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本文研究了苏北浅滩紫菜养殖筏架上附生的定生绿藻及海面上的漂浮绿藻在3月底和5月初的群落组成及其演替变化。分别通过设置滩涂围隔实验和船基围隔实验,研究附着态和漂浮态绿藻和浒苔(Ulvaprolifera)的相对生长率,分析浒苔在苏北浅滩的实际生长状况以及滩涂潮水涨落对于浒苔成为优势种的影响,以期了解其暴发绿潮的原因。结果显示3月底定生绿藻群落主要以曲浒苔(U. flexuosa)和盘苔(Blidingia minima)为主要优势种,未见浒苔出现。5月初定生绿藻群落中主要以盘苔和扁浒苔(U.compressa)为优势种,其中浒苔只占15%。而在5月初海面漂浮的绿藻中,浒苔成为主要优势种,比例达到76%。在设置的船基围隔和滩涂围隔的生长实验中,均以5月初定生绿藻为初始生物量,其中附着态浒苔在转变为漂浮态浒苔过程中都获得了较高生长率,其平均相对生长率分别为53.0和64.2%/d,而漂浮态浒苔在船基围隔中获得相对生长率则较低,为19.1%/d。实验结果表明,定生绿藻中定生浒苔更快适应漂浮状态,可以通过高生长率迅速成为漂浮绿藻中的绝对优势种,为其暴发绿潮奠定生物量基础。 相似文献
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江苏－山东沿岸大型绿藻微观繁殖体时空分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究暴发浒苔绿潮的黄海近岸水体中大型绿藻微观繁殖体时空分布和种群演替，以及绿潮对海域繁殖体群落结构的影响，本研究在江苏－山东沿岸设置4个站位，开展周年取样调查研究。通过室内培养和分子检测结合的方法，共鉴定出6种大型绿藻:缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、浒苔(U. prolifera)、扁浒苔(U. compressa)、孔石莼(U. pertusa)、未命名种(Ulva sp.) 和盘苔(Blidingia sp.)。定量研究结果表明，各站位微观繁殖体丰度和种类组成具有明显时空变化特征，苏北浅滩与青岛近岸周年绿藻微观繁殖体丰度明显高于连云港燕尾港和日照岚山港站位；各站位丰度呈双峰型波动，春季到初夏达最高，秋季为次高峰，其他季节丰度较低。群落结构组成研究表明，苏北浅滩周年存在较高丰度的浒苔微观繁殖体(平均为77株/L)，其中造成黄海大规模绿潮的“漂浮生态型”浒苔占绝对优势，年均占浒苔微观繁殖体总数的75.7%；青岛近岸微观繁殖体种类组成波动显著，在夏季大规模浒苔绿潮到达时，优势种从缘管浒苔转变成浒苔，其中，“漂浮生态型”浒苔微观繁殖体数量急剧上升，并在绿潮消退时快速消失。对比研究显示，苏北浅滩海域是浒苔微观繁殖体“栖息地”，对维持浒苔种群、造成绿潮连年暴发具有重要作用；青岛近岸微观繁殖体群落受到大规模漂浮浒苔的季节性扰动，其组成结构在绿潮暴发期发生显著变化。 相似文献
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生物学研究及种类鉴定是绿潮研究的热点和难点之一.本文系统阐述了石莼科绿藻常见种类的生物学特征,探讨了系统分类研究难点,并利用ITS、rbcL等基因序列以及质体蓝素氨基酸序列进一步研究分析了石莼科10种绿藻的序列结构特征和分子系统学关系.研究显示,石莼科浒苔属和石莼属绿藻rbcL和ITS序列差异未体现出属间分化的差异,根据rbeL序列和ITS序列分别构建的系统进化树中,石莼和孔石莼、肠浒苔、扁浒苔都聚类到同一进化枝上,而裂片石莼和网石莼、浒苔和缘管浒苔聚类到另一进化枝上,这显示出在分子进化水平上较为一致的结果,为浒苔属和石莼属系统分类深入研究提供一定的证据;根据质体蓝素所构建的系统进化树中,阿氏石莼和孔石莼在NCBI上发表的质体蓝素氨基酸序列在第1进化枝中,浒苔的质体蓝素氨基酸序列在第2进化枝中.但在第1进化枝中,孔石莼的3个质体蓝素氨基酸序列没有完全分布在同一个分支上. 相似文献
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近几年来在我国青岛海域连续暴发的浒苔绿潮造成了巨大的经济损失并且破坏了近海海洋生态系统平衡。因此,浒苔绿潮受到了越来越多的关注。本研究重点关注了绿潮暴发期间不同海域浒苔藻体生理特征和孢子囊形成情况。研究发现,不同海域里浒苔藻体生理特征差异显著,孢子囊比例显著不同,并且观察到漂浮浒苔的原位萌发。2017年5月中旬,我们在苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区域(33.78°N,121.29°E)对筏架绠绳上生长的绿藻,退潮后滩涂散落的绿藻和涨潮时海面上漂浮的绿藻进行为期5天的野外采集。另外,在2017年6月随科考船对浒苔暴发海域的浒苔样本进行采集。采集范围在(33.5°—36.5°N, 120°—124°E)。结果表明,从低纬度到高纬度,浒苔F_v/F_m(光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量)值从0.65逐渐降低至0.3左右;YⅡ(光系统Ⅱ实时光化学量子产量)值也从最高0.5左右降低至最低0.1。此外,定生浒苔F_v/F_m值为0.6—0.8左右,明显高于漂浮浒苔; YⅡ值也有类似趋势。在孢子囊形成比例方面,定生浒苔约有5%藻体形成了孢子囊,而漂浮浒苔中孢子囊形成比例达到20%。数据表明,低纬度区域为浒苔来源地,浒苔生理活性良好,孢子囊形成比例低。随着浒苔往北漂移,其生理活性降低。并且,漂浮浒苔孢子囊形成比例显著性高于定生浒苔。本文认为,浒苔脱离来源区后,孢子囊的快速形成、成熟和孢子释放以及孢子的原位萌发是浒苔生物量激增的重要原因。 相似文献
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苏北浅滩是研究浒苔绿潮早期形成机制的重要区域,该区域紫菜养殖筏架上附生绿藻的群落结构变化对浒苔绿潮的发生具有重要影响,环境因素在其中发挥了重要作用。为了探明导致苏北浅滩绿藻群落结构变化的主要环境因素,本文通过分子生物学和种群生态学方法对筏架附生绿藻群落结构进行了研究,结果表明:(1)苏北浅滩筏架附生绿藻群落主要由浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、盘苔(Blidingia sp.)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)和其他绿藻5个类群构成;(2)绿藻群落具有明显的演替现象,环境温度是导致绿藻群落结构变化的关键环境因素,适低温性的绿藻逐渐被浒苔等适应较高温度的绿藻取代;(3)浒苔的生物量从3月的1.65 g/m增加到了5月的31.78 g/m,所占比例也从低于5%达到接近40%,生物量的大量积累为绿潮早期漂浮斑块的形成提供了物质基础。本文研究结果为黄海绿潮的早期预警和防控提供了生态学依据。 相似文献
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黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与早期防控展望 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
截至2019年，浒苔绿潮连续12年大规模暴发，对近海生态系统、沿岸环境与社会经济造成严重影响，已经成为黄海最严重的生态环境问题。本文总结了黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与成效，分析了存在的问题，然后基于对该绿潮起源与成因的认识，将其早期分为3个关键过程，即浒苔微观繁殖体在养殖设施上的着生与生长过程，定生浒苔脱离附着基形成漂浮浒苔过程，浅滩漂浮浒苔进入深水区形成大面积绿潮过程。最后分别从加强新材料与技术研发防控绿藻着生、强化养殖设施回收管理严控定生绿藻落滩、浅滩汇聚通道拦截打捞等3种途径提出了早期防控措施建议，以期为黄海浒苔绿潮的源头防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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江苏近岸紫菜养殖筏架区定生绿藻群落结构及其受控因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于2010年10月至2011年4月对苏北紫菜养殖筏架区定生绿藻及环境因素调查数据,分析研究了紫菜筏架上定生绿藻种群结构和数量变化及重要环境因子对其的影响并估算了调查区绿藻总生物量.结果表明,筏架上定生绿藻种类有浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、盒管藻(Capsosiphon groenlandicus)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、条浒苔(Ulva clathrata)和扁浒苔(Ulva compressa).绿藻生物量变化呈倒抛物线型,4月份为主高峰14898吨,11月份为次高峰2034吨,2月份最低,仅为729吨,3-4月份绿藻几乎呈暴发性增长.种类多样性随季节变化有很大差异,养殖筏架刚入海的9、10月份,绿藻种类丰富,生物多样性高;12月至笠年2月,尽管生物量很低,但仍是多种并存;3-4月份随着生物量的猛增,种类多样性降至最低,盒管藻优势地位明显,生物量比例最大能到80%,浒苔比例呈指数增长,达20%～40%.水温对绿藻生物量及种类演替有直接调控作用,在水温< 10℃时,绿藻即能快速生长;而盐度作用不明显.开展紫菜筏架上定生绿藻群落动态变化及其生物量的估算,为追溯南黄海大规模绿潮发源地提供佐证,为绿潮预防和治理提供基础数据支撑. 相似文献
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苏北浅滩沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究通过在2017年秋冬季组织实施的2个绿潮种源调查航次,研究苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性。对沉积物中的微观繁殖体的定量实验结果表明:表层泥样中绿藻微观繁殖体的丰度最高,随着深度的增加迅速降低。在9月份表层沉积物中丰度为9±2ind./g,而在11月份表层丰度达到98±25ind./g;与9月份相比, 11月份浅滩沉积物中绿藻繁殖体数量呈现出显著升高的趋势。通过对51个绿藻样品的分子鉴定发现:沉积物中存在石莼属(Ulva)、尾孢藻属(Urospora)、盘苔属(Blidingia)等大型绿藻的微观繁殖体;数量占优是石莼属繁殖体,主要包括曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)、浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza);其中曲浒苔占据的比例最高,在9和11月份分别达到80.94%和73.33%。在2个调查航次中,都从沉积物中发现了绿潮浒苔的微观繁殖体,这些微观繁殖体是绿潮浒苔在苏北浅滩种源维持的重要方式和关键阶段,也构成了黄海浒苔绿潮连年暴发的"种子库"。 相似文献
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为了揭示苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区附着绿藻和绿藻微观繁殖体的分布现状,从2013年三月到五月份对苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区及附近海域进行航次调查。结果表明, 绿藻微观繁殖体在水体和沉积物中广泛分布,水体中的平均值为267株/L,沉积物中的平均值为43株/g。调查期间,紫菜养殖区筏架上附着绿藻的生物量持续增长。在紫菜筏架上发现有浒苔,缘管浒苔,盒管藻三种绿藻,其优势种为盒管藻,其次是浒苔。研究表明,绿潮发生早期在苏北浅滩海域存在绿藻微观繁殖体和附着绿藻,这将为中国绿潮治理提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献