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1.
针对海上钢结构严重腐蚀环境,分析了影响其腐蚀的主要因素,比较分析了钢结构常用的几种腐蚀防护方法。由于电弧喷涂复合涂层具有20 a以上的长效防腐寿命和涂层结合强度高、免维护等特点,因而成为海上钢结构防腐蚀的优选技术方案。还列举了国内外钢结构热喷涂防腐措施的应用实例及相关标准,对加强海上钢结构长效防腐的立法和推广应用提出了看法。 相似文献
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本文介绍了码头钢管桩潮差段底漆、底胶、聚乙烯包覆三层防腐结构的施工工艺及防腐材料的性能指标并简要介绍了防腐钢管桩的使用情况。 相似文献
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从埕岛海洋腐蚀环境入手 ,介绍了埕岛海上平台和海管的腐蚀现状所采用的防腐技术。提出了今后油田的防腐措施 相似文献
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Weak marine clay deposits are present in several regions of the world and they are imposing severe problems for structures founded in these deposits. The use of chemicals lime to improve the properties of these soft deposits is not new. In the present investigation, a test programme was carried out to study the influence of temperature on the engineering behaviour of chemical piles treated clays in the presence of sulphate and chloride contaminated marine environment. The formation of various cementation compounds due to soil-lime reactions were identified by X-ray diffraction studies, and the attributed changes occurred in the engineering properties of the soil systems were also brought out. The test results indicated that the increase in temperature has improved the engineering properties of soil significantly. 相似文献
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在氧化铝表面添加有机镀层可以降低其表面能,然而有机镀层具有附着力低、不稳定及污染环境等缺陷。PAOF（多孔氧化铝薄膜）在仿生学上具有类似自然界低表面能生物的表面微结构,为达到进一步提高其表面接触角目的,本研究采用加热冷却等对其进行处理。通过SEM观察,制得的低表面能材料具有约176 nm孔径的规则光滑多孔结构。表面元素分析表明加热处理后和处理前的表面具有一致的化学组成。推断是加热冷却过程使阳极氧化生成的铝氢氧化物和水合物复合结构发生失水,从而露出基底部规则的多孔结构。根据计算,当多孔表面的孔径约为176 nm时,孔中的水滴表面张力和孔隙大气压力将和水滴重力形成力学平衡。电化学实验结果表明,低表面能多孔氧化铝比普通氧化铝具有更低的腐蚀电流。 相似文献
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J.J. Simpson 《Progress in Oceanography》1984,13(1):71-93
From January 9 to 17, 1981, detailed physical, chemical and biological measurements were made through the historical surface signature (Berstein, Breaker and Whritner, 1977; Burkov and Pavlova, 1980; Simpson, 1982) of a warm-core eddy in the California Current System. The data show a three-layer system: surface layer to 75 m, intermediate cold-core region to about 200 m, and the physically dominant subsurface warm-core eddy to about 1400 m. The chemical structure simultaneously possesses characteristics of both warm- and cold-core eddies. This structure results from a complex interplay among non-local eddy generation processes at the time the three-layer system was formed and a continuous set of interactions within the three-layer system, both inshore (cold) and offshore (warm) waters of the California Current and coastal and local biological processes (e.g. this California Current System eddy is an isolated structure like some Gulf Stream rings). The dominant biological/chemical process in the euphotic zone is phytoplankton photosynthesis; photosynthetic alteration of the chemical structure below 100 m is much reduced. The effects of heterotrophic activity on the deeper-lying chemical structure, however are not as significant as those of autotrophs on the chemical structure of the euphotic zone. Hence, below 100 m, the distribution and structure of chemical properties is controlled primarily by physical processes. The continuous set of interactions of the three-layer system with coastal and oceanic waters of the California Current make this offshore eddy in the California Current System fundamentally different chemically and biologically from cold-core Gulf Stream rings and rather similar to some of the warm-core eddies found in the East Australian Current. 相似文献
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The preservation of good petrophysical properties (high porosity/high permeability) at great depth in carbonate rocks may lead to the existence of a deeply buried reservoir (DBR), a target of interest for the oil industry. One of the key processes controlling diagenesis of the burial environment is Pressure Solution Creep (PSC), an efficient compaction process responsible for the evolution of porosity and permeability in many carbonate reservoirs. In this experimental study, we examine the effect of i) the presence of oil in the pore space and ii) its timing of injection on the PSC process and the petrophysical properties of a carbonate rock. The experiments were performed using a flow-through high-pressure cell, allowing the simulation of the pressure/stresses and temperature conditions of a DBR. Multi-disciplinary data (mechanical, chemical, petrographical and petrophysical) demonstrate that, without oil in the pore space, the main diagenetic process is the PSC, a process reducing by three the initial porosity but having no influence on intrinsic water permeability. An early injection of oil prior to water circulation causes the inhibition of PSC by the coating of the grains, leading to the preservation of porosity. Conversely, a late injection of oil does not preserve initial porosity. The dataset obtained from these experiments show the importance of the timing of oil charging in a reservoir in the preservation of initial porosity at great depth by the inhibition of PSC. However, the coating of grains by hydrocarbons may also inhibit further diagenetic processes leading to a creation of secondary porosity at depth. 相似文献
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海洋钢结构浪溅区、潮差区防腐蚀方法的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从研究腐蚀角度来看,钢桩式构筑物在海洋环境中的腐蚀一般被划分为五个区带,即海洋大气区、浪花飞溅区、潮差区、海水全浸区和海底泥土区。为减轻其腐蚀,必须对不同部位采取相应的防腐蚀措施。在海洋大气区和海水全浸区目前所采用的保护方法,可得到满意的保护效果。潮差区平均中潮位以下的部位,可以得到同全浸区基本相同的阴极保护效果,不须采取其他特殊的防腐蚀措施。而浪花飞溅区和潮差区平均中潮位以上部位腐蚀最为严重,采取防腐蚀措施也比较困难。为此,不少学者特别对浪溅区、潮差区的防腐蚀方法 相似文献
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—Corrosion of reinforced concrete structures is a serious problem in ocean engineering.As anorientation of study anticorrosion coating technique is developed and widely applied.but many problemsneed to be solved.LSW-2 type anticorrosion coating for maritime reinforced concrete structures is charac-terized by sea water resistance.salt fog resistance.moisture and heat resistance as well as impermeabilityto chlorions.The new type coating can be applied to wet concrete surface by conventional constructiontechnique.It is a breakthrough in solving the above- mentioned problem.The paper mainly introduces thetest results.the property indices.coating procedure.construction technique and economic benefit ofthe coating. 相似文献
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用GDX 102树脂从海洋浮游植物三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)的分解产物和代谢产物中分离提取腐植类物质(DHS,EHS)及乙醇可溶物(DES,EES),用~1H-NMR,IR和UV光谱进行结构分析,并同海水中腐植质(HS)和乙醇可溶物(ES)做了比较。结果表明,DHS,EHS和HS都以高支链烷烃、碳水化合物和氨基酸结构为主要组分,另有少量芳烃和杂环化合物。它们的化学结构很相似,说明DHS和EHS是海水腐植质的重要来源。 相似文献
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天然水环境中的溶解有机物及其光化学降解对重金属生物可利用性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
溶解有机物(DOM)在控制水生生态系统的化学、生物和物理特性中起着重要的作用.DOM不仅能够结合黏土颗粒,而且也能结合对环境和生物有重要影响的Hg,Cu,Pb,Cd,Ni等重金属和有机污染物,从而改变这些物质的迁移、生物可利用性和毒性.本文综述了天然水环境中DOM与重金属的相互作用和对其生物可利用性的影响,并对影响DOM光化学降解的因素及其对重金属生物可利用性的影响做了总结.已有的研究表明:DOM的结构、分子量、浓度、重金属种类、水环境条件等均会影响到DOM与重金属污染物的相互作用;光化学降解会显著改变DOM与重金属的相互作用,从而使其生物可利用性发生变化. 相似文献
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Large deposits of marine clays are encountered all along the Indian coastal belt. These clays are pleistocene to recent in origin, are considered to be young, and were deposited in a salt or brackish environment. These clays are very soft in consistency with low in-situ strength and high compressibility. The properties of these soil deposits depend mainly on the clay minerals present. In the present investigation, the mineralogical studies of some Cochin marine clays were carried out using XRD technique. The physical and chemical properties of these deposits were also reported. The test results were compared with some earlier reported works on marine clays. 相似文献
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甲壳素是一种天然高分子多糖，具有与纤维素相近的骨架结构，其资源丰富，用途广泛(方波，1998)。但由于分子内和分子间存在很强的氢键作用力，因而不能熔融，也不溶于普通溶剂(如水、乙醇等)(董炎明等，2002)，实际应用中较多的是其部分或全部脱乙酰化产物——壳聚糖。壳聚糖虽然可以溶于酸性水溶液，但不能直接溶于水中，且在酸性水溶液中不稳定，也不溶于一般的有机溶剂，这在很大程度上限制了它的应用(董炎明等，2002)。所以，水溶性壳聚糖衍生物的研制正成为一个新的研究方向。壳聚糖分子中C2位上的-NH2，C3、C6位上的-OH，均具有较强的反应活性，在适当条件下可进行多种化学修饰，如酰基化、羧烷基化、硫酸酯化、烷基化、羟烷基化及氰烷基化等。引入上述功能性基团，可增加壳聚糖的溶解性和功能性，拓宽了壳聚糖的应用范围。这些衍生物的制备研究已成为壳聚糖应用开发的主要方向之一。 相似文献
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It is the purpose of this paper to present a new method for the calculation of hydrostatic properties of intact and damaged ship hulls and other floating structures. The geometry of the floating structure is modelled as a set of compartments, bounded by flat panels. Hydrostatic properties are derived by pressure integration on these panel elements. By application of Greens integration theorem the area integration is transformed into line integrals around the contour of each element. The line integrals can be expressed analytically such that the final result is that all the hydrostatic properties can be determined as a summation of easily evaluated expressions. This calculation procedure has the advantage of being well suited for computer calculation, and is easily applied to truly arbitrarily shaped floating structures. Another advantage is that it is based on a geometrical model which is equally suited for finite element strength analysis and hydrodynamic calculations based on a panel method. The application of the procedure is demonstrated by an example. 相似文献
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以海水为溶剂,采用熔融法合成了纳米粉煤灰沸石。粉煤灰与NaOH的质量比为1:1.2,熔融温度550℃,熟料质量与海水固液的体积比为1:5(g/mL),晶化温度100℃,晶化时间6h。通过仪器分析和化学方法,对产物的结构、形貌、性能进行表征。同时,研究了产物的矿物组成、形貌、比表面积、阳离子交换量及化学组成。结果表明:产物为NaX型沸石和羟基方钠石的复合型沸石,海水晶化粉煤灰通过碱熔融法得到沸石质量优于传统水热法。合成沸石的性能和各项应用指标表明,所合成的沸石具有良好的实际应用价值。 相似文献
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采用2种不同的合成路线制备出CePO4,利用非均相成核法和sol-gel法实现了CePO4对ZrO2的包覆,探讨了室温和600 ℃煅烧后粉体的包覆结果,通过SEM,TEM和XRD手段研究了合成产物和包覆产物的形貌及物相结构.实验结果表明,利用非均相成核法室温下可以实现六方CePO4纤维对ZrO2的包覆,经过600 ℃煅烧,形成六方CePO4包覆ZrO2的核-壳结构;利用sol-gel法在室温下可形成CePO4前驱体对ZrO2的包覆,经过600 ℃煅烧,包覆层CePO4由无定形态逐渐向晶态转变,形成单斜CePO4对ZrO2的包覆. 相似文献
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This paper presents numerical solutions for the wave reflection from submerged porous structures in front of the impermeable vertical breakwater. A new time-dependent mild-slope equation involves the parameters of the porous medium including the porosity, the friction factor and the inertia coefficient, etc. is derived for solving the boundary value problem. A comprehensive comparison between the present model and the existing analytical solution for the case of simple rectangular geometries of the submerged structure is performed first. Then, more complicated cases such as the inclined and trapezoidal submerged porous structures in front of the vertical breakwater with sloping bottom are considered. This study also examines the effects of the permeable properties and the geometric configurations of the porous structure to the wave reflection. It is found that the submerged porous structure with trapezoidal shape has more efficiency to reduce the wave reflection than that of triangular shape. The numerical results show that the minimum wave reflection is occurred when the breakwater is located at the intermediate water depth. 相似文献
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《Ocean Modelling》2010,33(3-4):143-156
We present a physically and numerically motivated boundary-value problem for each vertical ocean column, whose solution yields a parameterized mesoscale eddy-induced transport streamfunction. The new streamfunction is a nonlocal function of the properties of the fluid column. It is constructed to have a low baroclinic mode vertical structure and to smoothly transition through regions of weak stratification such as boundary layers or mode waters. It requires no matching conditions or regularization in unstratified regions; it satisfies boundary conditions of zero transport at the ocean surface and bottom; and it provides a sink of available potential energy for each vertical seawater column, but not necessarily at each location within the column. Numerical implementation of the methodology requires the solution of a one-dimensional tridiagonal problem for each vertical column. To illustrate the approach, we present an analytical example based on the nonlinear Eady problem and two numerical simulations. 相似文献