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1.
人放天养的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)质量好、个体大、耐运输、肉质鲜美,是优质高档蟹的代表,但产量严重不足。建立一套湖泊中华绒螯蟹自然生产潜力估算的模型来估算湖泊中华绒螯蟹自然生产潜力,确定放养量,以达到湖泊中华绒螯蟹稳产已迫在眉睫。本文根据近20年来作者对湖泊中华绒螯蟹放养的经验,结合灰估理论,提出蟹自然生产潜力:W=[B1K1C1/R1+B2K2C2/R2]·(B1+B2)2/B12+B2和蟹种放养量:W0=P0[B1K1C1/R1+B2K2C2/R2]·U/P估算模型,并与生产实践进行求证。其结果与生产实践存在较好的一致性。其估算结果可作为指导湖泊中华绒螯蟹生产的依据。 相似文献
2.
《海洋湖沼通报》2020,(2)
近年来,随着湖泊富营养化程度的加深,菹草疯长及其腐败给湖区环境造成了严重破坏。本文采用不投喂方式,对比研究了东平湖草鱼-中华绒螯蟹不同复合养殖模式下鱼、蟹生长情况及其对底质碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)营养盐含量的影响,来筛选适宜东平湖的生态养殖模式。结果表明,草鱼的摄食作用能有效控制菹草生物量,减轻菹草腐败带来的底质污染;中华绒螯蟹在整个养殖期间能在一定程度上控制或减轻底质碳氮磷含量,达到"养底"目的;综合比较发现,C2E1(草鱼2 ind/m~2,中华绒螯蟹1 ind/m~2)为最佳生态养殖模式,鱼、蟹生长状况最优,可生产草鱼31037.04 Kg/ha,中华绒螯蟹359.94Kg/ha,同时每产出1 t草鱼可从环境中带走129.43 Kg的C、27.83 Kg的N及3.30 Kg的P,每产出1 t中华绒螯蟹可从环境中带走121.51 Kg的C、17.22 Kg的N及1.89 Kg的P,养殖经济效益和生态效益均比较理想。 相似文献
3.
通过投喂添加β-胡萝卜素质量比分别为50,100 mg/kg的实验饲料,饲养中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)60 d,探讨了对中华绒螯蟹卵巢发育及免疫学指标的影响。结果表明,β-胡萝卜素能够明显增加中华绒螯蟹的质量,提高养殖成活率;极显著提高中华绒螯蟹血细胞吞噬百分率(P<0.01);显著或极显著降低血清超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.05或P<0.01);极显著增加卵巢中总类胡萝卜素的含量(P<0.01);显著增加肝胰腺中总类胡萝卜素的含量(P<0.05);较明显增加中华绒螯蟹卵巢指数和卵母细胞直径,但对于肝胰腺指数、卵巢和肝胰腺蛋白质影响较小。 相似文献
4.
荧光标记微卫星分析人工饲养中华绒螯蟹的遗传多样性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
分析中华绒螯蟹的遗传多样性，采集来自无锡、苏州和上海人工养殖样品102个，运用毛细管电泳检测荧光标记（FAM或HEX）的10个中华绒螯蟹微卫星DNA位点。在所有的3个群体中，单一位点等位基因数从15～42个，平均值为22．9；多态信息含量（PIC）和有效等位基因数（E）分别高达0．826和7．699。结果表明10个位点均为高度多态位点，中华绒螯蟹人工养殖群体具有较高的遗传多样性。欧氏遗传距离、遗传相似性和群体各亚群体内固定系数（Fst）平均值分别为0．439，0．825和0．099，结果显示不同的人工养殖群体之间也存在较大的遗传多样性。除上海群体在同步突变模式（SMM）下，近期不会有瓶颈（P=0．35）；所有群体在SMM和无限等位基因模式（IAM）下均有显著或极显著的瓶颈（P〈0．01或0．05），结果说明科学的品种保护计划的迫切性。本研究首次选择遗传标记微卫星DNA评估中华绒螯蟹的遗传多样性，并采用高精度的毛细管电泳检测技术，将对中华绒螯蟹的品种保护和合理利国提倡科学依据。 相似文献
5.
中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹线粒体COI基因片段的序列比较研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以相应引物 PCR扩增了黄河口中华绒螯蟹线粒体细胞色素氧化酶 I亚基基因 (COI)片段 ,PCR产物经 T载体连接之后进行克隆、测序 ,得到 70 9bp的碱基序列 ,其 A,T,G,C含量分别为 34.4 1% ,2 7.93% ,2 0 .0 3%和 17.6 3%。并比较它与珠江流域中华绒螯蟹 COI序列和日本绒螯蟹 COI序列的差异 ,发现黄河口中华绒螯蟹与珠江流域中华绒螯蟹 COI序列完全相同 ,而与日本绒螯蟹差异非常明显 ,70 9或 6 5 8(不计引物 )位点中核苷酸差异数为 32 ,核苷酸差异率为 4 .5 1%或 4 .86 % (不计引物 ) ,其中 2 5个位点为转换 ,7个位点为颠换。作者倾向于支持存在中华绒螯蟹和日本绒螯蟹 ,或它们为同一种的两个地理亚种的观点 相似文献
6.
水体铜对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)代谢酶活力的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用生态学单因子梯度试验方法,研究了水环境中添加0·01、0·10、1·00、5·00mg/L的铜(Cu2 )对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺、血淋巴和鳃代谢酶活力的影响。结果表明,随着Cu2 浓度的增高,肝胰腺和血淋巴的铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu-Zn SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力和血蓝蛋白均呈先增加后减少的变化趋势。鳃钠钾三磷酸腺苷酶(Na ,K -ATPase)、钙镁三磷酸腺苷酶(Ca2 ,Mg2 -ATPase)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活力均随着Cu2 浓度的增高而降低。随着Cu2 浓度的增高,肝胰腺髓性过氧化物酶(MPO)活力呈先减少后增加的变化趋势。水环境中添加0·01mg/L Cu2 就可对中华绒螯蟹代谢酶产生显著影响,并随着Cu2 浓度的增高,对中华绒螯蟹机体的影响逐渐加剧。表明代谢酶活力的变化可以灵敏地反映Cu2 的胁迫程度和毒性。 相似文献
7.
以三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期幼蟹为材料,采用组织切片等方法研究其大螯断肢后再生生长规律。结果表明,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期幼蟹大螯一次蜕壳再生率分别为59.9%,75.3%,74.2%,80.4%,69.5%;断肢组存活率分别为89.4%,84.9%,85.2%,89.4%和74.2%,均低于对照组的98.2%,90.3%,95.1%,90.2%和80.3%,但差异不显著(P0.05);第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期断肢组在去大螯后平均蜕壳周期分别为3.33d、4.47d和6.27d,显著长于正常组的2.13d、3.89d和5.63d)(P0.05),而第Ⅳ、Ⅴ期断肢组平均蜕壳周期分别为7.12d和10.86d,极显著长于对照组的6.11d和8.09d(P0.01),且断肢个体的生长期越往后,断肢再生所需时间越长。本研究依据再生附肢发育特点将三疣梭子蟹大螯断肢再生划分为6个标志性发育阶段:再生芽基期、肢芽趾缝期、肢芽分化期、肢芽斑点期、肢芽成熟期、肢体出膜期;第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期蟹再生肢芽横纵比平均值分别达到0.32、0.318、0.398、0.518、0.538时,断肢幼蟹可以达到附肢出膜的临界点。综上所述,三疣梭子蟹断肢后能在1个蜕壳周期内完成大螯再生,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期断肢幼蟹蜕壳周期时间显著高于正常幼蟹;断肢组成活率低于对照组,但差异不显著,第Ⅳ期幼蟹的再生率和存活率均最高;各期幼蟹断肢再生附肢均经过6个具有标志性事件的发育阶段;各期再生肢芽横纵比值具有一定临界值(0.32,0.318,0.398,0.518,0.538)。本研究首次对三疣梭子蟹断肢再生过程及再生能力进行了探究,结果将有助于甲壳类断肢再生机理的阐明。 相似文献
8.
将中华绒螯蟹三倍体大眼幼体群体 (三倍体率 64.38% )在池塘中养殖 ,对其早期生长及营养进行测定。结果表明 ,从三倍体群体自身的生长状况看 ,放养后 68— 78天是整个测量期间三倍体群体生长最快的阶段 ,其中壳长增长显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,壳宽和体重的增加极显著 (P <0 .0 1 )。与二倍体群体相比 ,放养后 68— 1 0 6天 ,三倍体群体在壳长、壳宽、体重上都表现出明显的生长优势 (P <0 .0 1 )。三倍体幼蟹蟹体氨基酸总量高于正常二倍体幼蟹 ,必需氨基酸中苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸的含量高于二倍体 ,而蛋氨酸的含量则低于二倍体幼蟹。蟹体中不饱和脂肪酸所占比例三倍体幼蟹低于正常二倍体 ,EPA、DHA及多不饱和脂肪酸所占的比例也低于二倍体。结果表明 ,三倍体幼蟹的生长比正常二倍体具有优势 ,并且在营养组成上也和二倍体有所差异。 相似文献
9.
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)是我国重要的渔业捕捞和水产养殖对象,但野生中华绒螯蟹溯河洄游过程中的摄食生态尚不明确。本论文以长江野生中华绒螯蟹为研究对象,沿其洄游路线设置3个采样区域,采集不同发育时期的幼体及其潜在的食物来源等样品。通过对比分析幼体及食源样品的碳、氮稳定同位素特征,对中华绒螯蟹溯河洄游期的食物组成及变化进行探讨。结果发现,从大眼幼体到幼蟹,碳稳定同位素(δ~(13)C)呈现逐渐变轻的趋势,氮稳定同位素(δ~(15)N)呈现逐渐变重的趋势。表明中华绒螯蟹从大眼幼体到幼蟹的发育过程中,随着幼体不断向上游江段回溯,食物中陆源物质的比例逐渐增大,食物来源由浮游性食物向底栖性食物转变,且营养级逐渐增高。综合分析证明,在生境多样化、食物来源复杂的河流生态系统中,δ~(13)C值呈现的是食物来源的区域性和特异性,可以识别中华绒螯蟹洄游过程中的食源变化。δ~(15)N值虽受到区域氮源以及生物地球化学过程的影响,仍能体现幼体发育过程中营养级的差异。 相似文献
10.
中华绒螯蟹大水体高产育苗技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheur Sinensis)俗称河蟹、毛蟹,为高等甲壳动物。中华绒螯蟹适应性强,价值高,风味独特,营养丰富,是一种极好的增养殖对象,也是水产品中出口创汇的主要品种之一。中华绒螯蟹的营养成分中蛋白质为14%,脂肪为5.9%,碳水化合物为7%,每100g蟹肉中维生素含量高达5960个国际单位,热量5.6×105J。近年来,我国河蟹养殖发展较快,苗种出现供不应求的局面,故人工育苗的产量急需提高。中华绒螯蟹育苗共分六期(Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4,Z5及大眼幼体),1998年,河蟹大水体人工育苗在注重高科技的前提下,使Z1变态Z2的成活率达到80%以上,Z1到Z4的成活率达到66.7%,Z1到M(大眼幼体)的成活率达到31.4%,单位水体出苗量8.94×104只/m3,出池的大眼幼体单位数量为7.84×104只/500g。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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19.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献