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1.
动力学模型预测小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)鱼干常温保藏下的货架期 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了预测小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)鱼干的货架期,对贮藏在30°C、35°C、40°C下的小黄鱼干的品质进行测定,通过测定菌落总数、酸价、过氧化值三个指标在贮藏期间的变化,分别对这三个指标与贮藏时间、温度建立一级动力学方程及Arrhenius方程,建立小黄鱼干货架期预测模型。经计算得出,菌落总数预测模型中的活化能(Ea)及指前因子(k0)分别为29.26kJ/mol和4.46×102,酸价预测模型中的的活化能及指前因子分别为47.05kJ/mol和4.1×105,过氧化值预测模型中的活化能及指前因子分别为49.76kJ/mol和1.53×106。在37°C和42°C条件下验证动力学模型,结果表明相对误差分别为?4.68%和?6.25%,准确性较好。进一步推算得出,在20°C和25°C常温下贮藏小黄鱼干,产品的货架期为500d和352d。 相似文献
2.
为了预测鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)调理食品的货架期,将鲣鱼调理食品贮藏在25°C、30°C、35°C温度条件下,通过测定在贮藏期间菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、过氧化值三个指标的变化,分别对这三个指标与贮藏时间、温度建立一级动力学模型,来预测鲣鱼调理食品的货架期。经计算得出,菌落总数预测模型中的活化能(Ea)及指前因子(k0)分别为30.96 k J/mol和2.06×103,挥发性盐基氮预测模型中的的活化能及指前因子分别为24.35 k J/mol和75.1,过氧化值预测模型中的活化能及指前因子分别为48.75 k J/mol和2.92×106。在32°C和37°C条件下验证动力学模型,结果表明相对误差分别为–5.52%和–6.45%,准确性较好。进一步推算得出,在18°C和23°C常温下贮藏鲣鱼调理食品,产品的货架期为209d和172d。 相似文献
3.
为探究贮藏温度对中国毛虾品质的影响,通过感官评分,菌落总数和理化指标的测定,分析毛虾虾皮在不同贮藏温度下的品质变化。结果表明:25°C及37°C贮藏期间感官评分、亮度值(L*)显著下降,红度值(a*)、黄度值(b*)、菌落总数显著增加(P0.05),p H值先缓慢增加后趋于稳定,TVB-N和TBA值在贮藏前期均缓慢增加,后期增加显著。4°C贮藏下,感官评分缓慢下降,p H值、菌落总数基本不变,贮藏30 d后,L*、a*、b*、TVB-N及TBA值呈现显著变化(P0.05)。综合分析,不同温度对毛虾虾皮贮藏期的色泽、感官评分、TVB-N、TBA、p H值及菌落总数变化均有显著影响;毛虾皮在25°C和37°C下分别贮藏至15 d及9 d时,已严重发黄并产生异味,菌落总数均大于107CFU/g,已腐败变质。4°C下贮藏至60 d时毛虾虾皮仍未失去食用价值,说明低温能显著延长毛虾虾皮的贮藏时间。 相似文献
4.
本文测定了海捕大管鞭虾(Solenocera melantho)(又称红虾)调理食品在不同温度保藏中的细菌总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)值、pH值及感官评价等参数。通过对虾肉色泽、组织质构、风味和外形四个方面的检测,综合各项指标决定将TVB-N作为该产品质量变化和推测货架期时长的关键指标。将各温度下测定的TVB-N值代入线性方程组计算出反应活化能E_a为55.21 k J/mol,指前因子k_0为1.08×10~9。利用Arrhenius方程外推法计算得出在20°C和25°C温度下TVB-N值变化速率常数分别为k_(20°C)=0.1405和k_(25°C)=0.2386,从而进一步确定该条件下保藏的理论货架期分别为153.6d和92.1d。经质构仪分析红虾虾仁的硬度与弹性变化,综合感官评定结果和其它测定值,确定海捕红虾产品在常温贮藏中的货架期为3个月。本研究为常温下红虾调理食品的保藏提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
超低温冻藏对金枪鱼肉质构及生化特性机理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索金枪鱼肉冻藏过程中质构与生化特性变化规律,得到节能低耗的最佳冻藏温度,以黄鳍金枪鱼质构、盐溶性蛋白含量、K值、颜色(a值)、持水率等为指标,研究在不同冻藏温度下(–18,–25,–35,–45,–55,–65°C)冻藏6个月的质构与生化特性变化规律。结果表明:在不同温度下冻藏,肌肉的质构、肌原纤维蛋白的盐溶性含量、鲜度随着冻藏时间的延长,均呈下降趋势;而且质地的变化与肌原纤维中盐溶性蛋白含量的变化呈正向关系,冻藏温度越低,品质变化越小。冻藏温度对金枪鱼的质构、盐溶性蛋白含量、鲜度、颜色的变化均有显著性影响(P0.05)。但在超低温–55°C与–65°C冻藏180d,无明显变化。从低碳环保角度来看,采用–55°C冻藏180d可以最大限度地保持金枪鱼的品质。 相似文献
6.
以远洋鲣鱼为研究对象,以传统淡水碎冰保鲜为对照,研究流化冰处理对鲣鱼的理化性质及微生物特性的影响。结果表明:(1)–4°C冷藏18d后,流化冰保鲜鱼肉pH值、TVB-N、TBA、a*值和菌落总数依次为5.57、10.2mgN/100g、2.87mg/100g、8.92和2.61lgCFU/g,而淡水碎冰保鲜鱼肉各指标已达6.05、20.3mgN/100g、6.60mg/100g、7.16和3.02lgCFU/g,故可知流化冰保鲜处理效果明显优于碎冰保鲜。(2)在25±1°C室温条件下,将冰与鱼放入保温箱内保鲜8h后,流化冰保鲜鱼肉的a*值、pH值、TVB-N、TBA、菌落总数和汁液流失率均显著低于空白和淡水碎冰保鲜处理组(P0.05)。流化冰保鲜可显著减缓鱼体的腐败进程、延长产品货架期,进而满足冰鲜水产品的远洋及长距离运输要求。 相似文献
7.
南美白对虾冰温下菌相变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过测定南美白对虾的冰点,确定了南美白对虾冰温贮藏温度;分析了冰温贮藏条件下南美白对虾细菌总数的变化情况,并通过生化实验分离鉴定了生鲜状态和达到一级鲜度时南美白对虾的细菌菌相。结果表明,南美白对虾冰点为(-1.4±0.1)℃,冰温贮藏3d后细菌总数达到1.03×105,达到一级鲜度的细菌总数极限值;4 d后细菌总数达到1.75×106,到达货架期终点。生鲜南美白对虾的优势菌为Aeromonas spp.,Chromobacterium spp.和Photobacterium spp.;冰温贮藏条件下达到一级鲜度时,南美白对虾的特定腐败菌(specific spoilage organisms,SSO)为Shewanella spp.,Flavobacte-rium spp.和Acinobacter spp.。 相似文献
8.
低温贮藏罗非鱼微生物学质量变化特性和保藏期 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
进行了罗非鱼在0,5,10,15℃贮藏过程中的微生物学质量变化特性和高品质期、货架期的研究,并对其特定腐败菌假单胞菌、细菌总数、VBN与感官评价的一致程度进行了探讨。结果表明,罗非鱼在0～15℃温度区域是淡水鱼中鲜度下降慢的鱼种,在0,5,10,15℃贮藏中,罗非鱼的高品质期分别为11,6,3和1.5d,货架期分别为20,9.5,5和2.5d。高品质期和货架期终点的假单胞菌数平均为(6.27±0.23)Log10cfu·g-1和(7.70±0.11)Log10cfu·g-1,显示了假单胞菌计数与罗非鱼的感官鲜度及保藏期具有较可靠的一致性。高品质期和货架期终点的细菌总数平均为(6.84±0.60)Log10cfu·g-1和(8.08±0.41)Log10cfu·g-1,VBN值平均为(11.8±1.38)mg·100-1·g-1和(20.1±1.66)mg·100-1·g-1,均无显著差异(P>0.05),表明细菌总数和VBN作为罗非鱼低温贮藏的鲜度指标与感官鲜度评价有较好的一致性。 相似文献
9.
为了提高深海鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)干制品的质量,采用低温热泵联合干燥技术,对深海鲣鱼干制品的色差值、复水比、细菌总数、T-VBN值以及能耗值等指标进行分析测定。实验结果表明,低温热泵联合干燥技术较传统单一干燥技术在干燥效果、干燥能耗以及投入设备成本等方面更具有优势。进一步对影响低温热泵干燥技术的因素主要包括填物料量、循环风速、干燥室温度和相对湿度等进行优化。研究结果表明:深海鲣鱼(500g左右)在干燥室相对湿度控制35%、干燥室温度为45°C、装填物料量为8kg、循环风速为2.5m/s时候干燥效果最佳,并且节能效果明显,能耗降低达到35.2%。该成果的成功开发对降低水产品干燥过程中的耗能问题具有促进作用。 相似文献
10.
为了改善东海小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)干制品的质量, 采用热泵等各种干燥技术, 对干制品复水比、色差值、T-VBN值、细菌总数以及能耗值等指标进行分析测定。结果表明, 热泵联合干燥技术明显优于传统热风干燥技术。进一步对联合干燥过程中影响干燥速率和干制品品质的因素进行分析(包括装填物料量、循环风速、干燥室温度和相对湿度等)。研究得出: 对重量为150g左右的小黄鱼, 干燥室温度为50℃、循环风速为2.0m/s、装填物料量为10kg、干燥室相对湿度控制在30%时干燥效果最佳, 并且节能明显, 降低能耗达到34.6%。该成果的推广应用将大大降低水产品干燥过程中的能耗问题。 相似文献
11.
This study uses a 30-year time series of standardized bottom trawl survey data (1982–2011) from the eastern Bering Sea shelf to model patterns of summer spatial distribution for various bottom fishes and crabs in response to changes in the areal extent of the cold pool, time lag between surveys, and fluctuations in population abundance. This investigation is the first to include data for the 2006–2010 cold period and to use between-year comparisons of local and shelf-wide spatial indices to test specific responses to three different isothermal boundaries within the cold pool. Distributional shifts in population varied considerably among species and directional vectors for some species were greater in magnitude to the east or west than to the north or south; however, in general, eastern Bering Sea shelf populations shifted southward in response to the increasing cold pool size, and after accounting for differences in temperature and population abundance, there was still a temporal northward shift in populations over the last three decades despite the recent cooling trend. Model results for local and shelf-wide indices showed that survey time lag and cold pool extent had a greater effect on spatial distribution than population abundance, suggesting that density-independent mechanisms play a major role in shaping distribution patterns on the eastern Bering Sea shelf. The area enclosed by the 1 °C isotherm most commonly affects both local and shelf-wide spatial indices suggesting that 1 °C is a more important boundary for describing temperature preferences of eastern Bering Sea bottom fishes and crabs than is the 2 °C isotherm used for designating the physical boundary for the cold pool. 相似文献
12.
The data of meteorological and oceanographic observations on the northwest shelf of the Black Sea for 1973–2000 are used to
compute the characteristics of the entire area in the presence of hypoxia of waters under the pycnocline in the summer–autumn
period and the area of surface waters with a level of salinity lower than 17.5‰ in May. The time of onset of the spring warming
of air (stable transition through a temperature of 5°) is determined. A statistically significant positive trend of the air
temperature (0.8° per 100 yr) is revealed in Odessa. The process of warming was observed mainly for the winter (1.5° per 100
yr) and spring (0.8° per 100 yr) periods and became especially intense since the beginning of the 1990s. On the basis of the
data of correlation analyses, we establish a statistically significant relationship between the large-scale atmospheric processes
[the index of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the wind conditions], the area of surface waters whose salinity is lower
than 17.5‰, and the total area with hypoxia in the summer–autumn periods. For positive mean values of the NAO index (in January–March),
we most often observe early spring with elevated repetition of the south and west winds with subsequent development of hypoxia
in large areas of the northwest shelf. We propose an empirical regression model for the prediction of the total area of summer–autumn
hypoxia of waters with predictors: the onset of the spring warming of air and the area of propagation of waters whose salinity
is lower than 17.5‰ in May. The maximum error of prediction of the area with hypoxia does not exceed 5.5 ⋅ 103 km2, i.e., less than 2% of the total area of the northwest shelf in the Black Sea (to the north of 45°N). 相似文献
13.
Factors affecting the development of the embryos and production of larvae of the spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi were investigated. Mature lobsters were collected from the fishery in New Zealand and held in captivity until they moulted, mated, and extruded eggs. For females, moulting took place in winter (July/August) and mating occurred 58–88 days later in early spring. The ovigerous females were then held at three temperatures and embryo development monitored at approximately weekly intervals. Mean times to hatch were 55, 75, and 130 days at 20°C, 17°C, and 13°C respectively. The total number of larvae that hatched from each female ranged from 0.97 to 1.4 million. The theoretical temperature at which embryo development ceases (a biological zero) for S. verreauxi, of 9.4°C, was calculated from data on the appearance of the median eye, the eyes and the chromatophores, and the time to hatch. An eye index formula was also derived to allow prediction of time to hatch at a range of temperatures using the cumulative difference between the rearing temperature and the biological zero. First instar phyllosomas from embryos reared at 20°C were significantly smaller than those from 17°C and 13°C but there was no significant difference in fitness. This study shows that hatching can be spread over a number of months, without significantly affecting larval quality, simply by manipulating holding temperature. 相似文献
14.
东海温度锋的分布特征及其季节变异 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
根据１９３４－１９８８年东海水文观测资料，重点分析东海温度锋的分布特征及其季节变异，并结合近期中日黑潮合作调查研究成果，初步探讨温度锋季节变异和水团演变的关系，所得主要结论是：（１）东海不仅常年存在浙闽沿岸锋，东海北部陆架锋和黑潮锋，而且、春、夏两季，在东海南部还出现一条东海中部出架锋。（２）江海温度锋季节变化的特点是：冬季，锋的宽度和强度皆是表层最强，夏季，表层温度锋仅出现在浙江近岸小范围海域。 相似文献
15.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):545-560
Main features of the zooplankton distribution and the ecological characteristics of the dominant species in the northern Benguela during different phases of upwelling are discussed. The composition of the zooplankton between 17 and 27°S was similar each year. Among the 20°30 most abundant species, 3°4 copepods dominated, influencing the distribution of total zooplankton biomass. During quiescent upwelling, zooplankton abundance was low and there were no significant differences in the inshore-offshore distribution of zooplankton biomass, the maximum occurring over the slope. During active upwelling, zooplankton biomass increased significantly, the maximum over the shelf being constituted almost entirely of developmental stages of herbivorous copepods. Over the inner shelf, all stages of the copepod Calanoides carinatus were feeding actively, removing up to 5 per cent per day of the standing stock of phytoplankton. Comparison of daily ration, respiration rate and biochemical composition of C. carinatus revealed active storage of energy inshore. Offshore populations of C. carinatus, found deeper than 200 m, comprised mainly copepodite stage V, which were not feeding and were characterized by decreased mobility and respiration and a high lipid content. It is estimated that the energy stored during active upwelling enables copepods to survive up to six months without any additional source of energy. 相似文献
16.
以海水为溶剂,采用熔融法合成了纳米粉煤灰沸石。粉煤灰与NaOH的质量比为1:1.2,熔融温度550℃,熟料质量与海水固液的体积比为1:5(g/mL),晶化温度100℃,晶化时间6h。通过仪器分析和化学方法,对产物的结构、形貌、性能进行表征。同时,研究了产物的矿物组成、形貌、比表面积、阳离子交换量及化学组成。结果表明:产物为NaX型沸石和羟基方钠石的复合型沸石,海水晶化粉煤灰通过碱熔融法得到沸石质量优于传统水热法。合成沸石的性能和各项应用指标表明,所合成的沸石具有良好的实际应用价值。 相似文献
17.
B. D. Paterson P. T. Spanoghe G. W. Davidson W. Hosking S. Nottingham J. Jussila 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):1129-1143
Instances of morbidity amongst rock lobsters (Panulirus cygnus) arriving at factories in Western Australia (WA) have been attributed to stress during post‐harvest handling. This study used discriminant analysis to determine whether physiological correlates of stress following a period of simulated post‐harvest handling had any validity as predictors of future rejection or morbidity of western rock lobsters. Groups of 230 western rock lobsters were stored for 6 h in five environments (submerged/flowing sea water, submerged/recirculating sea water, humid air, flowing seawater spray, and recirculated seawater spray). The experiment was conducted in late spring (ambient sea water 22°C), and repeated again in early autumn (ambient sea water 26°C). After 6 h treatment, each lobster was graded for acceptability for live export, numbered, and its haemolymph was sampled. The samples were analysed for a number of physiological and health status parameters. The lobsters were then stored for a week in tanks in the live lobster factory to record mortality. The mortality of lobsters in the factory was associated with earlier deviations in haemolymph parameters as they emerged from the storage treatments. Discriminant analysis (DA) of the haemolymph assays enabled the fate of 80–90% of the lobsters to be correctly categorised within each experiment. However, functions derived from one experiment were less accurate at predicting mortality when applied to the other experiments. One of the reasons for this was the higher mortality and the more severe patho‐physiological changes observed in lobsters stored in humid air or sprays at the higher temperature. The analysis identified lactate accumulation during emersion and associated physiological and haemocyte‐related effects as a major correlate of mortality. Reducing these deviations, for example by submerged transport, is expected to ensure high levels of survival. None of the indicators tested predicted mortality with total accuracy. The simplest and most accurate means of comparing emersed treatments was to count the mortality afterwards. 相似文献
18.
A range of options for the storage and partial processing of water samples before polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were evaluated. In addition, temporal storage of extracted DNA at 4 °C was investigated. Filtering the water sample and then storing that filter at ?20 °C for up to six months before DNA extraction was equivalent to extracting DNA immediately. Freezing a water sample resulted in an immediate 1 log loss of PCR signal, although thereafter the sample was stable for at least three months. A rapid loss of detectable PCR product was found when storing a water sample at 4 °C for longer than one week. Extracted DNA could be stored at 4 °C for at least six months without considerable loss of PCR signal. 相似文献
19.
To determine the optimal storage method and longest possible storage period of Phyllospadix japonicus seeds, we examined post-storage germination rates using different storage methods and periods for P. japonicus seeds harvested in Korean coastal waters. P. japonicus seeds are classified as recalcitrant seeds with an average moisture content of 45.4%. Germination rates of P. japonicus seeds stored in seawater at 4 °C, seawater at room temperature with air supply, and an aquarium with continuous seawater circulation ranged from 35.0% to 43.5%, whereas seeds stored in seawater at 30°C, a refrigerator at ?20°C, and a desiccator at room temperature did not germinate. Seeds stored at 4°C maintained germination rates of 72.5～73.0% until 30 days of storage, but showed rapidly decreasing germination rates after 60 days and no germination after 180 days. Since few studies have investigated seed storage of P. japonicus, these results will serve as useful data for seed-based P. japonicus habitat restoration. 相似文献