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1.
基于全球变暖的背景,研究了温度对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylumtricornutum)、小新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaclosteriumf.minutissima)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonemacostatum)生长的影响,并初步探讨了温度对海洋硅藻生长过程中吸收或释放一氧化氮(NO)的影响。培养温度分别为20℃和25℃。结果显示,温度升高,中肋骨条藻的比生长速率降低(P0.05),而对三角褐指藻和小新月菱形藻的生长没有明显影响。不同种类硅藻对高温的适应能力不同,且在不同生长阶段对NO呈现不同的吸收或释放规律。与20℃培养条件相比,25℃条件下三角褐指藻对NO的净吸收速率在指数生长期、生长平台期和衰亡期分别升高了40.2%、98.2%和16.0%;小新月菱形藻对NO的净吸收速率在生长的平台期升高了5.7倍;中肋骨条藻对NO的净释放速率在生长的平台期升高幅度最大,为11.5倍。结果表明全球变暖对不同种类的硅藻代谢NO的促进程度不同。 相似文献
2.
温度对四种产油微藻生长和油脂特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用气相质谱联用技术对三株海水微藻—三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum,CCMM2012)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris,CCMM4004)、微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.,CCMM6004),和一株淡水微藻—栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda,CCMM4002)在不同温度下的生长及油脂变化规律进行研究。结果表明:三角褐指藻、小球藻和栅藻在20℃下的油脂产率最大,分别为2.94、5.79和5.83mg/L/d,它们在20℃的培养条件下比较适合应用于生物能源开发;而微拟球藻在25℃下油脂产率最大,达6.45mg/L/d,因此此温度下更适合用于生物能源开发。三角褐指藻在15℃条件下DHA和EPA含量最多,为16.47%,而微拟球藻在25℃下DHA和EPA最多,为22.74%;因此三角褐指藻和微拟球藻在15℃和25℃下均比较适合应用于多不饱和脂肪酸的开发,而小球藻和栅藻的EPA和DHA含量在三个温度下普遍较少,不适合用于多不饱和脂肪酸的开发。 相似文献
3.
海洋中产生的挥发性卤代烃(Volatile Halocarbons，VHCs)是氯、溴和碘进入大气的重要载体。海洋藻类能够产生损耗大气中臭氧的VHCs，尤其是海洋微藻已被证明是大气中一些VHCs的主要贡献者。环境因素对海洋微藻产生VHCs的影响研究较少，本文主要研究了光照和硝酸盐浓度对微藻释放VHCs的影响。将海洋微藻东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)置于密封的玻璃容器中，并在不同光照条件(20 μmol/(m2·s)、70 μmol/(m2·s)和140 μmol/(m2·s))及不同硝酸盐浓度(1 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L和50 mg/L)下进行无菌单种培养，分析碘甲烷(CH3I)、二溴甲烷(CH2Br2)、一氯二溴甲烷(CHBr2Cl)和三氯乙烯(C2HCl3)4种VHCs的生产。采用吹扫?捕集气相色谱技术对其中的VHCs进行提取和分析。结果表明，光照强度和硝酸盐浓度会影响两种微藻对VHCs的释放，但是对不同VHCs的影响效果不同，其中CH3I的释放受光照强度和硝酸盐浓度变化的影响比较显著。一定范围内，光照强度越大，两种微藻对CH3I的释放量越大。适当的硝酸盐浓度(> 5 mg/L)在一定程度上促进了两种微藻对CH3I的释放。 相似文献
4.
温度和光照对三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩藻黄素(fucoxanthin)是一种特殊的类胡萝卜素,具有许多显著的功效和很高的应用价值。三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)是一种海洋硅藻,是一种可用于提取岩藻黄素的合适材料。作者以三角褐指藻的生物量、光合活性和岩藻黄素含量为指标,研究了不同的温度(20℃、25℃、30℃)、不同的光照强度(12800 lx、7200 lx、4000 lx)和不同光质(红光、蓝光、绿光)对三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素含量的影响。实验结果表明,25℃对三角褐指藻的生长没有影响,但提高了岩藻黄素的含量,30℃对三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素积累均有抑制现象;12800 lx、7200 lx的光照强度都可促进三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素含量的升高,其中,7200 lx的光照强度对三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素含量的提高更加显著;红光条件可促进三角褐指藻的生长和提高三角褐指藻的岩藻黄素含量,而绿光和蓝光抑制三角褐指藻的生长,并导致三角褐指藻的岩藻黄素含量降低。因此,25℃、7200 lx和红光的培养条件是三角褐指藻生长和岩藻黄素积累的最适宜条件。 相似文献
5.
本文主要探究了东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)与三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)之间的他感作用。在实验室模拟条件下,分别研究了添加比例为10%、40%、60%、90%、100%的三角褐指藻无藻细胞滤液的培养基对东海原甲藻生长的影响,以及相同比例的东海原甲藻无藻细胞滤液培养基对三角褐指藻生长的影响。结果表明,低浓度三角褐指藻滤液对东海原甲藻(P.donghaiense)的生长表现为促进作用,高浓度则抑制其生长,因此,不同浓度的三角褐指藻藻液对东海原甲藻生长表现出两种相反的他感作用效果;而东海原甲藻滤液对三角褐指藻(P.tricornutum)的生长没有显著影响,说明东海原甲藻并未对三角褐指藻表现出他感作用。 相似文献
6.
铁对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用及生化组成的影响 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
近来许多研究表明,不论是在无机氮丰富还是贫乏的水域,铁元素的供应对于浮游植物的生物量、生长率、种类组成及初级生产力均会产生影响。通过室内培养,研究了铁对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用以及细胞生化组成的影响。实验结果表明,在其他营养盐充足的条件下,海水中铁浓度的变化对三角褐指藻的生长及光合作用均有显着影响。在5×10-7mol/dm3铁浓度时,三角褐指藻可达到其最大光合作用速率。在添加铁的条件下,三角褐指藻细胞多种生化组成受到不同程度的影响,其中叶绿素a含量变化幅度最大,增加了25%～35%,叶绿素c、类胡萝卜素含量也有一定程度的增加,但增长幅度要小于叶绿素a;碳水化合物的含量增加了5%～10%,蛋白质含量的增加幅度在5%～15%之间;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性及DCMU荧光增强比(Fd/F)也呈明显的增加趋势。铁是海洋初级生产过程中的一种限制因子。 相似文献
7.
海洋酸化是当前一个严重的环境问题,而海水pH的变化与微藻生长时对溶解无机碳的吸收有关。在室内条件下采用生理生态学方法,研究中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutum在不同无机氮水平下生长到最大生物量时培养液pH的变化。结果表明,培养液无机氮浓度从10μmol.L-1上升到200μmol.L-1过程中,2种微藻的叶绿素浓度和最终pH均呈上升趋势。培养液pH的增加量与无机氮的消耗量呈正相关关系,培养液pH的增加量与溶解无机碳的消耗量也呈正相关关系。 相似文献
8.
探讨了不同浓度Cu2+长期暴露对三角褐指藻生长、光合作用、呼吸作用和色素含量等生理特性的影响。结果表明:三角褐指藻在较低浓度下(0.25mg·L-1,0.5mg·L-1)生长受到刺激,而在高浓度下(1.5mg·L-1)则下降。叶绿素荧光参数有效光化学效率(Yield)与最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)对Cu2+非常敏感,它们均随Cu2+的升高而显著下降;Cu2+暴露对光合作用速率也具有抑制作用;而在Cu2+长期暴露下,类胡萝卜素含量比对照组高,但提高的程度随Cu2+浓度升高而下降。这些结果说明,叶绿素荧光参数可以作为三角褐指藻受到Cu2+胁迫的灵敏指标;光合作用与生长并不耦合;类胡萝卜素含量和呼吸作用速率升高可能能够降低Cu2+对三角褐指藻的毒性。 相似文献
9.
《海洋湖沼通报》2018,(6)
为了探讨对二甲苯和苯乙烯对海洋微藻的毒性效应,本研究以三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻为材料,分别比较了不同浓度的对二甲苯和苯乙烯胁迫对微藻生长以及叶绿素含量的影响,并计算对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻96hEC50。研究表明,对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻生长的抑制呈显著的剂量-效应关系,对二甲苯和苯乙烯对三角褐指藻96hEC50分别为60.20mg/L和47.82mg/L,对亚心形扁藻的96hEC50值分别为26.49mg/L和85.62mg/L,相比而言,三角褐指藻对苯乙烯敏感,而亚心形扁藻对对二甲苯更为敏感。同时研究还发现,对二甲苯和苯乙烯胁迫下,试验微藻的叶绿素含量均随处理浓度以及处理时间而显著降低。这些结果为评估对二甲苯和苯乙烯对海洋微藻的毒性效应提供了依据。 相似文献
10.
《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(5)
本实验在单种培养和混合培养2种培养方式下,研究不同Fe~(3+)浓度(0.98、1.95、3.9、7.8mg/L)对盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)生长及种间竞争的影响。研究结果显示:单种培养条件下,盐生杜氏藻和三角褐指藻在Fe~(3+)浓度为1.95mg/L处理组中的最终细胞密度和平均比生长速率均大于其它3个处理组;米氏凯伦藻的最终细胞密度和平均比生长速率在Fe~(3+)浓度为7.8mg/L处理组中最大。混合培养条件下,盐生杜氏藻在Fe~(3+)浓度为0.98mg/L处理组中的最终细胞密度和平均比生长速率均大于其它3个处理组,最终细胞密度占总细胞密度的54.2%;三角褐指藻在Fe~(3+)浓度为1.95mg/L、3.9mg/L和7.8mg/L处理组中的最终细胞密度和平均比生长速率均大于0.98mg/L处理组,最终细胞密度占总细胞密度的百分比分别为53.6%、58.1%和58.2%;在4个Fe~(3+)浓度处理组中米氏凯伦藻的最终细胞密度和平均比生长速率均显著小于其它2种微藻。研究表明,混合培养时,在Fe~(3+)浓度为0.98mg/L处理组中盐生杜氏藻具有竞争优势,在Fe~(3+)浓度为1.95mg/L、3.9mg/L和7.8mg/L处理组中三角褐指藻具有竞争优势。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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19.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献