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1.
为了改善东海小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)干制品的质量, 采用热泵等各种干燥技术, 对干制品复水比、色差值、T-VBN值、细菌总数以及能耗值等指标进行分析测定。结果表明, 热泵联合干燥技术明显优于传统热风干燥技术。进一步对联合干燥过程中影响干燥速率和干制品品质的因素进行分析(包括装填物料量、循环风速、干燥室温度和相对湿度等)。研究得出: 对重量为150g左右的小黄鱼, 干燥室温度为50℃、循环风速为2.0m/s、装填物料量为10kg、干燥室相对湿度控制在30%时干燥效果最佳, 并且节能明显, 降低能耗达到34.6%。该成果的推广应用将大大降低水产品干燥过程中的能耗问题。 相似文献
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为了减少小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)干燥过程的能耗, 在前期实验的基础上, 采用响应面分析法, 以单位能耗除湿值(SMER)和挥发性盐基总氮值(T-VBN)两者的综合指标Y为最终评价指标, 对热泵干燥阶段的温度A、分阶段干燥的转换点含水率B、后期热风干燥阶段的温度C三个条件进行优化, 模拟得到回归方程的预估模型。结果表明, 小黄鱼联合干燥的最优条件为热泵干燥温度A=50℃、转换点含水率B=32.62%和热风干燥温度C=44.01℃, 在此条件下比较热泵干燥(HPD)、热泵-热风联合干燥(HPD+AD)、热风干燥(AD)三种干燥方式下的样品品质和耗能, 联合干燥得到的小黄鱼干品质高于热风干燥, 而且干燥能耗降低了34.8%。 相似文献
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采用液相色谱-紫外检测器法、质构法等方法研究了鲣鱼在热处理过程中鱼肉的外形尺寸、质构特性、营养品质和酸度等随中心温度变化的情况。结果表明,随着鱼体中心温度不断升高,鲣鱼的长度先快后慢的发生了收缩,80°C时收缩率达24.56%;宽度先膨胀后收缩,80°C时膨胀率达到12.15%,厚度则一直膨胀,80°C时膨胀率达22.17%;鲣鱼硬度和咀嚼性变化趋势大致相同,弹性则一直降低,内聚性波动很大,但总体上升;盐溶性蛋白、碱不溶性蛋白、水溶性蛋白逐渐减少,且60°C时已检测不出水溶性蛋白,碱溶性蛋白和非蛋白氮逐渐增加;鲣鱼肉的酸度不断增加。同时对鲣鱼热处理过程中组胺含量进行了研究,结果表明鲣鱼中组胺在热处理后有所增加,且初始原料组胺含量越高,热处理后增加越明显。该研究成果将为鲣鱼精深加工提供理论基础。 相似文献
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鲣Katsuwonus pelamis广泛分布于各大洋热带和亚热带海域,其中以中西太平洋资源量最为丰富。综合评价环境因子对鲣鱼资源量的影响,构建科学的资源预报模型可为我国可持续合理开发该鱼种提供参考。本研究利用1998—2013年中西太平洋渔获量数据,以单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)为资源相对丰度指标,利用灰色关联方法分析鲣鱼资源相对丰度与环境因子之间的关联度,选取合适的环境因子,并基于不同环境因子构建不同的灰色预测模型对鲣鱼资源相对丰度进行预测,比较选择最优模型。结果表明, 中西太平洋鲣鱼的产量逐年递增,而CPUE在年间有着较大的波动。灰色关联分析认为,海表面温度与CPUE的平均关联度最大,其次为Nino3.4区海表温度距平值,其他的环境因子与CPUE的关联度较小。基于多环境因子的预测模型中,包含所有因子(海表面温度、海表面高度、叶绿素质量浓度a和Nino3.4区海表温度距平值)的模型M1有着最佳的拟合效果,实际值与预测值的相对误差为6.475 2,相关系数为0.687 4;而基于单一环境因子的预测模型中,去除11月SST数据的模型S2有着最佳的拟合效果,实际值与预测值的相对误差为7.419 2,相关系数为0.791 0。相比多环境因子的预测模型,单一环境因子预测模型有着较高的稳定性,实际值与预测值直接相关性也较高,可以作为中西太平洋鲣鱼资源相对丰度预报的最优模型。 相似文献
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动力学模型预测泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)半干制品的货架期 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)半干制品为研究对象,测定和分析其在不同贮藏温度(4°C、20°C、30°C和40°C)下,菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、脂肪氧化程度(TBA值)与感官评分各项指标随贮藏时间的变化。结果表明,泥鳅半干制品在不同贮藏温度下,随着贮藏时间的延长品质逐渐下降,贮藏温度越低,品质指标变化越缓慢。经Pearson相关性分析,确定影响泥鳅半干制品品质变化的关键因子为菌落总数;基于Arrhenius方程,进一步建立菌落总数与贮藏时间、贮藏温度之间的动力学模型,该模型中活化能Ea为26.5 kJ/mol,反应速率常数k0为3186.6,推算得出泥鳅半干制品货架期预测值与实测值相对误差较小,该动力学模型可准确预测泥鳅半干制品在4—40°C贮藏温度下的货架期。本研究可为泥鳅半干制品的开发、流通奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)肌肉蛋白在热处理过程中的营养变化及功能性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究鲣鱼在热处理过程中背部肌肉营养成分变化情况,测定鲣鱼背部肌肉的水分、灰分、蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、脂肪酸及矿物质元素等指标的含量,并对其进行了氨基酸评分。结果表明:蒸煮前后的鲣鱼背部肌肉蛋白质含量分别为24.56%、20.42%,脂肪含量分别为1.03%、2.37%,灰分含量分别为1.97%、0.74%,水分比重均达60%以上。生鲣鱼肌肉的必需氨基酸总量高达499.9mg/g,熟鲣鱼肌肉的必需氨基酸总量达到412.4mg/g,均不含限制性氨基酸,熟鲣鱼肌肉的必需氨基酸含量低于鸡蛋蛋白质的必需氨基酸模式,但高于FAO/WHO推荐的学龄前儿童体内的必需基酸模式;而生鲣鱼肌肉的必需氨基酸含量均超过了两个参考必需氨基酸需要量模式;生鲣鱼背部肌肉的DHA和EPA含量为29.9%,熟鲣鱼肌肉的含量更高,为32.3%;生、熟鲣鱼肌肉K元素含量最高,也含有丰富的微量元素,如Fe、Cu、Zn、Se等。因此,热处理前后的鲣鱼背部肌肉均为高蛋白、低脂肪、矿物质丰富,味道鲜美的理想食品。 相似文献
7.
以不同发育阶段的管角螺为材料,研究了其在不同温度的干、湿环境下对露空的成活响应。实验结果表明,管角螺的成螺、幼螺及稚螺在低温湿润(18℃~20℃)的条件下可耐受更长的露空时间。成螺在低温湿润条件下露空72 h成活率达100%,但随着露空时间的延续,成活率降低,至10 d成活率降到10%。幼螺在同样条件下露空至72 h成活率为80%,稚螺为40%。而在高温(28℃~30℃)干燥的条件下干露相同的时间成活率明显降低,成螺72 h成活率为50%,至96 h全部死亡;幼螺72 h成活率为52.5%,稚螺68 h后全部死亡。在温度、湿度相同的条件下,管角螺耐露空能力为成螺幼螺稚螺。 相似文献
8.
基于海口站1976~1997年逐时潮位和逐日最大风速资料,利用阿基米德Copula函数构建海口年最大增水与相应日期最大风速的联合概率分布模型。结果表明:1)广义极值分布可作为海口站年最大增水和相应日期最大风速的边缘分布。两个序列之间存在强正相关关系,G-H Copula函数更适用于作为海口站年最大增水和相应日期的最大风速联合概率分布的连接函数。2)两变量联合作用的同频率增水高度设计值与增水的单变量边缘分布设计值之间的相对差值约为7.5%。3)条件概率1(P(Y≥y|X≥x))中同频率的年最大增水和相应风速的遭遇概率介于78.2%~80.9%,条件概率2(P(Y≥y|X≤x))中同频率的年最大增水和相应风速两者的遭遇概率小于4.8%。 相似文献
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针对环境噪声谱与多年前噪声谱已不同、非开阔海域环境噪声测量受限等问题,在南海某海域对环境噪声与风速进行了连续多年的观测,并对两者的关系进行了统计分析。文中首先介绍了海洋环境噪声的测量方法及风速数据的获取手段,然后针对环境噪声与风速的时变特性、相关系数进行分析,最后对比浅海与深海两种深度下环境噪声与风速相关性的差异。数据处理与分析结果表明,海洋环境噪声随风速的大小变化剧烈,7m接收深度的海洋环境噪声值与风速的相关性是所有接收深度中最好的,其中又以频率为2 000 Hz时最佳,并得到了海洋环境噪声与风速的回归拟合方程,此外浅海处环境噪声可能受到航行船舶的影响较多,浅海处环境噪声与风速的相关性明显小于深海处。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献