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<正>我国是海洋大国,海岛众多。海岛是壮大海洋经济、拓展发展空间的重要依托,是保护海洋环境、维护生态平衡的重要平台,是捍卫国家权益、保障国防安全的战略前沿。2009年12月26 相似文献
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The New Zealand Waters Pollution Regulations 1963, referring to recreational water to which the public can gain access, states that the “coliform bacteria content shall not consistently exceed 1,000/100 ml”. This standard is now under revision, and the suggested new standard is a median faecal coliform index of 200/100 ml with a maximum value not exceeding 400/100 ml. Recent literature supports the use of faecal coliform sub‐group bacteria as the best indicator of faecal pollution and reference is made to the membership of this sub‐group. Inherent inaccuracies of the Most Probable Number (MPN) method of assessing bacterial populations are pointed out, such as experimental variations with different cultural media, and possible errors in interpretation of results. In North America, there is evidence that an MPN for the total coliform group of 1000/100 ml indicates a faecal coliform sub‐group MPN of 200/100 ml, and epidemiological experience supports these values as standards. We tabulate and discuss evidence that the usual ratio of faecal coliforms : coliform group bacteria is typically 1 : 1 in fresh and marine waters of the Wellington region, and that a more attainable standard would be 500 faecal coliforms/100 ml. In ratios quoted in this paper, ‘coliform group’ means the remainder of the coliform group excluding faecal coliforms. The World Health Organisation (1963) definition, of the entire group of coliforms, is not intended. The ratio is different in other parts of New Zealand; in Auckland, for example, the ratio is close to that found in the United States. 相似文献
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《Coastal Engineering》1999,36(3):263-269
Using the logarithmic wind profile and typical values of dimensionless sea roughness for different sea states, simple power expressions are derived for the wind profile over water. The power expressions are useful for correcting measured wind speed data at a given elevation (up to an elevation of 60 m) to the standard elevation of 10 m commonly used in coastal engineering studies. The analysis shows that the 1/7 power expression (suggested in [U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Vol. 1. Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, USA.] and commonly used today) is a good approximation (<3% error) of the logarithmic profile for various sea states up to an elevation of 20 m. Above this elevation, the 1/7 power expression underestimates the wind speed for moderate to fully developed sea states. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes peer-reviewed, English-language scientific publications (n=212) to identify relevant research about how Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EBA) is integrated with coastal planning. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology is applied in this study. Attention was given to studies concerning human-environment interactions as opposed to physical or biological climate change issues alone because the coastal planning and EBA approach addresses the management of human actions in nature. The literature references include the issue of climate change (77%); however, limited evidence of EBA in coastal areas are reported (18%), and it is evident that the issues have become relevant in the scientific literature published in recent years. Broad texts demonstrate that SLR is one of the major long-term impacts (68%), and all of these papers recognize the most affected ecosystems in the tropics would be mangroves. EBA is an emerging option that can offset anticipated ecosystem losses and improve coastal planning to cope with SLR because it provides benefits beyond climate change stressors. There is a need to synthesize a road map for incorporation of mangrove regulations into local planning instruments and for building capacity for their implementation. Application of PRISMA in marine science will enhance future reviews, facilitate the systematic search and adequately document any theme, and also be useful in determining research gaps or information needs. 相似文献
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日本在日前发表的《信息通信白皮书》中提出，要建立网络无所不在的社会；美国1999年提出了“21世纪信息技术计划”，由此看出，信息社会正向人类走来，人们唯有通过网络才能快捷、有效地获得有用信息，海洋产业唯有借助网络才能推动科学研究，有效地利用海洋资源，促进海洋经济发展，海洋信息共享工程建设势在必行。标准化原理能确保海洋信息共享工程建设有序、高效、质量优良。 相似文献
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提出了一种用于对不连续压力采样序列的傅立叶分析方法.此方法将周期函数展开成傅立叶级数,但在数值积分时取函数周期内有采样值的区间作为积分域,然后求解线性方程组得到傅立叶级数的系数值.为了检验本方法的有效性,利用此方法对解析函数进行了拟合,当一个周期内的取样时间大于1/2周期时,利用此方法能够得到满意的结果.利用实验方法研究了波浪作用下截断圆柱表面的压力分布.在波浪作用下静水面附近的测点在露出水面时没有压力值.利用所提出的傅立叶分析方法对略低于静水面位置的实测压力进行了分析,拟合结果与实测结果吻合很好,说明此方法在处理物理模型实验中间断采样得到的数据是有效的.利用数值方法对波浪压力进行了计算,并将一阶和二阶波压力的数值结果与实测值进行了比较. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
This paper summarises research and options for sustainable sea transport in Oceania with a focus on domestic shipping. This debate is situated initially within the context of the current Pacific domestic shipping scenario, a region of minute economies connected by some of the longest sea transport routes in the world. All current options are fossil fuel powered and increasingly uneconomic and unsustainable. Many routes are marginal or unviable and a vicious cycle of old ships replaced with old ships prevails. Although a central and essential issue of many Pacific communities, the option of pursuing sustainable sea transport is currently invisible within the policy space at all levels. Various renewable energy options are possible and increasingly available. Recent research finds that these have strong potential for providing benefits across multiple wellbeings. The barriers to pursing this agenda are complex and poorly understood but are perceptual and institutional more than technological. A small number of critical experiments during the last oil crisis provide critical lessons and direction. 相似文献
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渔港避风锚地面积计算的随机模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
计算避风锚地的面积是渔港规划设计的重要内容之一.<渔港总体设计规范>(SC/T 9010-2000)推荐采用确定性方法计算避风锚地面积.由于没有规定输入参数代表值的确定方法,实际应用时参数取值带有很大的随意性和经验性,从而导致计算结果的不确定性.引入Monte Carle方法建立了渔港避风锚地面积计算的随机模拟模型,采用不同的概率分布刻划各相关参数,从而获得避风锚地面积的概率分布.实例计算表明,无论采用何种概率分布假定,得到的避风锚地面积均近似地服从正态分布,且不同概率分布假定对95%保证率的避风锚地面积值影响不大;当船长、船宽均取各分组船型的最大值,水深取相应区域水深的平均值,每组渔船之间安全距离及每组渔船数量取规范给定的平均值时,规范方法计算的避风锚地面积保证率在95%左右,从而为规范方法输入参数的确定提供了依据. 相似文献
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采用交叉学科分析的方法尝试对生态学与法学进行分析,探讨海洋渔业资源恢复法律制度的生态学基础.认为,在海洋渔业资源恢复法律制度设计中遵循生态规律、选择过程导向的恢复模式能提高制度的科学性,有利于制度的操作和实施.进一步分析了许可证管理对海洋渔业资源的公平分配,技术法律规范对渔业资源恢复过程进行的生态控制,争端解决机制对海... 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Marine conservation actions are promoted to conserve natural values and support human wellbeing. Yet the quality of governance processes and the social consequences of some marine conservation initiatives have been the subject of critique and even human rights complaints. These types of governance and social issues may jeopardize the legitimacy of, support for and long-term effectiveness of marine conservation. Thus, we argue that a clearly articulated and comprehensive set of social standards - a code of conduct - is needed to guide marine conservation. In this paper, we draw on the results of an expert meeting and scoping review to present key principles that might be taken into account in a code of conduct, to propose a draft set of foundational elements for inclusion in a code of conduct, to discuss the benefits and challenges of such a document, and to propose next steps to develop and facilitate the uptake of a broadly applicable code of conduct within the marine conservation community. The objectives of developing such a code of conduct are to promote fair conservation governance and decision-making, socially just conservation actions and outcomes, and accountable conservation practitioners and organizations. The uptake and implementation of a code of conduct would enable marine conservation to be both socially acceptable and ecologically effective, thereby contributing to a truly sustainable ocean. 相似文献
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《中国海洋工程》2017,(5)
正Aims and Scope Being an international journal,China Ocean Engineering(COE)takes its prime function as the integration of new research concepts,equipment,technology,materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of estuarial,coastal,offshore,and deepwatar engineering with particular reference to developments.The Journal is concerned with all engineering aspects involved in the exploration and utilization of ocean resources.Topics regularly covered include research,design and construction of structures(including wharfs,dikes,breakwaters, 相似文献
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《中国海洋工程》2021,(4)
正Aims and scope Being an international journal,China Ocean Engineering(COE) takes its prime function as the integration of new research concepts,equipment,technology,materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of estuarial,coastal,offshore,and deepwater engineering with particular reference to developments.The Journal is concerned with all engineering aspects involved in the exploration and utilization of ocean resources.Topics regularly covered include research,design and construction of structures (including wharfs,dikes,breakwaters,platforms,mooring systems,etc.),instrumentation/testing (physical model and numerical model),wave dynamics,sedimentation,structural/stress analysis,soil mechanics,and material research. 相似文献
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《中国海洋工程》2021,(3)
正Aims and scope Being an international journal, China Ocean Engineering(COE) takes its prime function as the integration of new research concepts, equipment, technology, materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of estuarial, coastal, offshore, and deepwater engineering with particular reference to developments. 相似文献
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《中国海洋工程》2018,(1)
正Aims and Scope Being an international journal,China Ocean Engineering(COE)takes its prime function as the integration of new research concepts,equipment,technology,materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of estuarial,coastal,offshore,and deepwater engineering with particular reference to developments.The Journal is concerned with all engineering 相似文献
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