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1.
辽河三角洲地区海平面上升趋势及其影响评估 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
根据潮位资料分析,辽河三角洲平原和辽东湾东岸近四五十年来相对海平面处于上升趋势,从70年代以来平均每年上升量为5mm左右.考虑到辽河三角洲平原地面下沉以及全球性海平面将加速上升,预计下个世纪内,辽河三角洲平原相对海平面上升的速率将达到8-10mm/a,到2050年相对海平面上升量将达到40～55cm.利用遥感和地理信息系统,对不同的海平面上升量将造成的土地淹没损失进行了预测.如不加防护,相对海平面上升0.5m时,将淹没近4000km2,包括整个营口市区和半个盘锦市区;上升1.0m时,将淹没5000km2.对海平面上升将造成海岸侵蚀、风暴潮和洪涝等灾害加剧等影响也进行了分析. 相似文献
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海平面上升对中国沿海地区影响初析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近五十年来中国沿岸海平面变化总的呈上升趋势，年变率平均为１．４ｍｍ／ａ，中国沿岸地形复杂，未来海平面上升可能影响的主要脆弱区为黄河、长江和珠江三大三角洲和滨海平原，其可能受害区域估计达３５０００ｋｍ＾２。影响中国沿岸相对海平面上升的主要因素有：近代地壳垂直运动和地面沉降，台风和风暴潮，海岸侵蚀和海咸水入侵等。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲河道近期冲淤特征初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近20多年,在人为因素影响下,珠江三角洲网河区和口门区的水沙分配发生了 重大变化．水沙东输,加速了伶仃洋的淤积,其年均淤积量、水域缩减面积、滩涂的年 均增长率,分别为磨刀门的2．4倍、1．7倍、6.4倍．网河区河道由淤转冲,过水断面面 积扩大13．9％～31．9％;冲刷速率12～21cm／a． 相似文献
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夏江江 严中伟 周文 FONG Soi Kun LEONG Ka Cheng TANG Iu Man CHANG S W LEONG W K 靳少非 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(9):78-84
Projections of potential submerged area due to sea level rise are helpful for improving understanding of the influence of ongoing global warming on coastal areas. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method is used to adaptively decompose the sea level time series in order to extract the secular trend component. Then the linear relationship between the global mean sea level(GMSL) change and the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta(PRD)sea level change is calculated: an increase of 1.0 m in the GMSL corresponds to a 1.3 m(uncertainty interval from1.25 to 1.46 m) increase in the PRD. Based on this relationship and the GMSL rise projected by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios(representative concentration pathways, or RCPs, from low to high emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), the PRD sea level is calculated and projected for the period 2006–2100. By around the year 2050, the PRD sea level will rise 0.29(0.21 to 0.40) m under RCP2.6, 0.31(0.22 to 0.42) m under RCP4.5, and 0.34(0.25 to 0.46) m under RCP8.5, respectively.By 2100, it will rise 0.59(0.36 to 0.88) m, 0.71(0.47 to 1.02) m, and 1.0(0.68 to 1.41) m, respectively. In addition,considering the extreme value of relative sea level due to land subsidence(i.e., 0.20 m) and that obtained from intermonthly variability(i.e., 0.33 m), the PRD sea level will rise 1.94 m by the year 2100 under the RCP8.5scenario with the upper uncertainty level(i.e., 1.41 m). Accordingly, the potential submerged area is 8.57×103 km2 for the PRD, about 1.3 times its present area. 相似文献
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中国近海海平面变化研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对近10年来中国近海海平面变化研究成果的分析得出:(1)中国海域海平面变化时空差异明显,沿海海平面高值出现在8—9月,最低值出现在2—3月,季节最大差值可达20.75 cm;黄海和东海海区东南高、西北低;南海夏季西低东高,冬季东低西高;从辽宁到广西海平面上升速率差异大,范围在-2.1~10 mm/a之间;相对海平面上升较快区域主要是黄河三角洲、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲,2050年3个地区海平面预计分别上升980、720、520 mm。(2)地面沉降已经成为中国东部沿海相对海平面上升速率高的重要影响因素,在黄河三角洲和长江三角洲人口密集地区尤为突出。(3)每年8—9月为我国一年中的海平面最高月份,此时也正是热带气旋影响中国东南沿海的高峰时段,在季风、热带气旋等共同作用下,东南沿海高海平面将对东南沿海城市安全构成严重威胁。 相似文献
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采用1984年8月28日19时—29日24时黄浦江米市;渡至吴淞口水位和流量资料,根据描述河道中水流非恒定流动的Saini-Venant方程组,建立了模拟黄浦江潮位和潮量特征变化的数值模式。考虑未来海平面上升,预测了黄浦江潮位和潮量的变化及对周围环境的影响。计算结果表明,随着海平面的上升,黄浦江潮位相应增加,高潮位的上升值大于海平面上升值;低潮位的上升值小于海平面上升值,潮差增大。在同一海平面上升值下,潮差增量由下游向上游渐渐增大,随着海平面的上升,涨潮量和落潮量都相应增加。 相似文献
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Tariq Masood Ali Khan D. A. Razzaq Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhry Dewan Abdul Quadir Anwarul Kabir Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):159-174
The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated. 相似文献
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Tariq Masood Ali Khan D. A. Razzaq Qamar-Uz-Zaman Chaudhry Dewan Abdul Quadir Anwarul Kabir Majajul Alam Sarker 《Marine Geodesy》2002,25(1):159-174
The UNEP in its regional seas program in 1989 has included Pakistan in a group of countries which are vulnerable to the impact of rising sea level. If the present trend of sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi continues, in the next 50 years the sea level rise along the Pakistan Coast will be 50 mm (5 cm). Since the rising rates of sea level at Karachi are within the global range of 1-2 mm/year, the trends may be treated as eustatic SLR. Historical air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST) data of Karachi also show an increasing pattern and an increasing trend of about 0.67°C has been registered in the air temperature over the last 35 years, whereas the mean SST in the coastal waters of Karachi has also registered an increasing trend of about 0.3°C in a decade. Sindh coastal zone is more vulnerable to sea level rise than Baluchistan coast, as uplifting of the coast by about 1-2 mm/year due to subduction of Indian Ocean plate is a characteristic of Baluchistan coast. Within the Indus deltaic creek system, the area nearby Karachi is more vulnerable to coastal erosion and accretion than the other deltaic region, mainly due to human activities together with natural phenomena such as wave action, strong tidal currents, and rise in sea level. Therefore, The present article deals mainly with the study of dynamical processes such as erosion and accretion associated with sea level variations along the Karachi coast and surrounding Indus deltaic coastline. The probable beach erosion in a decade along the sandy beaches of Karachi has been estimated. The estimates show that 1.1 mm/year rise in sea level causes a horizontal beach loss of 110 mm per year. Therefore, coast eroded with rise in sea level at Karachi and surrounding sandy beaches would be 1.1 m during a period of next 10 years. The northwestern part of Indus delta, especially the Gizri and Phitti creeks and surrounding islands, are most unstable. Historical satellite images are used to analyze the complex pattern of sediment movements, the change in shape of coastline, and associated erosion and accretion patterns in Bundal and Buddo Islands. The significant changes in land erosion and accretion areas at Bundal and Buddo Islands are evident and appear prominently in the images. A very high rate of accretion of sediments in the northwestern part of Buddo Island has been noticed. In the southwest monsoon season the wave breaking direction in both these islands is such that the movement of littoral drift is towards west. Erosion is also taking place in the northeastern and southern part of Bundal Island. The erosion in the south is probably due to strong wave activities and in the northeast is due to strong tidal currents and seawater intrusion. Accretion takes place at the northwest and western parts of Bundal Island. By using the slope of Indus delta, sea encroachment and the land area inundation with rising sea level of 1 m and 2 m have also been estimated. 相似文献
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Future potential sea level change in the South China Sea(SCS) is estimated by using 24 CMIP5 models under different representative concentration pathway(RCP) scenarios. By the end of the 21 st century(2081–2100 relative to 1986–2005), the multimodel ensemble mean dynamic sea level(DSL) is projected to rise 0.9, 1.6, and 1.1 cm under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, resulting in a total sea level rise(SLR) of 40.9, 48.6, and 64.1 cm in the SCS. It indicates that the SCS will experience a substantial SLR over the 21 st century, and the rise is only marginal larger than the global mean SLR. During the same period, the steric sea level(SSL) rise is estimated to be 6.7, 10.0, and 15.3 cm under the three scenarios, respectively, which accounts only for 16%, 21% and 24% of the total SLR in this region. The changes of the SSL in the SCS are almost out of phase with those of the DSL for the three scenarios. The central deep basin has a slightly weak DSL rise, but a strong SSL rise during the 21 st century, compared with the north and southwest shelves. 相似文献
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我国海岸带主要灾害地质因素及其影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
我国海岸带灾害地质主要有构造、坡地重力、水动力、地下水、岩土与地层结构、海平面上升、地球化学、风力灾害等地质因素，具有复杂、连锁和差异性空间分布的特征。根据验潮资料，近百年来我国海平面上升19～20cm，上升率为2～3mm／a。整体以海平面上升为主，但也有岸段下降，主要是山东半岛，平均速率为-0．13cm／a。预测2050年上升幅度：天津70～100cm；黄河三角洲40～50cm；长江三角洲50～70cm；珠江三角洲40～60cm。地面沉降大部分是由过量开采地下水引起的。我国96个地面沉降城市和地区中80％在沿海地区，如天津、上海、苏州、常州、无锡、嘉兴、宁波、湛江、台北等。累计沉降量为460～2780mm，沉降速率10～56mm／a。由于地下水的过量开采，20世纪80年代以来，我国辽宁、河北、天津、山东、江苏、上海、广西、海南和台湾等省市，均发生不同程度的海水入侵，给国民经济和社会发展造成重大损失。我国70％砂质海岸和大部分淤泥质海岸发生侵蚀。这种态势始于上世纪50年代，80年代明显加强。海岸侵蚀主要有区域环境变化、河流水利工程拦截泥沙以及海岸人工采沙等因素。 相似文献
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基于中国沿海10个验潮站资料,利用皮尔森Ⅲ型(P-Ⅲ)模型探讨了典型浓度路径(Representative Concentration Pathway,RCP)情景下21世纪海平面上升对中国沿海地区极值水位重现期的影响。结果表明:海平面上升将显著缩短极值水位的重现期。在RCP8.5情景下极值水位的重现期缩短最为显著。预估到2050年,在RCP8.5情景下,所研究的中国沿海地区潮位站的百年一遇极值水位将变为9~43 a一遇。到2100年,在RCP8.5情景下,百年一遇极值水位变为1~18 a一遇。当前极值水位的低概率事件将在2100年变得普遍,在RCP8.5情景下,到2100年千年一遇的几乎每两百年发生一次。由于极值水位的重现期会随着气候变化而缩短,未来沿海地区将会面临更严峻的风险与挑战。 相似文献
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This is a review of sea level data performed at three selected stations (Québec-Lauzon, Harrington Harbour,and Halifax) in eastern Canada in order to investigate the seasonal trends and other long-term and short-term changes which occurred since the beginning of the 20th century. Stations situated in riverine or estuarine regions (e.g., Québec-Lauzon) are significantly affected by freshwater flow in their annual cycle of sea level changes and exhibit a definite maximum in spring and minimum in autumn-winter. Other stations situated in the eastern half of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (e.g., Harrington Harbour) or near the open Atlantic coast (Halifax) mainly follow the general cycle of subarctic regions, with lows in spring-summer and highs in autumn-winter. Such seasonal variations appear to be related to the atmospheric pressure and baroclinic current variations. Secular trends in mean sea level in eastern Canadian waterbodies show a mean rise of about 2.56 mm/yr -1 due to tectonic motions, that is, land subsidence. At several stations in eastern Canada, evidence is found for the influence of the nodal tide (18.6 years), the sunspot cycle (10.8 years), the lunar perigee (8.47 years), the pole tide (14.5 months), the annual cycle (12 months), and semiannual tidal cycle (6 months) in sea level records. Beside long-term oscillations with periods of more than one year, evidence is found for high energetic semidiurnal and diurnal tides where they contribute largely (from 90-95%) to short term variability of sea level. In the residual signal (variations of sea level--tidal variations), short-term variations between 2 to 30 days can be attributed to meterological forcing (atmospheric pressure and winds), longitudinal seiches (2-10 h), atmospheric tides (12 h and 24 h) and inertial oscillations (16-18 h). A regressive model showed that the water discharge from the St. Lawrence River contributes 29% to the monthly residual sea level at Québec-Lauzon. The atmospheric pressure and winds contribute respectively 8.1% and 8.9% at this station. They contribute 52.1% and 7.7% at Harrington Harbour and 41.8% and 14.3% at Halifax. The regression coefficients of residual sea level on atmospheric pressure are respectively estimated to be -1.507 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ( - 0.345 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ), -0.776 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ( - 0.112 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ) and -0.825 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ( - 0.008 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ) at the three stations. Compared to the coefficient of the inverted barometer, estimated to be -1 cm. ( hPa ) -1 , these effects of the atmospheric pressure on sea level variations seem to be amplified at Que´bec-Lauzon by the wind effects (and water discharge) while they are reduced at Harrington Harbour and Halifax. 相似文献
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1 .IntroductionTheglobalairtemperatureroseabout 0 .5～ 0 .6°Coverthepast 2 0thcentury ,andtheglobalmeansealevelincreasedbyabout2 0cmduringtheperiod .Theregionalmeansealevelriseswiththerisingglobalmeansealevel.Zuoetal.( 1 997)indicatedthatthemeanrisingrateofabsolutemeansealevelalongtheChinacoastontheassumptionofunifiedisostaticdatumis 2mm a .Woodworth( 1 999)analyzedsealevelspanning 1 76 8tothepresentinLiverpool,andobtainedaseculartrendforheperiodupto 1 880of0 .39± 0 .1 7mm a ,andatrendfort… 相似文献
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长江口南汇嘴近岸海床近期演变分析——兼论长江流域来沙量变化的影响 总被引：18，自引：6，他引：18
长江口南汇嘴地处长江口和杭州湾的交汇处,是长江三角洲南翼向海延伸部分,是长江入海径流和泥沙进入杭州湾和东南沿海的主要输沙通道.在丰富的长江入海泥沙供应下,随着长江三角洲的向海伸展,南汇嘴近岸海床不断淤积.进入20世纪90年代,由于长江流域下泄泥沙的减少,引起南汇嘴近岸海床由淤积过程转向冲刷过程.此外,沿岸滩地的大规模的促淤造地工程,亦拦截了长江口入海的过境泥沙,从而加速近岸海床的冲刷.在今后相当长的一段时期内,随着长江流域大中型水库的不断兴建,长江入海泥沙量将持续保持在较低水平上,海床冲刷将不可逆转地持续下去,这应引起海洋工程建设部门的重视. 相似文献
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Sea level fluctuations in central California at subtidal to decadal and longer time scales with implications for San Francisco Bay, California 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sea level elevations from near the mouth of San Francisco Bay are used to describe the low-frequency variability of forcing of the coastal ocean on the Bay at a variety of temporal scales. About 90% of subtidal fluctuations in sea level in San Francisco Bay are driven by the sea level variations in the coastal ocean that propagate into the Bay at the estuary mouth. We use the 100-year sea level record available at San Francisco to document a 1.9 mm/yr mean sea level rise, and to determine fluctuations related to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other climatic events. At time scales greater than 1 year, ENSO dominates the sea level signal and can result in fluctuations in sea level of 10–15 cm. Alongshore wind stress data from central California are also analyzed to determine the impact of changes in coastal elevation at the mouth of San Francisco Bay within the synoptic wind band of 2–30 days. At least 40% of the subtidal fluctuations in sea level of the Bay are tied to the large-scale regional wind field affecting sea level variations in the coastal ocean, with little local, direct wind forcing of the Bay itself. The majority of the subtidal sea level fluctuations within the Bay that are not related to the coastal ocean sea level signal are forced by an east–west sea level gradient resulting from tidally induced variations in sea level at specific beat frequencies that are enhanced in the northern reach of the Bay. River discharge into the Bay through the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Delta also contributes to the east–west gradient, but to a lesser degree. 相似文献
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本文通过对中国沿海25个观测站水位资料的分析,初步探讨了中国沿海1980-2012年增减水的变化特征及与海平面变化的关系。结果表明:（1）中国沿海增减水的季节变化特征明显,相邻站由于受到的气象状况相同,其沿海增减水变化的过程相近,但是变化幅度存在较大差异。从空间分布看,沿海增减水的变化幅度呈现中间大南北小的区域特征,自长江口至广东沿海,增减水的年变化幅度最大,年变幅平均为5.0~7.5 cm;南海周边及北部湾沿海,增减水的年变化幅度次之,年变幅平均为4.0~5.5 cm;自渤海至黄海沿海,增减水的年变化幅度较小,年变幅平均为3.3~3.5 cm。（2）从时间变化看,1980-2012年中国沿海年平均增减水长期基本没有趋势性变化,但明显存在2至5年的周期性变化信号,该信号的震荡幅度为0.1 cm。经过高频滤波后,对沿海月平均增减水序列与Niño3.4指数进行相关性分析,相关系数为-0.5,该相关系数通过了显著性检验,说明中国沿海的增减水变化与ENSO事件呈现负相关关系。（3）中国沿海增减水的长期变化及空间分布特征均与海平面变化不同。1980-2012年,中国沿海海平面的上升速率为2.9 mm/a,而增减水长期基本无趋势性变化;另外,其季节变化与海平面的季节变化从时间和区域上均不存在一致性。（4）但是,短期海平面的变化与增减水有关,并且增减水对短期海平面的贡献根据其具体情况而定,增水幅度大且持续时间长的过程对短期海平面有抬升作用,其贡献率最大可达65%;反之,减水幅度大且持续时间长的过程则对短期海平面有降低的作用。 相似文献
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使用卫星测高、海表温度以及中国沿海台站水位等数据，分析研究了ENSO对中国近海海平面影响的区域特征。结果表明:（1）赤道东太平洋海表温度与我国近海海平面存在显著的遥相关关系。相关系数自北至南呈梯度递增，分为3个影响明显的区域，分别是渤、黄海、东海和南海海域。南海海平面异常与赤道东太平洋区域的海表温度异常相关性最强，大部分区域的相关系数超过了0.6；东海海域海平面异常与赤道东太平洋海表温度的遥相关系数弱于南海，强于渤、黄海，大部分海域的遥相关系数超过了0.4；渤、黄海海域海平面异常与赤道东太平洋海表温度的遥相关系数最弱，但是大部分海域的遥相关系数超过了0.3，通过了显著性检验。（2）中国沿海海平面的季节变化与ENSO有明显的相关关系，且影响范围具有明显的区域特征，以长江口和台湾海峡为分界线分为长江口以北、长江口到台湾海峡以及台湾海峡以南3个区域。海平面的年振幅在厄尔尼诺年均出现偏低的现象，并且年振幅的极小值均出现在厄尔尼诺年。另外，海平面的年振幅对厄尔尼诺事件的响应与其强弱有关，在强厄尔尼诺事件中，响应区域和幅度较大，弱事件中，响应区域和幅度偏小。（3）南海、东海和渤、黄海这3个区域沿海的海平面变化均存在4~7 a的显著振荡周期，说明这3个区域的海平面均受ENSO的影响。其中，南海7 a周期的振荡幅度最大，约为1.5 cm；东海7 a周期的振荡幅度次之，约为1.3 cm；渤、黄海6 a周期的振荡幅度最小，不到1 cm。 相似文献