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本文报道分离自厦门集美红树植物秋茄根际的链霉菌146菌株(Streptomycessp.146)产生几丁质酶(Chitinase)的条件及该酶的一些性质。结果表明,有机氮源能促进几丁质酶的合成,该菌在添加1.5%玉米浆或2.0%麸皮的诱导培养基中发酵的酶活性较高。产酶适宜培养基初始pH 为7.0,适宜温度30℃,发酵5～6d 酶活性达到高峰。该酶能被多种几丁质所诱导,是一种诱导酶,它对几丁质水解活性pH 范围为3～8.5,最适pH 为5.5,在pH 为4～7.5范围内较稳定。该酶在30～60℃之间酶活性随温度的升高而增高,而且酶稳定. 相似文献
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本文研究了氨氮对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)的急性毒性及不同浓度的氨氮溶液(22、47.5、102和220 mg/L)对其体内六种免疫酶过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。实验结果表明:氨氮浓度越大,其毒性作用越强,方斑东风螺死亡率越高;500mg/L氨氮处理组于24h便出现(20.3±2.1)%死亡率,并且96h后存活率降为0。而相同条件下,随试验时间的延长,方斑东风螺死亡率也越高。氨氮浓度和处理时间均对方斑东风螺免疫酶活力有显著的影响(P 0.05)。与对照组相比,处理组CAT和AKP活性均表现出"诱导-抑制"的趋势, ACP和T-SOD活性表现出"抑制-诱导"的趋势, CSH-PX活性呈现"诱导-抑制-诱导"的趋势,而氨氮对处理个体POD活性的影响整体表现为抑制作用。可见,养殖水体中的氨氮会对方斑东风螺免疫酶活性产生较大的影响。本研究从生态现象和生理指标相结合的方式阐述了氨氮对方斑东风螺个体的致毒特性,将对方斑东风螺的养殖具有实用意义,同时丰富了氨氮对贝类毒理实验免疫性能层面的基础数据,并为其他贝类氨氮胁迫实验提供参考。 相似文献
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原油污染对栉孔扇贝抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以原油水溶性成分(water soluble fraction of crude oil,WSF)为污染物,采用暴露实验法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃和消化腺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性的变化.结果表明,WSF污染下,鳃和消化腺组织SOD和CAT酶活性随暴露时间增加一般表现为降低-升高-降低的趋势,酶活性达到最高的时间随浓度不同而变化.第1天时消化腺SOD在0.08 mg/L浓度下被诱导,而后随时间增加表现为抑制效应;浓度为0.21和0.88 mg/L时消化腺SOD酶活性被抑制,随暴露时间延长而活性增加.暴露时间为4d时,石油烃浓度在0.08和0.88 mg/L时鳃组织SOD酶活性均被抑制,而浓度为0.21 mg/L时被诱导.消化腺和鳃组织SOD可以作为扇贝被污染胁迫的指标. 相似文献
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用KCl、肾上腺素（EPI）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、L—DOPA和GABA（γ-氨基丁酸）进行了不同浓度不同处理时间对硬壳蛤（Mercenaria mercenaria L ）幼虫变态诱导实验。结果表明，KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和DDOPA对硬壳蛤幼虫的变态均有诱导作用，而GABA的诱导作用不显著。KCl的最佳诱导浓度随处理时间不同而有所不同。处理时间为1～24，48，72h时KCl的最佳诱导浓度分别为33．56，20．13～26．85，13．42mmol／L。肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的诱导作用与浓度和处理时间均有关。肾上腺素的最佳处理浓度为100μmol／L，最佳处理时间均为8h，此时幼虫变态率提高最大，为36．97个百分点。当去甲肾上腺素的诱导浓度为100μmol／L，处理时间为8～16h时，幼虫变态率提高也较大，均大于18个百分点，死亡率增加，但均低于30个百分点，当去甲肾上腺素诱导浓度为500μmol／L时，虽然在8～16h的处理时间范围内，幼虫变态提高率也较大，均大于18个百分点，但当处理时间超过8h，在16～48h范围内，幼虫死亡率提高明显增大，均大于50个百分点。L-DOPA的适宜诱导浓度为10～50μmol／L，适宜处理时间为8～24h，此时幼虫变态率均提高30个百分点以上，最高可提高79．43个百分点。GABA的诱导作用较弱，最佳诱导浓度随处理时间的不同而有所不同，处理时间为24h和48h时，最佳诱导浓度为0．1μmol／L；处理时间为0．5～16h时，最佳诱导浓度为100μmol／L。 相似文献
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一株海洋几丁质酶产生菌的筛选及其产酶条件的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从胶州湾的海泥中分离到一株几丁质酶高产菌株。经16SrDNA序列分析,认为该菌属于假交替单胞菌(Pseudoaltermonas),并将其命名为SS01。对该菌产几丁质酶的最佳培养条件进行了研究,发现与其它几丁质酶产生菌相比,SS01菌株的最适产酶温度较低,酶活较高。在Zobell2216E培养基中,SS01菌株培养9h进入稳定期。胶体几丁质可诱导该菌几丁质酶的产生。在几丁质培养基中,SS01菌株产酶的适宜条件是:培养温度24℃,培养基起始pH7.0左右,蛋白胨为N源(5g/L),胶体几丁质为C源(5g/L),170r/min振荡培养130h,酶活可达116.2U/mL。 相似文献
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本文研究了氨氮对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)的急性毒性及不同浓度的氨氮溶液(22、47.5、102和220 mg/L)对其体内六种免疫酶(CAT、ACP、AKP、T-SOD、GSH-PX和POD)活性的影响。实验结果表明：氨氮浓度越大,其毒性作用越强,方斑东风螺死亡率越高；500 mg/L氨氮处理组于24 h便出现(20.3±2.1)%死亡率,并且96 h后存活率降为0。而相同条件下,随试验时间的延长,方斑东风螺死亡率也越高。氨氮浓度和处理时间均对方斑东风螺免疫酶活力有显著的影响(P < 0.05)。与对照组相比,处理组CAT和AKP活性均表现出“诱导—抑制”的趋势,ACP和T-SOD活性表现出“抑制—诱导”的趋势,CSH-PX活性呈现“诱导—抑制—诱导”的趋势,而氨氮对处理个体POD活性的影响整体表现为抑制作用。可见,养殖水体中的氨氮会对方斑东风螺免疫酶活性产生较大的影响。本研究从生态现象和生理指标相结合的方式阐述了氨氮对方斑东风螺个体的致毒特性,将对方斑东风螺的养殖具有实用意义,充实了氨氮对贝类毒理实验免疫性能层面的基础数据,可为其他贝类氨氮胁迫实验提供数据基础和科学依据。 相似文献
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盐度胁迫对香港牡蛎部分生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究盐度胁迫下香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)生化指标的变化规律,了解盐度适应过程中牡蛎的代谢机制,本研究以盐度0、8、16、32、40为胁迫盐度,以正常海水(盐度24)为对照,开展香港牡蛎对盐度胁迫的响应研究。结果显示,各实验盐度组糖原含量在盐度胁迫0～8 h内下降,且盐度胁迫幅度越大糖原含量降幅越大,胁迫8 h后则无明显的变化规律。腺苷酸激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)、组蛋白/蛋白去乙酰化酶(SIRT1)和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力的变化规律相似:在0～8 h内,各实验组酶活力均急剧下降(SIRT1上升);8～48 h内,酶活力上升;48～120 h内,酶活力逐渐趋于平稳状态,总体表现为盐度越高,酶活力越强,并与胁迫前有明显差异,且盐度胁迫幅度越高,差异越明显。总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)总体表现出高盐胁迫下随时间的增加而升高,低盐胁迫下随时间的增加而降低,且盐度胁迫幅度越大,T-AOC活力的变化幅度越大。实验结果初步表明,香港牡蛎糖原含量与渗透压调节存在一定的关系,AMPK、SIRT1、Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力及T-AOC均与渗透压调节密切相关,且在高盐胁迫下随时间的增加而升高,低盐胁迫下随时间的增加而降低。 相似文献
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乙醇对锯缘青蟹碱性磷酸酶活力与构象的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
应用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究锯缘青蟹碱性磷酸乙醇微扰后的分子构象变化情况。乙醇对酶分子构象有显著的影响,酶的内源荧光强度随乙醇浓度增大而增加,荧光发射峰逐渐发生红移,说明酷氨酸、色氨酸残基的微环境发生明显的变化;紫外吸收光谱在278nm吸收峰随乙醇浓度增大而增强。这些结果表明,酶蛋白分子中的生色基因残 基的微环境发生变化;酶的剩余活力随着乙醇浓度增大而迅速下降,经乙醇失活的酶在正常的测活体系中监测酶活力,发现酶活力可以回升到92％以上,说明酶的乙醇失活是可逆的,可以通过稀释复活。测定乙醇对酶的抑制动力学,表明乙醇对青蟹碱性磷酸酶的抑制作用是反竞争性机制,其抑制常数Ki为11．8％。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献