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1.
二氧化碳和阳光紫外辐射对龙须菜生长和光合生理的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探讨太阳紫外辐射(UVR,280～400 nm)和CO2浓度变化对大型海藻的复合效应,选择了常见的经济海藻龙须菜(Gracilarialemaneiformis)为实验材料,研究了UVR(阳光紫外辐射)和CO2对其生长、光合作用、色素以及紫外吸收物质含量变化的复合作用。实验设置两个CO2梯度(380×10-6和800×10-6)和三种太阳辐射处理(PAB处理——全波长辐射处理,PA辐射处理——滤掉紫外线B和P处理——滤掉全部紫外线)。结果表明,CO2加富(800×10-6)显著地促进了龙须菜的生长,而UVR则产生抑制作用,但两者之间复合作用不显著。UVR促进了藻体的紫外吸收物质的合成,而且在高浓度CO2下经PAB辐射处理的含量要显著高于正常CO2浓度水平下的,这表明高浓度CO2促进了紫外吸收物质的合成。在光合作用受限制的低PAR条件下,紫外线A(UV-A)促进其光合作用,但高浓度CO2却抑制了藻体的光合作用速率。在正常浓度CO2水平下生长的藻体,UVR显著降低其光合作用能力,但是在高浓度CO2下生长的藻体,UVR这种负面效应不显著。UVR显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,高浓度CO2在P和PA辐射处理下也显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,但在PAB辐射处理下却呈现相反的结果。高浓度CO2下生长的藻体通过增加体内紫外吸收物质的含量来维持较高浓度的藻红蛋白含量,增强了其抵御UVR的能力。 相似文献
2.
盐度日节律性连续变化对孔石莼生长和生化组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用实验生态学的方法,探讨盐度日节律性连续变化对孔石莼(Ulva pertusa)生长和生化组成的影响,旨在查明潮间带大型海藻对盐度日节律性连续变化的适应性.实验共设5个盐度日节律变化处理(30±3,30±6,30±9,30±12和30±15)和1个恒盐(30±0)对照处理.实验结果表明孔石莼能够耐受较大范围的盐度日节律性连续变化,这种变化虽然对孔石莼的生长不利,但是仍然能够使孔石莼的相对生长率保持在12%以上;盐度变化幅度±3～±15与恒盐对照相比明显不利于孔石莼的生长,盐度变化幅度越大,孔石莼生长越缓慢.同恒盐处理相比,盐度日节律连续变化对孔石莼叶绿素含量的影响不明显,但叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量都有随着盐度变化幅度的增大而逐渐减少的趋势.盐度日节律性连续变化使孔石莼蛋白质和可溶性糖的相对含量显著增加(P＜0.05),随着盐度变化幅度的增大,蛋白质和可溶性糖增加的趋势越明显,并且在盐度日节律性连续变化下,蛋白质增加的速度比可溶性糖增加的速度要快.同时,游离脯氨酸的相对含量随着盐度变化幅度的增加而增加,但是在缓和的盐度日节律性连续变化下(30±3)孔石莼游离脯氨酸的含量却显著小于恒盐对照组(P＜0.05).盐度日节律性连续变化同恒定盐度相比,虽不利于孔石莼的生长,却促进了孔石莼生化产物的合成,是海藻干露时品质得以提高的原因之一. 相似文献
3.
为探讨太阳紫外辐射(UVR,280~400 nm)和CO2浓度变化对大型海藻的复合效应,选择了常见的经济海藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)为实验材料,研究了UVR(阳光紫外辐射)和CO2对其生长、光合作用、色素以及紫外吸收物质含量变化的复合作用。实验设置两个CO2梯度(380×10-6和800×10-6)和三种太阳辐射处理(PAB处理——全波长辐射处理, PA辐射处理——滤掉紫外线B和P处理——滤掉全部紫外线)。结果表明,CO2加富(800×10-6)显著地促进了龙须菜的生长,而UVR则产生抑制作用,但两者之间复合作用不显著。UVR促进了藻体的紫外吸收物质的合成,而且在高浓度CO2下经PAB辐射处理的含量要显著高于正常CO2浓度水平下的,这表明高浓度CO2促进了紫外吸收物质的合成。在光合作用受限制的低PAR条件下,紫外线A(UV-A)促进其光合作用,但高浓度CO2却抑制了藻体的光合作用速率。在正常浓度CO2水平下生长的藻体,UVR显著降低其光合作用能力,但是在高浓度CO2下生长的藻体,UVR这种负面效应不显著。UVR显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,高浓度CO2 在P和PA辐射处理下也显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,但在PAB辐射处理下却呈现相反的结果。高浓度CO2下生长的藻体通过增加体内紫外吸收物质的含量来维持较高浓度的藻红蛋白含量,增强了其抵御UVR的能力。 相似文献
4.
《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(3)
本实验在剥离后的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)稚鲍养殖系统中添加石莼(Ulva pertusa Kiellm),同时调整人工配合饲料的投喂量,研究石莼对稚鲍生长与存活及其养殖水质的影响。实验结果表明,石莼对稚鲍生长及存活具有积极影响,养殖30 d后,处理组2(无性系石莼+80%人工配合饲料)中稚鲍生长速率显著高于对照组1(100%人工配合饲料)(P0.05),其壳长增长率和壳宽增长率分别提高17.91%和15.78%,同时稚鲍存活率提高10%(P0.05)。添加石莼对稚鲍养殖系统的水质也有明显改良作用,所有添加石莼组中氨氮(NH~+_4-N)、硝酸盐(NO~-_3-N)、亚硝酸盐(NO~-_2-N)、磷酸盐(PO■-P)以及弧菌等指标均低于未添加石莼组,表现出良好的水处理效果。 相似文献
5.
近年来，海水富营养化导致近海海域大型海藻过量繁殖，成为世界性的环境问题。自2007年以来，浒苔绿潮在黄海海域连续暴发，造成巨大经济损失。为探究浒苔大规模暴发与氮磷比值(N/P)的关系，及其与其他大型绿藻在不同N/P下的竞争机制，研究了浒苔(Ulva prolifera)与石莼(Ulva lactuca)在不同N/P下单独培养和共培养时的生长情况，探究了浒苔及石莼生长的变化；结合苏北浅滩海域现场N/P的调查结果，分析了浒苔绿潮暴发的可能机制。研究结果表明:(1)浒苔单独培养时，在一定范围内高N/P能促进浒苔的生长，氮对于浒苔的影响大于磷。(2)石莼单独培养时，低N/P下石莼长势最好，但改变N/P对石莼的影响并不显著。(3)浒苔和石莼共培养时，浒苔生长受到了一定限制，低N/P下浒苔生长受限更显著。(4)苏北浅滩海域高N/P更适合浒苔的生长，可能是浒苔绿潮能够大规模暴发的原因之一。 相似文献
6.
细胞穿膜肽能够介导外源物质进入细胞,是一种简单高效的分子运输手段。传统的大型海藻外源物质转导方法较为复杂,并且效率偏低。目前尚没有将细胞穿膜肽应用于大型海藻的报道。本实验利用细胞穿膜肽九聚精氨酸(R9)对浒苔、紫菜和海带这三种常见的大型海藻进行转入,观察其转导效果,并测定转导后藻体光合作用效率的变化。实验结果表明,细胞穿膜肽R9能够成功的转入三种大型海藻,转入的效率与藻体细胞壁结构有一定联系;转导后藻体的Fv/Fm、ETR(I)和ETR(II)没有明显变化,说明R9对大型海藻的光合作用没有负面影响。本实验建立了一种新型的大型海藻外源物质转导方法,为今后的大型海藻育种,分子转化以及外源物质转入机制等研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
光强和二氧化碳浓度变化对浒苔幼苗生长及生理的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大气CO2浓度升高引起的海洋酸化如何在光变环境下影响大型海藻固碳量的问题,关系到未来海洋初级生产力的变化趋势。为研究大型海藻对CO2浓度升高和光强变化的响应,本文选取浒苔(Ulva prolifera)幼苗为实验材料,探讨其在不同光强下[80、260μmol/(m2·s)]和两种CO2浓度(正常CO2浓度:400μL/L和高CO2浓度:1 000μL/L)下的生理变化。研究发现,在正常CO2浓度、高光条件下,浒苔幼苗的生长最快,超氧化物特化酶(SOD)活性最高,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在低光、高CO2处理下有最大值。光合色素含量和光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率在不同处理间没有显著性差异,但叶绿素a与类胡萝卜素的比值在低光正常CO2处理下有最大值。同时,高光高CO2处理下,浒苔幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量最低。 相似文献
8.
孔石莼与2 种海洋微藻的胞外滤液交叉培养研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在实验室条件下,采用海洋大型海藻石莼(Ulva pertusaKjellm.)和海洋微藻青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandicaKylin var.tsingtaoensis)、亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour)Balech)的滤液做了交叉培养研究,初步探索藻间的克生机制。试验结果表明,不同温度处理下,2种微藻滤液对石莼生长的影响均有显著的差异。不同温度处理的石莼滤液对青岛大扁藻生长的影响差异显著,而对亚历山大藻生长的影响差异不显著。可以推测:石莼对亚历山大藻的抑制作用很可能是通过细胞的直接接触来完成的;而石莼对青岛大扁藻的抑制作用和两种微藻对石莼的抑制作用主要是通过分泌胞外产物(Extracellular products,ECP)来实现的,至于其它的方式和途径有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
9.
大型海藻孔石莼抑制浮游微藻生长的原因初探--种群密度及磷浓度的作用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文以磷浓度和种群密度为变量 ,以亚心形扁藻为浮游微藻代表 ,采用实验生态学手段研究了大型海藻孔石莼与浮游微藻 (亚心形扁藻 )间的竞争。结果显示 ,不论营养盐浓度如何 ,高密度的孔石莼皆能显著抑制浮游微藻的生长。分析显示 ,高密度的孔石莼压制浮游微藻生长的原因 ,不是由于对氮、磷等营养盐的竞争所致 ,而可能是其他原因所致。 相似文献
10.
裂片石莼营养价值的评价及其多糖制备的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自福建的野生裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)进行了分类学鉴定和营养价值评估;采用微波加热新方法,进一步研究了裂片石莼多糖提取工艺。研究结果表明,裂片石莼的总糖、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总脂含量分别为34.38%、27.60%、25.20%、11.70%;其必需氨基酸含量为10.0%,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)=79.77;裂片石莼的重金属元素含量达到国家海藻制品的限量标准。研究结果还表明,通过正交实验优化微波加热提取工艺,与传统加热提取工艺相比,裂片石莼多糖的得率提高了21.35%,而耗能降低了58.51%。 相似文献
11.
为探讨经济褐藻羊栖菜人工幼苗对阳光紫外辐射变化的响应,在全波段阳光辐射省(PAB,280～700nm)、去除UV-B辐射(PA,320～700nm)和光合有效辐射PAR(P,400～700nm)三种辐射处理及不同辐射水平下培养羊栖菜幼苗,并测定了其生长与光合作用的变化。结果表明,无论在紫外辐射(UVR)存在情况下(PA,PAB)还是滤除UVR(PAR)时,高辐射水平条件下(55%),羊栖菜幼苗都具有较高的生长速率,而低辐射水平下羊栖菜的生长速率较低。在不同辐射处理之间,随着辐射水平的增高,UVR的抑制效应逐渐突显。UVR降低羊栖菜幼苗的光合电子传递速率。 相似文献
12.
CO2升高和阳光紫外辐射对坛紫菜生长和光合特性的耦合效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大气CO2持续升高,导致溶入海水中的CO2增多,海水表层的H+浓度增加,从而引起海洋酸化。为了探讨近岸定生大型海藻对这种环境变化的响应,本文选择经济海藻坛紫菜为实验材料,研究海洋酸化与紫外辐射对藻体生长以及光合特性的影响。实验分两个CO2处理,分别为正常空气水平(390 ppmv)和高CO2水平(800 ppmv); 三种辐射处理,分别为全波长辐射(PAB)、滤除紫外线B(PA)和仅接受可见光处理(PAR)。研究结果表明,CO2培养下的坛紫菜,在仅有可见光(P)或者同时有紫外线A(PA)存在的情况下,显著促进藻体的生长;但在全波长辐射处理下(PAB),这种作用不明显。高CO2降低了藻体在P和PA处理下的光合作用速率,但对PAB处理作用不显著。高CO2处理下的藻体,UV-B显著降低了全波长辐射下藻体紫外吸收物质的含量,但在正常CO2水平下,紫外辐射的作用不显著。这表明高CO2导致的生长优势被紫外辐射的负面效应所抵消,在全球变化的过程中,紫外辐射的进一步加强在海洋酸化的背景下甚至有可能降低坛紫菜的产量。 相似文献
13.
二氧化碳加富与阳光紫外辐射对球形棕囊藻的耦合效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在含有和滤除紫外(UV)辐射(UVR,280～400 nm)的阳光条件下,向静止、恒温的培养体系中分别充含390×10-6和800×10-6体积CO2的空气,以期探讨CO2浓度升高与阳光UV辐射对球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel)的生理生态学影响.结果显示,该藻对CO2加富和UVR... 相似文献
14.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(1):136-153
The influence of solar radiation on springtime rates of photochemical and biological consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in surface waters from the western Atlantic Ocean was examined by exposing 0.2 μm filtered and unfiltered surface seawater to natural sunlight at five depths in the upper 30 m. Parallel deck incubations of 0.2 μm filtered seawater under various long-pass optical filters were also carried out to aid in assessing the wavelength dependence of DMS photolysis. DMS photolysis rate constants for mid-day exposure (∼10:30–17:30 local time) to surface irradiance ranged from 0.026 to 0.086 h−1 and were highest in coastal and shelf waters. Photolysis rate constants decreased with increasing irradiation depth, in accordance with the attenuation of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm). Total DMS consumption rates (photochemical+biological) in unfiltered surface samples also decreased with increasing incubation depth and were larger than photolysis rates at nearly all depths and all stations. The decrease in photolysis rate constants with exposure depth was mirrored by biological DMS consumption rate constants that were severely inhibited at surface irradiances, and approached or exceeded dark rate constants at deeper exposure depths. Photolysis rates were 2–19 times greater than estimated biological consumption rates in the surface light exposed samples, while biological consumption rates were significantly larger than photolysis rates at incubation depths below the 1% light level for UV–B radiation (280–320 nm). Total DMS loss rates increased up to nine-fold with UVR exposure, but changes in DMS concentrations were not strongly correlated to light dose, presumably due to parallel, light-mediated DMS production processes. The primary loss process for DMS depended mainly on the depth interval considered and the attenuation of UVR; in general, photochemical removal dominated shallow layers characterized by high UV–B intensities, whereas biological removal dominated in deeper layers where UV–B was absent, but UV–A (320–400 nm) and visible (400–700 nm) light fluxes were still relatively high. These results demonstrate that UVR exposure significantly influences the spatial and temporal pattern of DMS production and loss processes, and ultimately the DMS flux to the atmosphere. 相似文献
15.
夏季南海浮游植物光合固碳对不同波长阳光紫外辐射的响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
阳光紫外(UV)辐射影响浮游植物光合固碳,且不同波长UV辐射的生理效应不一.本文以夏季南海近岸海域浮游植物为研究对象,采用生物加权函数(Biological weighting function,BWF,亦被称为UV辐射作用光谱)的研究方法,探讨了不同波长UV辐射对浮游植物群落光合固碳的作用.结果表明,在只有可见光情况... 相似文献
16.
In this study, we explored the interactive effects of temperature and solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the growth, pigment contents, photochemical efficiency and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, which forms harmful algal blooms globally. Cells were first pre-acclimated to temperatures of 20°C, 25°C or 28°C for 10 days. They were then exposed to three different types of solar radiation for 60?min. We then measured the photochemical efficiency of the cells during the 60-min exposure and a 360-min recovery period under dim light (20?μmol?photons?m?2?s?1). In addition, we analysed the diural change in photochemical efficiency and NPQ over a 10-h period. We found that P. pungens that were exposed to higher temperatures in the short term (i.e. 20–25°C, 20–28°C and 25–28°C) or long term (i.e. 25–25°C and 28–28°C) exhibited lower levels of photoinhibition and faster recovery rates than samples exposed to a lower temperature (i.e. 20–20°C). This indicated that the deleterious effects of UVR can be minimised by both chronic and acute exposure to higher temperatures within the tolerated temperature range for P. pungens. 相似文献
17.
In this study, a three-way factorial experimental design was used to investigate the diurnal changes of photosynthetic activity of the intertidal macroalga Sargassum thunbergii in response to temperature, tidal pattern and desiccation during a simulated diurnal light cycle. The maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective (ΦPSII) quantum yields of photosystem II (PSII) were estimated by chlorophyll fluorescence using a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Results showed that this species exhibited sun-adapted characteristics, as evidenced by the daily variation of Fv/Fm and ΦPSII. Both yield values decreased with increasing irradiance towards noon and recovered rapidly in the afternoon suggesting a dynamic photoinhibition. The photosynthetic quantum yield of S. thunbergii thalli varied significantly with temperature, tidal pattern and desiccation. Thalli were more susceptible to light-induced damage at high temperature of 25 °C and showed complete recovery of photosynthetic activity only when exposed to 8 °C. In contrast with the mid-morning low tide period, although there was an initial increase in photosynthetic yield during emersion, thalli showed a greater degree of decline at the end of emersion and remained less able to recover when low tide occurred at mid-afternoon. Short-term air exposure of 2 h did not significantly influence the photosynthesis. However, when exposed to moderate conditions (4 h desiccation at 15 °C or 6 h desiccation at 8 °C), a significant inhibition of photosynthesis was followed by partial or complete recovery upon re-immersion in late afternoon. Only extreme conditions (4 h desiccation at 25 °C or 6 h desiccation at 15 °C or 25 °C) resulted in the complete inhibition, with little indication of recovery until the following morning, implying the occurrence of chronic PSII damage. Based on the magnitude of effect, desiccation was the predominant negative factor affecting the photosynthesis under the simulated daytime irradiance period. These results may explain the distribution pattern of this species in natural habitats, where it is generally restricted to tide pools in the intertidal zone of wave-swept rocky shores which could provide shelter from desiccation stress during low tide. 相似文献
18.
L. F. Chernogor 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2008,44(4):432-447
The results of single-type optical observations, analysis, and comparison of dynamic characteristics of the effects in the surface atmosphere that accompanied four partial solar eclipses (August 11, 1999; May 31, 2003; October 3, 2005; March 29, 2006) near the city of Kharkiv (Ukraine) are presented. The effects observed in the morning, near-noon, and afternoon hours differed markedly. During the solar eclipses, the temperature of the surface atmosphere decreased by 1.3–7.3°. It was detected that, when the maximum value of the occultation function changed from 0.24 to 0.73, the standard deviation of solar-limb displacement σ S decreased by 0.14″ and 0.68″, respectively. The time of convection development was found to be 15–16 min. The parameters of dynamic processes in the surface atmosphere have been calculated and the parameters of mechanical and thermal turbulence have been estimated from the results of measurements of the statistical characteristics of the level of solar-limb tremor with invocation of theoretical relations. The solar eclipses were accompanied by quasi-periodic processes in the atmosphere, which were most likely associated with the generation and propagation of internal gravity waves. 相似文献