共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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RNA干扰(RNA interfering,RNAi)是广泛存在于动植物等生物中的一种高度保守、序列特异的RNA降解机制。Argonaute蛋白是RNAi途径的关键组成部分,其结构、功能和进化模式在无脊椎动物中已得到广泛研究,但在脊椎动物特别是硬骨鱼中的报道还十分有限。本研究从已测序物种的基因组中鉴定了12种哺乳动物和15种硬骨鱼的Argonaute家族基因。通过拷贝数、系统发生和共线性分析,本文验证了在脊椎动物中存在两个保守的Argonaute亚家族,即miRNA/siRNA介导的AGO亚家族和piRNA介导的PIWI亚家族。硬骨鱼类多样的繁殖发育方式是其生殖能力最大化的适应机制。为比较硬骨鱼中piRNA途径和miRNA/siRNA途径的功能和进化差异,本文对硬骨鱼(包括花鲈)和哺乳动物中的piRNA途径基因进行了全面的分子进化分析,并将这些基因与miRNA/siRNA途径中的Ago基因进行比较。结果表明硬骨鱼类的piRNA途径具有快速进化的特征,这可能适应了硬骨鱼基因组转座子数量大、种类多的特点。通过转录组分析,我们进一步证实了piRNA途径基因在四种硬骨鱼中的生殖特异性表达,预示其可能在配子发生过程中发挥作用。本研究为进一步解析硬骨鱼中piRNA途径基因的进化模式及其在鱼类生殖发育中的调控作用提供理论基础。 相似文献
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鱼类甲状腺轴由下丘脑、垂体、甲状腺组成,下丘脑通过分泌促甲状腺激素释放激素、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素调节垂体促甲状腺激素的合成和分泌,促甲状腺激素促进甲状腺滤泡合成并释放甲状腺激素(主要为甲状腺素—T4),T4运输至肝脏等外周组织中,经过脱碘转化形成生物活性更强的三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3),T3主要通过同核受体结合发挥生物学功能。甲状腺激素对鱼类胚胎发育、仔鱼变态及性别分化等早期生长发育过程具有重要调控作用:甲状腺激素为鱼类胚胎发育期所必须,外加适量甲状腺激素能够提高胚胎或仔鱼存活率;仔鱼变态过程中,某些外部形态变化及相关组织分化依赖甲状腺激素的调控,牙鲆等仔鱼变态期体内甲状腺激素水平及其受体表达量会显著升高;性腺发育期,甲状腺激素对调控鱼类性别分化方向可能具有一定作用。 相似文献
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多环芳烃对鱼类生殖机能的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
本文综述了近年来多环芳烃(含有两个苯环以上的有机化学污染物)对鱼类生殖机能影响的研究。重点介绍了多环芳烃对鱼类相关激素水平、卵黄蛋白原的生成以及生殖成功的影响。并对其可能的作用机制和途径进行了分析，提出了进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
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维生素D(VD)是一类具有抗佝偻病作用的类固醇激素,其中维生素D3(VD3)是VD在动物体内的主要存在形式。作为生命活动必不可少的一类物质,VD发挥着广泛且重要的生理学作用。VD在动物体内的代谢过程及相关的代谢酶具有较高的进化保守性,同时也受到多种因素的调控影响。由于鱼类在生活环境方面与陆生脊椎动物存在显著差异,VD在鱼类中的合成代谢及生理功能与高等动物也存在一定的区别。本文主要概述了鱼类VD3的主要来源以及需求量的研究,总结了近年来鱼类维生素D受体(VDR)、VD3代谢调控及其生理功能的研究进展,比较了鱼类和陆生高等动物在VD来源、代谢以及VDR等方面的差异,并对水生动物VD的未来研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-I轴(Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I axis,GH/IGF-I轴)是调控鱼类生长的主要内分泌轴线,许多外源化学物质能够影响鱼类的生长,并且能够干扰GH/IGF-I轴。本文介绍了鱼类GH/IGF-I轴的组成、功能及其对鱼类生长的调控模式,并从GH/IGF-I轴角度探究外源化学物质影响鱼类生长的内分泌作用机制,展望了该领域的发展方向。 相似文献
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褪黑素是神经内分泌调控的关键激素之一,具有重要的生理功能,在改善睡眠、调节生殖、延缓衰老等生理过程中起到不可或缺的作用,其功能机制研究亦较为成熟。本文综述了褪黑素和褪黑素受体的基本特征,特别关注褪黑素受体介导的信号转导特征;总结了其海洋生物中的褪黑素信号系统研究现状和面临的挑战,并对海洋生物开展该信号系统研究的理论价值及应用前景进行展望,以期为进一步探明海洋鱼类及无脊椎动物中褪黑素及其受体的信号转导特征和生理功能提供一定的线索,为褪黑素信号系统进化演变的探讨提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
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硬骨鱼是最低等的兼具固有与适应性免疫系统的脊椎动物。文章分别就硬骨鱼免疫系统的组织结构与细胞组成、主要免疫细胞的特性与功能以及抗原诱导的固有与适应性免疫应答等方面概括了近年来的主要研究进展。在与哺乳类等高等动物免疫系统比较异同的基础上,概括出硬骨鱼免疫系统所具有的基本特征:1)鱼类在免疫基因、细胞与功能上较为保守,在免疫器官形态和结构上差异较大;2)鱼类具有完全的固有与获得性免疫应答体系,但其固有免疫作用可能更为重要,主要表现在胚系基因编码受体的种类与抗原识别范围更广,应答启动条件相对较低而免疫效应则相对强化;3)鱼类获得性免疫组成与结构较为简单,获得性免疫应答的发生相对滞后,应答效能较低。硬骨鱼免疫系统的组成与功能特性与其自身所处的环境和变温性质密不可分。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(2)
多聚免疫球蛋白受体(Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor,pIgR)是介导分泌型免疫球蛋白(Ig)多聚体跨过上皮细胞转运的I型跨膜糖蛋白,已在多种高等脊椎动物中得到克隆。2007年以来,陆续在红鳍东方鲀、斑马鱼及鲤鱼等多种硬骨鱼中克隆得到pIgR基因,并对其进行了表达分析。硬骨鱼类pIgR包含2个免疫球蛋白样功能域,含有4个保守的半胱氨酸(Cys)残基,能很好地结合Ig多聚体,进而介导其向皮肤或肠等黏液中的转运。但目前对pIgR基因功能及作用机制仍了解较少。本文拟对硬骨鱼中pIgR基因分子结构、转胞吞作用、功能及表达模式差异做简要概述,以期为今后深入研究pIgR在黏膜免疫中的功能及转运机制提供指导。 相似文献
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甲状腺（Glandula thyreoidea）是海洋脊椎动物体内重要的内分泌腺，从海洋脊椎动物开始，才有了独立的甲状腺结构。海洋脊椎动物的甲状腺一般为实质性的组织。实质由甲状腺滤泡组成，构成滤泡的上皮细胞合成、贮存和分泌的甲状腺激素是调节机体生长发育的关键激素。从海洋脊椎动物开始才有了独立的甲状腺结构。对于动物甲状腺的研究多集中在甲状腺形态及甲状腺与生长发育关系方面，而对海洋脊椎动物的甲状腺的研究则越来越多的集中于环境因素所引起的甲状腺病变方面，环境因素对甲状腺功能的影响也逐渐成为科学研究的重点。海洋水体污染导致的甲状腺机能受损，使海洋脊椎动物不能正常生长发育，数目与种类骤减之时，我们不得不重视对海洋脊椎动物甲状腺的研究。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):409-442
The feeding patterns of 12 teleost species taken by demersal trawl from two areas of the Cape coast and which fed predominantly on benthic and epibenthic prey are described. Prey selection varied intraspecifically with growth. There was considerable overlap in prey taken by different predators, although the dominant food differed between the two coasts and according to habitat (soft substrata or hard reefs). Prey selection varied with depth, probably as a result of the influence of depth and other physical features on prey species distribution. Small crustaceans were taken by all the predators and constituted the single most important group, especially for small predators. Brachyurans were important as prey, particularly in those species inhabiting hard substrata. Fish were of minor importance as food, except in Chelidonichthys capensis, Malacocephalus laevis and Helicolenus dactylopterus. Commercially important species of fish and cephalopods were preyed on only occasionally. It appeared that prey were selected according to their abundance, size, behaviour and habitat use. The use of benthic and epibenthic prey constitutes an important pathway for energy to return from the benthos to the foodweb. 相似文献
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本研究以黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)为试验对象,设计两种饲料:鱼粉组和无鱼粉组,在池塘网箱中投喂70 d,研究其生长性能和肝胰脏转录组表达的差异。同鱼粉组相比,无鱼粉组黄颡鱼特定生长率下降了30.25%(P0.05),饲料系数显著增加了83.94%(P0.05),全鱼脂肪含量显著下降(P0.05),血清甘油三酯含量显著下降(P0.05),血清转氨酶活力显著增加(P0.05)。肝胰脏转录组结果显示,总计有12 020个基因差异表达,其中差异表达上调的基因有5 020个、差异表达下调的基因有7 000个。同鱼粉组相比,无鱼粉组分别有1 013个基因表达显著上调、2749基因表达显著下调(P0.05)。将组间具有差异表达的基因进行GO Term、KEGG pathway分类,结果显示:无鱼粉组的肝胰脏细胞组成、细胞生物过程、细胞分子功能等绝大多数基因差异表达下调,提示肝胰脏的细胞组织结构和功能受到很大的影响;KEGG通路富集到15个显著差异代谢通路。本研究结果表明,日粮中鱼粉可能含有某些生理活性物质,这些物质以神经分泌、激素调控、代谢信号通路等为作用靶点,通过对这些代谢信号通路的调节,对鱼的整体生理代谢强度、细胞结构与功能、生理健康状态等产生明显积极促进影响。缺乏这些物质则会造成黄颡鱼生长性能下降、部分器官组织细胞(肝细胞、神经轴突)受到损伤、鱼体抗应激能力和免疫防御能力下降。 相似文献
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湛江海域鱼类体内5种激素残留的放射免疫分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文采用放射免疫分析法分别测定了养殖与野生黑鲷、花尾胡椒鲷、军曹鱼、青鲈、白鲳5种常见湛江海域养殖鱼类肌肉中生长激素、雌二醇、孕酮、睾酮及绒毛膜促性腺激素的残留量。结果表明,在5种养殖与野生鱼类肌肉中均检出5种激素,各种激素的残留量依鱼类种类不同而有差异,在同种鱼类中的任一种激素残留量均是养殖鱼类显著高于相应的野生鱼类(P<0.01)。5种激素在5种养殖与野生鱼类中的残留情况是,生长激素均以养殖与野生青鲈最高,雌二醇以养殖黑鲷、野生军曹鱼最高,孕酮均以养殖与野生军曹鱼最高,睾酮均以养殖与野生白鲳最高,绒毛膜促性腺激素以养殖青鲈、野生花尾胡椒鲷最高。 相似文献
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Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) from Piles Creeks (PC), New Jersey (a polluted site), are sluggish and show poorer prey capture and predator avoidance than reference fish from Tuckerton (TK). The behavioral dysfunction of the PC fish may be associated with thyroid impairment due to endocrine disruption. In this study, we compared thyroid histology and thyroid hormones in the two populations and determined experimentally whether the polluted environment could alter thyroid hormone levels. PC fish had larger thyroid follicles, greater follicle cell heights, and contained higher plasma thyroxine (T4) levels than TK fish. However, there were no significant differences in either plasma or tissue triiodothyronine (T3). TK fish held in simulated PC environments had higher plasma T4 and lower plasma T3 than field-sampled fish. PC fish held in clean water had lower plasma T4 and T3 than field-sampled fish. In either case, there was no significant difference in tissue T3 content. The contaminants in PC alter thyroid structure and function, which may relate to the behavioral differences between fish from the polluted and reference sites. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):659-671
The chorion ultrastructure of the eggs of some teleost fish from the South-East Atlantic was studied by means of a scanning electron microscope. Photographs of the surface of the chorion of eggs of 17 species are presented. The characteristics of these eggs and their chorion, plus comparisons of the results with those of other authors, are also given. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):803-821
Fish communities over continental shelves are of three types: pelagic, rocky reef and soft substrata. The pelagic community of the South African west coast is dominated by clupeiform fish, which are the principal prey of snoek, the dominant piscivorous teleost in the area, and other fish, including tuna and pelagic sharks. Keystone prey species are broadly similar on the South African south and west coasts, but predator composition differs. Studies of rocky reef fish suggest that the fauna of the South Coast is more diverse than that of the West, the West Coast having fewer species and only two reef fish species being taken in linefisheries. Feeding interactions of some of the dominant species have been established, but the status of commercially less important fish such as elasmobranchs and small species is poorly known. The community and feeding interactions of fish living over soft substrata are better known and part of this fauna is taken by demersal trawlers. The two species of Cape hake dominate the communities on both coasts, but the fauna is more diverse on the Cape south coast. Generally, much of the present ichthyological knowledge is derived from the ecologically narrow perspective of commercial fisheries. Nevertheless, the patterns of diversity appear to conform to previous work, which has indicated a lower species diversity in the Atlantic than in the Indian Ocean. Knowledge of commercially unimportant fish is fragmentary, and understanding of the ecological interactions on the South Coast generally lags that of the West. 相似文献
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C A Godard M J Leaver M R Said R L Dickerson S George J J Stegeman 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):7-10
The cytochromes P450 (CYP) constitute a multigene family of enzymes playing a critical role in the oxidation of many endogenous and xenobiotic substrates. The CYP1 family is of particular interest in environmental toxicology because its members are dominant in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and aryl amines. Three members of the CYP1 family, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, have been identified in mammals. We report here on the identification and cloning of cytochrome P4501B-like sequences from two teleost fish species and a marine mammal. Sequences clustering with CYP1B1 in phylogenetic analysis were obtained from liver cDNA of scup (Stenotomus chrysops), genomic DNA of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and liver cDNA of striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). 相似文献