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1.
青藏高原及铁路沿线未来50年气候变化的模拟分析   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
徐影  赵宗慈  李栋梁 《高原气象》2005,24(5):700-707
利用由IPCC数据分发中心(DDC)提供的5个全球海气耦合模式(包括海冰与陆地生态系统)(CCCma,CCSR,CSIRO,GFDL,Hadley)气温及降水的模拟结果,对温室气体排放情景SRES-A2和B2影响下,青藏高原及铁路沿线未来50年气温和降水的变化进行了分析,包括整个青藏高原地区2011-2040年,2041-2070年的温度和降水空间分布特征以及21世纪前50年温度和降水变化的线性倾向等,结果表明:在人类活动引起的温室气体不断增加的情况下,21世纪青藏高原地区的温度将继续增加,在B2排放情景下,2011~2040年年平均温度增暖在高原主体达到1.6℃;20412070年,整个青藏高原的温度将上升2.8~3.0℃,A2排放情景下的升温幅度比B2排放情景下略高。对青藏铁路沿线地区各站A2和B2两种排放情景下,每10年平均的温度分析表明,在A2排放情景下,到2050年前后青藏铁路沿线各站的温度增加将是2010年时的2~3倍左右,A2时在2.56~2.96℃之间,B2时在2.37~2.65℃之间。对21世纪前50年整个青藏高原地区温度变化的线性倾向的空间分布的分析可知,在A2排放情景下,大部分都在1.5~2.5℃/50a,冬季大部分地区的变暖倾向都在2.0℃/50a以上,有些地区达到2.5℃/50a以上,夏季在2℃/50a左右;B2时青藏高原地区温度变化倾向的分布趋势与A2时基本一致,只是变化的数值偏低约0.5℃。对21世纪青藏高原地区降水变化的预估结果表明,与温度不同,在两种不同的排放情景下,降水的变化较为复杂。总体来说,21世纪前50年青藏高原大部分地区的降水为增加趋势。  相似文献   

2.
气候变化的归因与预估模拟研究   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12  
本文总结了近五年来中国科学院大气物理研究所在气候变暖的归因模拟与预估研究上的主要进展。研究表明,利用海温、太阳辐射和温室气体等实际强迫因子驱动大气环流模式,能够较为合理地模拟全球平均地表气温在20世纪的演变,但是难以模拟出包括北大西洋涛动/北极涛动和南极涛动在内的高纬度环流的长期变化趋势。利用温室气体和硫酸盐气溶胶等“历史资料”驱动气候系统模式,能够较好地模拟出20世纪后期的全球增暖,但如果要再现20世纪前期(1940年代)的变暖,还需同时考虑太阳辐射等自然外强迫因子。20世纪中国气温演变的耦合模式模拟技巧,较之全球平均情况要低;中国气候在1920年代的变暖机理目前尚不清楚。对于近50年中国东部地区“南冷北暖”、“南涝北旱”的气候变化,基于大气环流模式特别是区域气候模式的数值试验表明,夏季硫酸盐气溶胶的负辐射效应超过了温室气体的增暖效应,从而对变冷产生贡献。但现有的数值模拟证据,不足以说明气溶胶增加对“南涝北旱”型降水异常有贡献。20世纪中期以来,青藏高原主体存在明显增温趋势,温室气体浓度的增加对这种增暖有显著贡献。多模式集合预估的未来气候变化表明,21世纪全球平均温度将继续增暖,增温幅度因不同排放情景而异;中国大陆年均表面气温的增暖与全球同步,但增幅在东北、西部和华中地区较大,冬季升温幅度高于夏季、日最低温度升幅要强于日最高温度;全球增暖有可能对我国中东部植被的地理分布产生影响。伴随温室气体增加所导致的夏季平均温度升高,极端温度事件增多;在更暖的气候背景下,中国大部分地区总降水将增多,极端降水强度加大且更频繁发生,极端降水占总降水的比例也将增大。全球增暖有可能令大洋热盐环流减弱,但是减弱的幅度因模式而异。全球增暖可能不是导致北太平洋副热带-热带经圈环流自20世纪70年代以来变弱的原因。文章同时指出了模式预估结果中存在的不确定性。  相似文献   

3.
新疆地区21世纪气候变化分析   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
利用参与IPCC AR4的多个气候模式的模拟结果,分析了中国新疆地区21世纪气候变化情景.结果表明,在三种不同温室气体排放情景下,21世纪新疆地区升温明显、降水将进一步增加.到21世纪末(2091-2099年),新疆地区SRESA1B、SRESA2、SRESB1情景下年平均温度将分别增加4.2℃、5.0℃、2.7℃.SRESA1B、SRESA2情景下,在不同时期内,夏季、冬季温度上升幅度大于春季、秋季.在21世纪前半叶,新疆地区平均降水量增加幅度不明显,到21世纪末降水增加10%以上.整个21世纪,新疆地区在SRES情景下降水增加趋势分别为10%/100a、12%/100a、9%/100a.就各个季节的降水变化来看,模拟结果表明冬季降水增加幅度最大,春季次之;在同一时期内冬季降水增加幅度是其他季节的几倍.就区域来说,新疆中部地区21世纪降水增加幅度最大,但是温度增加幅度小于周围地区;北部地区温度、降水都将呈现明显的增加;新疆南部地区温度将明显升高.但是降水增加幅度不大.全球气候模式对较小区域尺度的模拟存在较大的不确定性,还需做深入的分析和研究.  相似文献   

4.
温室效应对青藏高原及青藏铁路沿线气候影响的数值模拟   总被引:25,自引:12,他引:13  
在一个全球模式中嵌套了RegCM2区域气候模式,进行了CO2加倍对中国区域气候影响的数值试验,对青藏高原及青藏铁路沿线地区进行了重点分析。结果表明,在CO2加倍的情况下,这里的气温将明显升高,升高值一般在2.6~2.8℃以上,高于全国平均值。同时降水在青藏高原大部分地区也将明显增加;其中青藏铁路沿线的增加率一般在25%以上,远高于全国平均值水平。温室效应同时会使得青藏铁路沿线的日平均最高气温升高。  相似文献   

5.
使用各国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第一工作组(WG1)2001年科学评估报告中给出的7个全球气候系统模式(CCC、CCSR、CSIRO、DKRZ、GFDL、HADL、NCAR),对20世纪中国西北地区气候变化作检测表明,从观测计算得到的近百年中国西北地区气候变暖0.75℃和近50年气候变暖0.88℃,很可能与人类活动造成大气中温室气体浓度增加以及硫化物气溶胶增加有联系.所有模式的控制试验没有表现出明显的增暖趋势,但是,根据20世纪的排放,所有模式模拟出温室气体增加或温室气体与硫化物气溶胶增加,造成西北地区变暖平均为0.34~1.57℃/100 a和0.90~1.86℃/50 a.所有模式对21世纪中国西北地区气候变化的计算表明,21世纪由于人类活动排放温室气体增加,以及温室气体和硫化物气溶胶增加,西北地区气温将可能平均升高2.79~4.50℃/100a.对21世纪未来降水变化的分析表明,由于温室气体增加,以及由于温室气体和硫化物气溶胶增加,未来西北地区降水将可能增加48~60 mm/100a.由于全球气候模式在模拟区域尺度气候变化上存在较大的不确定性,以及人类活动排放的多样性,因此,对未来的预测展望存在不确定性.  相似文献   

6.
“一带一路”区域未来气候变化预估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用耦合模式比较计划第5阶段(CMIP5)提供的18个全球气候模式的模拟结果,预估了3种典型浓度路径(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP8.5)下“一带一路”地区平均气候和极端气候的未来变化趋势。结果表明:在温室气体持续排放情景下,“一带一路”地区年平均气温在未来将会持续上升,升温幅度随温室气体浓度的增加而加大。在高温室气体排放情景(RCP8.5)下,到21世纪末期,平均气温将普遍升高5℃以上,其中北亚地区升幅最大,南亚和东南亚地区升幅最小。对于降水的变化,预估该区域大部分地区的年降水量将增加,其中西亚和北亚增加最为明显,而且在21世纪中期,RCP2.6情景下的增幅要比RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下的偏大,而在21世纪后期,RCP8.5情景下降水的增幅比RCP2.6和RCP4.5情景下的偏大。未来极端温度也将呈升高的趋势,增温幅度高纬度地区大于低纬度地区、高排放情景大于低排放情景。而且在高纬度区域,极端低温的增暖幅度要大于极端高温的增幅。连续干旱日数在北亚和东亚总体呈现减少趋势,而在其他地区则呈增加趋势。极端强降水在“一带一路”区域总体上将增强,增强最明显的地区位于南亚、东南亚和东亚。  相似文献   

7.
王文  李栋梁  程国栋 《高原气象》2005,24(3):304-310
根据实测月最高最低气温资料,建立了1955—2000年青藏铁路沿线各站平均最高最低气温序列,最低气温在1975年以前偏冷,最冷的1960年代,比多年平均偏低1.4℃;1975年以后偏暖,到2000年气温距平达 1.4℃;最高气温的变化大体与前者相反,1960年代比多年平均气温偏暖约0.1℃,1970年代和1980年代偏冷约0.2℃,进入1990年代后才逐渐升高,2000年气温距平达 0.8℃。利用近1000年的太阳黑子周期长度(SCL)约有41,58,76,90和200年的5个显著周期及均生函数正交化筛选方案,预测21世纪SCL比20世纪平均长1年,在2055年达到极长年份12.4年,2068年转为极短年份10.6年。根据IPCC报告中未来100年大气CO2浓度的估计值(B2方案),研究了未来50~100年青藏铁路沿线平均最高最低气温变化趋势。同时,作为试验,利用事件概率回归估计模式预测,相对于1990年代而言,青藏铁路沿线平均最高(最低)气温到2050年升高0.4℃(2.4℃)的概率为66%(74%);到2100年升高1.4℃(6.9℃)左右的概率为85%(62%)。  相似文献   

8.
利用RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下区域气候模式RegCM4.0单向嵌套BCC_CSM1.1全球气候系统模式输出结果中海南岛区域的格点进行站点插值后的预估数据,分析了海南本岛21世纪气候变化情景,结果表明:21世纪海南岛总体呈变暖、变湿趋势.在RCP4.5情景下,年增暖倾向率为1.4℃/100a,在RCP8.5情景下,年增暖倾向率为3.4℃/100a.RCP4.5情景下,增温幅度最大的是冬季;RCP8.5情景下,前期增温幅度最大的是冬季,中期增温幅度最大的是夏季,后期增温幅度最大的在秋季.21世纪年降水距平百分率的变化有明显的阶段性变化.RCP4.5情景下前、后期降水增多不明显,中期增多明显;RCP8.5情景下前、后期的降水增加幅度比中期更明显.21世纪冷季降水可能减少,秋季可能更明显,冬季次之;暖季降水可能增加,夏季可能更明显.  相似文献   

9.
青藏铁路沿线平均年气温变化趋势预测   总被引:28,自引:12,他引:16  
李栋梁  郭慧  王文  魏丽 《高原气象》2003,22(5):431-439
青藏铁路沿线年平均气温具有很好的互相关性,特别是各站10年滑动平均气温序列互相关系数达到0.92,以此建立了1935-2002年青藏铁路沿线平均年气温序列Trw。研究表明:Trw对太阳黑子周期长度(SCL)和大气中CO2浓度有落后5年和15年的显著响应,其相关系数分别为-0.76(SCL)和0.88(CO2)。利用近1000年SCL的76、93、108、205和275年显著周期及均生函数模型预测了未来太阳活动周期的快慢:21世纪前50年的SCL总体偏长,活动周期放慢;后50年SCL总体偏短,活动周期加快。在考虑大气CO2浓度倍增和气候自然变化情况下,预测2l世纪前50年Trw与20世纪最后10年(1990年代)相比,其升温幅度在0.5℃左右;与20世纪最后30年(1971-2000年)相比,其升温幅度在l.O℃以内。这一升温幅度的概率为0.64~0.73。  相似文献   

10.
中国21世纪气候变化的情景模拟分析   总被引:33,自引:3,他引:33  
利用HadCM2和ECHAM4气候模式比较分析了温室气体排放综合效果相当于CO2浓度逐年递增1%情景下中国区域21世纪地面气温和降水量的变化趋势。结果表明:在温室气体渐进递增情景下,至21世纪末期,相对于1961-1990年的气候基准值,全国地面平均气温增幅可达5—6℃。与地面气温的变化相比,降水量的波动幅度较大,但全国范围内降水量变化的总趋势也是增加的。中国区域地面气温和降水量变化的地理分布显示:降水量的增加主要集中在南方区域,HadCM2预测21世纪末期降水增加可达0.9mm/d,ECHAM4预测可达0.6mm/d;ECHAM4模式模拟的气温增幅比HadCM2高,尤其是在冬季及中国北方和青藏高原地区,而HadCM2模式模拟的降水量的增加较大,但两个气候模式模拟的地面气温和降水量变化的总趋势大体一致。  相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

15.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.  相似文献   

17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.  相似文献   

18.
19.
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.  相似文献   

20.
Editorial          下载免费PDF全文
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society (CMS),Acta Meteorologica Sinica (AMS),which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents (CMS Editorial Committee,1925),AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields.  相似文献   

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