义。AVHRR由于缺少2.1 μm通道而不能采用MODIS的暗背景算法,该文利用背景合成算法进行陆地AOD反演。背景合成算法是指假设一段时间内地表反射率变化不大且会出现相对清洁大气, 采用最小值合成即可得到地表反射率,再通过辐射传输模式6S制作的查算表查算得到AOD的反演结果。将此算法应用到2009年AVHRR中国部分陆地区域 (15°~45°N,75°~135°E) 得到AOD的时空分布,将反演结果与同期Aqua/MODIS的MOD04 AOD产品进行对比分析表明,华北和华东地区的反演效果较好,西北地区结果较差。以长江三角洲地区为例可知,AVHRR AOD产品与MODIS AOD产品以及AERONET观测的AOD相比相关系数基本在0.6以上,从时间变化规律来看,AVHRR AOD和MODIS AOD产品年变化趋势具有很好的一致性。该文为建立长时间序列AVHRR AOD数据集提供了一个较为可行的方法。 相似文献
10.
Aerosol optical depth(AOD) is the most basic parameter that describes the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols,and it can be used to indicate aerosol content. In this study, we assimilated AOD data from the Fengyun-3 A(FY-3 A) and MODIS meteorological satellite using the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. Experiments were conducted for a dust storm over East Asia in April 2011. Each 0600 UTC analysis initialized a24-h Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model forecast. The results generally showed that the assimilation of satellite AOD observational data can significantly improve model aerosol mass prediction skills. The AOD distribution of the analysis field was closer to the observations of the satellite after assimilation of satellite AOD data. In addition, the analysis resulting from the experiment assimilating both FY-3 A/MERSI(Medium-resolution Spectral Imager) AOD data and MODIS AOD data had closer agreement with the ground-based values than the individual assimilation of the two datasets for the dust storm over East Asia. These results suggest that the Chinese FY-3 A satellite aerosol products can be effectively applied to numerical models and dust weather analysis. 相似文献
11.
尝试以单星多角度卫星观测数据同时反演晴空陆地的气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率,并选取2009年5月的MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)1B资料进行了反演试验.结果表明:单星多角度法反演得到的气溶胶光学厚度结果与MODIS气溶胶产品(MOD04)平均值的相关系数为0.7914;反演的地表反射率结果与MODIS地表反射率产品(MOD09)也具有较好的一致性.对直接利用单星多角度观测数据反演获得一段时间内平均的气溶胶光学厚度进行了有益的尝试. 相似文献
12.
13.
应用查表法模拟区域对流层O3、Nox分布和演化的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用STEM-II气相光化学模式探讨了影响对流层O3、NOx气相光化学转化率的各物理、化学因子。表明在我国多数地区光化学污染物特征(NMHC/NOx较高)下,光辐射强度、温度、初始O3浓度和NOx浓度是影响O3、NOx气相光化学转化率的主要因子。将以上因子分档组合,计算并建立了各种情况下O3、NOx气相光化学转化率的查算表,并将之用于模拟区域O3、NOx的演化和分布。结果表明,与光化学模式直接耦合计算法相比,该方法既能显著缩短计算时间,又能基本反映大气化学反应的非线性过程,并与直接耦合法符合得较好。 相似文献
14.
以较为精确的大气辐射传输模式为基础,研制出晴天地表总辐射和净辐射瞬时值的计算方案。与以往的经验计算方法不同,该方案将辐射传输带模式的思路引入地面太阳辐射计算,并尽可能将大气中吸收和散射物质对太阳辐射的影响考虑进去,从而使该方法具有较好的精确性和普适性。在此基础上采用了Kokhanovsky等人提出的大气气溶胶反射率和透过率参数化方案,使得气溶胶对地面总辐射和净辐射的影响得到较好的处理。采用的自变量都是数值预报模式或卫星观测能提供的气象要素,因此该方案即可用于数值预报模式或陆面过程模式计算地表辐射平衡,又可以利用卫星观测或再分析资料估算地面太阳能资源分布。利用美国能源部三个大气辐射观测站点2005年全年的观测资料及欧洲宇航局提供的卫星反演气溶胶资料对计算方案进行了检验。结果表明,该方法十分精确,所有点的平均相对误差都小于6%,误差的均方差都小于0.3 W•m-2。 相似文献
15.
P. A. Durkee K. E. Nielsen P. J. Smith P. B. Russell B. Schmid J. M. Livingston B. N. Holben C. Tomasi V. Vitale D. Collins R. C. Flagan J. H. Seinfeld K. J. Noone E. Öström S. Gassó D. Hegg L. M. Russell T. S. Bates P. K. Quinn 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2000,52(2):484-497
Analysis of the aerosol properties during 3 recent international field campaigns (ACE‐1, TARFOX and ACE‐2) are described using satellite retrievals from NOAA AVHRR data. Validation of the satellite retrieval procedure is performed with airborne, shipboard, and land‐based sunphotometry during ACE‐2. The intercomparison between satellite and surface optical depths has a correlation coefficient of 0.93 for 630 nm wavelength and 0.92 for 860 nm wavelength. The standard error of estimate is 0.025 for 630 nm wavelength and 0.023 for 860 nm wavelength. Regional aerosol properties are examined in composite analysis of aerosol optical properties from the ACE‐1, TARFOX and ACE‐2 regions. ACE‐1 and ACE‐2 regions have strong modes in the distribution of optical depth around 0.1, but the ACE‐2 tails toward higher values yielding an average of 0.16 consistent with pollution and dust aerosol intrusions. The TARFOX region has a noticeable mode of 0.2, but has significant spread of aerosol optical depth values consistent with the varied continental aerosol constituents off the eastern North American Coast. 相似文献
16.
Desert targets for solar channel calibration of geostationary satellites in the East Asia — Australian region were selected and their qualities were assessed with aid of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data (i.e., white-sky surface albedo, aerosol optical thickness, and cloud fraction) from 2002 to 2008. The magnitude, spatial uniformity, and temporal stability of the white-sky surface albedo are examined in order to select bright and stable targets. Subsequently those selected targets over China, India, and Australia are further checked for their qualities in terms of data yielding ratio, aerosol optical thickness, cloud fraction, satellite viewing angle, and solar zenith angle. Results indicate that Chinese targets are found to be not adequate as calibration targets in spite of excellent surface conditions because of high percentage of cloud, possibly heavy aerosol loading, and lower solar elevation angle in particular during winter time. Indian site should be take care about relatively high temporal variation of surface condition and heavy aerosol loading. On the other hand, Australian desert targets are considered to be best when surface brightness, spatial and temporal stability, data yielding ratio, aerosol, and cloud are counted. 相似文献
17.
沙尘识别是沙尘灾害监测和沙尘气溶胶特性研究的首要工作。利用辐射传输方程进行了沙尘气溶胶的辐射计算，对不同沙尘气溶胶光学厚度下的热红外通道温差ΔT（T11μm-T12μm）的变化进行了分析，并针对水汽和陆地表面温度进行了敏感性分析。发现随着沙尘气溶胶光学厚度的增加，ΔT逐渐减小。理论分析表明，利用热红外通道的温度差ΔT进行陆地沙尘识别是可行的。进一步，利用NOAA-AVHRR热红外通道的温度差ΔT < 0进行了3次陆地沙尘识别，经与地面气象站观测的沙尘天气现象相比较，结果基本一致。 相似文献
18.
Summary The uncertainty in aerosol size distributions is a main source of errors in aerosol optical thickness determined from satellite
measurements. To reduce the errors resulting from the uncertainty in aerosol size distributions, we have performed sensitivity
analyses. It is found the errors resulting from the uncertainty in aerosol size distribution can be considerably reduced by
using the Junge power law to approximate the aerosol size distribution in an actual atmosphere, if the exponent value is determined
at the same time. An iterative algorithm is then developed for the simultaneous determination of aerosol optical thickness
and the exponent of the Junge power law over ocean areas from the upwelling radiances measured in AVHRR visible and near infrared
channels. A number of numerical experiments are carried out to investigate the validity of the Junge power law approximation
by assuming the aerosol size distributions in an actual atmosphere are bimodal with different mode parameters, and by using
the actual aerosol size distributions determined at several places by Kaufman et al. (1994). The results show that the errors
in determined aerosol optical thickness resulting from the Junge power law approach are significantly reduced. The iterative
algorithm is investigated further by comparing the aerosol optical thickness deduced from satellite measurement with that
observed by a sun photometer.
Received October 10, 2001 Revised December 28, 2001 相似文献
19.
以我国MODIS共享网站积累的MODIS L1B数据和美国威斯康辛大学提供的IMAPP软件包气溶胶产品软件为基础, 经过产品运行本地化改进处理, 在国家卫星气象中心建立了气溶胶产品业务化生成和发布机制。为支持气溶胶遥感产品算法改进以及潜在用户对产品的合理应用, 给出对国家卫星气象中心运行的MODIS气溶胶遥感产品质量检验分析结果。利用2005年1月— 2007年5月AERONET地基气溶胶监测网的L2.0级气溶胶光学厚度产品作为真值, 用它匹配MODIS陆上气溶胶光学厚度产品开展检验。检验结果表明:以卫星过境前后30min地基观测时间平均值匹配地基站点位置10 km半径范围内的卫星反演结果空间平均值开展检验, 总体样本的气溶胶光学厚度均方根误差约为0.25;满足产品误差要求 (±0.05±0.20τ) 的样本占总样本数的44%; 气溶胶光学厚度反演结果精度具有季节和地域差异, 干季(秋、冬、春)的气溶胶光学厚度误差较小, 而雨季气溶胶光学厚度误差较大, 云是雨季气溶胶光学厚度反演结果误差较大的主要影响因素。 相似文献
20.
沙尘气溶胶卫星遥感现状与需要关注的若干问题 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
沙尘暴是全球干旱、半干旱地区特有的一种灾害性天气,所产生的沙尘气溶胶是全球气溶胶系统重要组成部分,对全球环境、天气、气候和生态有复杂的影响。沙尘气溶胶作为一种吸收性气溶胶,对太阳辐射有着较强的吸收,还能通过加热大气、改变大气稳定度、蒸发云滴、减少云量等"半直接方式"影响气候。卫星遥感对沙尘气溶胶的监测具有独特的优势,是全球沙尘研究的重要手段。本文系统整理和介绍了目前常用的可见近红外、热红外、被动微波、紫外和主动激光测量等五类卫星遥感沙尘气溶胶的主要方法,在总结典型遥感仪器和主要产品基础上,讨论了遥感产品的定量精度和地面验证问题,结合辐射传输理论模拟了可见近红外和热红外的卫星观测,探讨了可见近红外遥感的地表反照率影响和热红外高光谱遥感的波段选择问题,最后对未来的一些研究重点进行了展望。 相似文献