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1.
采用GC-MS联合二维核磁的方法,对文蛤均多糖结构进行解析。运用双酶辅助水提的方法,提取文蛤粗多糖(MMPX),分离纯化得到文蛤均多糖,并通过气质联用技术(GC-MS)和核磁共振波谱(1D,2D NMR),对文蛤均多糖的结构进行了分析。结果表明,从文蛤中提取得到文蛤粗多糖(MMPX),经分离纯化得到高纯度文蛤均多糖Fr.2A,其单糖组成为葡萄糖(Glc)。GC-MS分析发现,Fr.2A存在三种残基单元1,4-Glcp、T-Glcp和1,4,6-Glcp,摩尔比为5.58︰1.26︰1.0;核磁共振波谱分析表明,Fr.2A是以α-(1→4)与少量α-(1→6)连接为主链,并存在少量的α-(1→6)和β-(1→4)支链的新型水溶性D型吡喃葡聚糖。 相似文献
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研究南极树粉孢属(Oidiodendron truncatum)真菌所产胞外多糖的理化性质和结构特征。采用阴离子交换柱层析和凝胶柱层析对南极树粉孢属(Oidiodendron truncatum)真菌胞外多糖进行了系统的分离纯化,从中得到4个均一的组分(AFW1,AFW2,AFS1和AFS2),并结合红外、气质及核磁等技术对它们的结构进行了解析。结果表明:AFW1和AFW2为中性多糖,AFS1和AFS2中含有少量的蛋白;AFW1和AFS1是由甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖3种单糖组成的结构复杂的杂多糖;AFW2和AFS2则仅由葡萄糖组成,其中AFW2属线性(-1,6-葡聚糖,而AFS2属于C-3位有分支的α-1,6-葡聚糖。 相似文献
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甲壳质/壳聚糖及其衍生物的应用化学 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：21
甲壳质(Chitin),也称几丁质、壳多糖,俗称甲壳素,是一种天然高分子聚合物,属于氨基多糖,学名为N-乙酰-2-氨基-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖,分子式为(C8H13NO5)n,单体之间是以β(1→4)苷键连接,分子量一般在106左右,理论含氮量6.9%。甲壳质广泛存在于无脊椎动物的外壳,昆虫的外骨骼,内角质层,真菌的胞壁中。在自然界中,甲壳质的年生物合成量高达千亿吨之多,是仅次于纤维素的第2大自然资源。由于甲壳质天然、无毒(LD5016g/kg)和所具有的良好的生物相溶性、可降解性,以及独特的分子结构和物理、化学性质,使它在医学、药物制剂学、化工、食品、化妆品、… 相似文献
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研究拉恩氏菌(Rahnella sp. PJT09)胞外多糖的发酵条件,并进行多糖结构分析。通过单因素试验及正交试验确定拉恩氏菌Rahnella sp. PJT09发酵产糖的最适培养基组成为(g/L):蔗糖40,酵母膏3,NaCl 0.5,ZnCl20.3,K2HPO41;最佳发酵条件为每250 mL三角瓶装液量为100 mL,接种量为3%(体积分数),初始pH值为6.0,28℃,160 r/min培养54 h。在此条件下,Rahnella sp. PJT09多糖产量可达18.51 g/L。采用高效凝胶渗透色谱技术(HPGPC)测定了多糖的分子量,13C-NMR技术确定多糖的结构。研究表明,Rahnella sp. PJT09多糖为重均分子量320 kDa的-β2→6-D-果聚糖。 相似文献
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坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis T.J.Chang et B.F.Zheng)中的R-藻蓝蛋白在Bio-Rex 70柱上用脲溶液(pH3.0)解离和层析,得到了α和β两个亚基,用SDS-PAGE测定α和β亚基的分子量分别为18 400和20 500。变藻蓝蛋白的α和β两亚基均分子量经测定,分别为18 800和19 700。R-藻蓝蛋白和变藻蓝蛋白的分子量分别确定为117 000和112 000,两藻胆蛋白中α和β两个亚基的摩尔比都为1:1,确定两藻胆蛋白的亚基组成都为(αβ)_3。各亚基的发色团含量为:R-藻蓝蛋白中,α亚基含1个藻蓝胆素,β亚基含1个藻蓝胆素和1个藻红胆素。变藻蓝蛋白中,α和β亚基各含1个藻蓝胆素。 相似文献
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一株产褐藻酸多糖的海洋假单胞细菌Pseudomonas sp.QDA的筛选和鉴定 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据已获褐藻酸多糖生物合成基因簇中褐藻胶裂解酶基因(αlgL)的序列设计特异性引物，利用PCR技术从海洋微生物中筛选到1株能够分泌胞外多糖的细菌。采用形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株，结果为假单胞属细菌，命名为Pseudomonas sp.QDA；系统发育树显示该菌株与P.putida亲缘关系最近。菌株产生的胞外多糖可被褐藻胶裂解酶(AlgL)降解，并在紫外234nm处检测到特征性吸收，初步证明含有褐藻酸多糖。 相似文献
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珊瑚藻硫酸多糖的提取分离及其结构表征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
珊瑚藻(Corallina officinalis)经乙醇脱脂后,再依次经冷水、热水和热碱水溶液提取,从中获得了3种多糖(COW,COH和COA)。运用气相色谱法(GC)、高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及核磁共振碳谱(13C-NMR)等方法对其单糖组成、重均分子量以及结构进行了表征。结果表明:COW与COH均由半乳糖(Gal)和3,6-内醚-半乳糖(AnG)组成,COA则主要由葡萄糖(Glu)组成;3种多糖的相对分子量分别为24.6,28.4和15.8 kD;硫酸基含量分别为19.0%,15.5%和12.6%。经FTIR和13C-NMR分析表明,COW和COH均属于含有κ-卡拉胶和硫琼胶的杂聚糖,COA为6-硫酸-α-1,4-葡聚糖。 相似文献
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以海蕴(Nemacystus decipiens)为研究对象,经85%乙醇脱脂后,通过热水和2%碳酸钠提取并结合乙醇分级法获得了4个多糖组分(NW1~2和NA1~2)。运用HPIC、HPGPC及红外光谱(IR)等方法对其单糖组成、相对分子量以及基本结构特征进行了比较。结果表明,NA1是褐藻胶,经1H-NMR分析,其M/G为0.34。NA2及NW1~2均属于岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,且岩藻糖含量均达80%以上。NW1和NW2中岩藻糖(Fuc)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)和鼠李糖(Rha)摩尔比分别为100∶5∶3∶16∶1和100∶5∶4∶4∶1。NA2中不含葡萄糖,其Fuc、Gal、Xyl和Rha摩尔比为100∶13∶1∶2。多糖NW1~2和NA1~2的相对分子量分别为939.8,1001,223.6和402.3 kD。 相似文献
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以龙须菜粗多糖为原料,利用离子交换层析分离纯化,紫外光谱、醋酸纤维薄膜电泳和凝胶过滤层析法鉴定多糖的纯度及其分子量,同时进一步采用气相色谱分析龙须菜多糖的单糖组成.结果表明,利用蒸馏水、0.3mol/L NaCl和1.2mol/L NaCl溶液分步洗脱,DEAE-Sephadex A-25离子交换层析纯化得到龙须菜多糖的三个组分G1、G2和G3,得率分别为3.61%、69.26%、18.70%:G1、G2和G3均显示为单一电泳谱带和单一洗脱峰,无蛋白、核酸杂质,分子量依次为21993、48460、61031U;G2和G3的单糖组成主要为半乳糖、3.6-内醚半乳糖及少量葡萄糖;G2糖链通过1→2键与1→6键方式连接,存在非还原末端基及连三羟基,G3糖链则通过1→3键与1→2键方式连接. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献