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近年来全世界范围内船撞桥事故时常发生，尤其是大型跨海桥梁，对其进行合理的船撞桥风险评估逐渐成为桥梁安全运营的重要保障之一。通过对近年国内外船撞桥案例调研分析，确定了影响事故的多重因素，建立包括4个二级风险评价指标和18个三级指标的层次化评价指标体系，并运用层次分析（AHP）法和熵权法，对各评价指标进行主客观综合赋权，明确各个风险因素对船舶撞击的重要性程度，基于模糊数学理论对船撞桥风险进行多层次综合评判。以浙江省舟山朱家尖跨海大桥为工程背景，结合该桥某年船舶通航统计数据，运用上述方法进行船撞桥风险评估，计算表明朱家尖跨海大桥平均风险评价值为4.22，属于可接受中风险水平，并提出了相应的风险控制对策及措施。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(Z1)
优化渔业监测方案,利用有限调查成本获取可靠的渔业数据,对于海洋捕捞产量抽样调查、掌握渔业资源动态变化具有重要意义。本文根据2017年山东省海洋捕捞渔业信息船的渔捞日志数据,以8种重要渔业物种为目标物种,将这些物种的单位渔船年捕捞产量和单位渔船年总捕捞产量的估计值为渔业生产监测目标,进行计算机模拟,以相对估计误差(REE)、相对偏差(RB)作为评价指标,研究了渔业生产监测信息船数量对渔业生产监测目标估计的影响。研究表明,对于各物种的单位渔船年捕捞产量,估计值的相对估计误差和相对偏差的绝对值均随着渔业信息船数的减少不断增大,渔业信息船数少于130时,各指标的变化幅度较大。当渔业信息船数量由210减少至130时,即渔业信息船数降低近38%,所选指标的REE值增加约8%,RB绝对值平均增加0.17%。研究结果表明,海洋捕捞产量抽样调查的渔业信息船数在保证监测目标估计值一定准确度、精确度的情况下可进行优化,130可视为2017年山东海洋捕捞生产监测可接受的最优渔业信息船的数量。 相似文献
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为解决无人船适用海商法存在的问题,促进我国无人船海上运输产业的健康可持续发展,文章从法理的角度阐释国际海事委员会无人船调查问卷中无人船的法律地位、船长和船员的认定以及无人船的碰撞责任,提出无人船适用海商法存在不确定性风险;在海商法领域,无人船的法律地位认定、船长和船员的识别以及船舶碰撞责任的适用仍存在问题,解决上述问题的有效路径是明确无人船的法律地位、将岸基控制人员识别为船员、采用过错责任原则认定无人船的碰撞责任以及合理分配船东与生产者之间的碰撞责任,以合理规避无人船的风险。 相似文献
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刘家沂 《海洋与海岸带开发》2008,(2):18-22
志愿观测船作为船舶监测的组成部分．对建立海洋环境立体监测系统起到了重要的作用。志愿船观测不仅是为了获取本国海上重要天气因素用于气候服务，也是作为WMO和IOC成员国履行国际船舶航行气候服务的成员义务。文章对国际组织的志愿船管理运行和志愿船观测（VOS）计划进行了相关介绍，以利于了解有关情况。 相似文献
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中日、中韩与中越渔业协定的签订,使我国国内作业渔场范围大幅度缩小。为保护近海渔业资源,农业部做出了今后5年内减船3万艘,涉及约30万渔民转产的伟大战略决策。减船转产是一项系统工程,涉及近数十万渔民家庭的生活以及社会稳定等问题。笔者认为减船转产需考虑以下几方面的问题。一、“减船”问题(一)渔船总量、渔船作业结构的控制问题渔船的控制,不应只单纯地按数量进行控制,而应从其捕捞能力出发,统筹考虑诸如船舶尺度与载重、船舶主机类型、数目与功率、渔具渔法、适渔性能、主捕鱼种等多方面因素后作出。应在科学调查监测的基础上,根据… 相似文献
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随着我国能源需求越来越大,能源形势越来越严峻,各大班轮公司开始精耕细作,积极寻找降低运营成本的方法。以LPG型船舶为例,对船舶纵倾优化技术进行研究,符合当下节能减排的要求。传统的纵倾优化依据船模试验来分析,项目耗时长而且费用较高。运用CFX和FLUENT等商业软件计算LPG船的阻力数值,再用船模实验结果来验证,找到比较合理的数值计算方法,再对LPG船不同吃水、不同速度、不同纵倾下的阻力进行数值模拟计算。结果表明,排除水深的影响,LPG船舶在不改变船舶航速、载重量的前提下可以通过纵倾调节来减少船舶阻力,这对于LPG型船舶类似的肥大型船舶也有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献