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1.
用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对长兴岛刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)38个个体的遗传多样性进行了检测,从40个随机引物中筛选出13个对刀鲚的DNA进行扩增,结果为:13个引物共检测到112条清晰且重复性好的条带,分子质量在200~2000 bp之间,其中多态位点为74个,占66.07%;群体的Shannon多样性指数为0.3164,Nei基因多样性指数为0.2075,结果表明中国刀鲚遗传多样性处于较高水平。刀鲚成熟年龄早,对产卵条件要求不甚严格,产卵率和孵化率都比较高,具有较强的种群恢复能力;另外,由于长江中下游和湖泊刀鲚的捕食者和饵料竞争者的减少,客观上为刀鲚提供了良好的繁殖和幼鱼索饵条件,因此,结合刀鲚自身的生物学特征及生活环境特点,采取合理的保护和管理措施,中国刀鲚资源有望得到恢复。 相似文献
2.
为掌握江苏全海域刀鲚资源状况,为后期长江禁捕效果评估提供支撑资料, 2017年5月、8月、11月与2018年2月在江苏海域(31°45′~35°00′N, 119°30′~125°00′E)分别进行了4次渔业资源调查, 并绘制了尾数资源密度与重量资源密度分布图, 利用SPSS 26软件对当年的刀鲚资源状况进行评估, 积累长江禁渔前刀鲚鱼种系统数据。结果表明: (1) 刀鲚除秋季(11月)与冬季(2月)存在部分群体分布于“机轮拖网渔业禁渔区线”(以下简称“禁渔区线”)外侧之外, 其余时间均在江苏近岸海域(江苏境内“禁渔区线”到海岸线之间的水域)栖息洄游, 江苏近岸海域是刀鲚主要栖息索饵水域; (2) 春季(5月)影响江苏海域刀鲚分布的环境因子较多, 主要有水温、盐度、溶氧、深度、透明度等, 这可能与刀鲚正处于产卵旺期, 对环境因子变化敏感有关; 夏季(8月)影响江苏海域刀鲚分布的环境因子是透明度, 此时刀鲚刚结束产卵不久, 返回近海后急需补充能量, 丰富的营养物质成为影响其分布的主要因素, 此时为北半球夏季, 江苏省境内60余条入海河流正值汛期, 入海河水携带大量的营养物质, 成为返海刀鲚优良的索饵场; 秋季水温降低, 刀鲚开始越冬洄游, 水温成为影响刀鲚分布的重要因素; 冬季, 随着刀鲚性腺再次发育成熟, 新一轮的生殖洄游开始, 刀鲚栖息水层上升, 水深成为影响冬季刀鲚分布的关键因素; (3) 与长江禁捕后其他研究者在长江口收集到的刀鲚规格、全长-体重拟合方程综合对比, 发现自“长江十年禁捕”逐步实施后, 刀鲚种群渔获规格逐渐增大, 全长、体重开始逐渐增长, 长江刀鲚种群呈现资源恢复趋势。 相似文献
3.
为了解长江口刀鲚(Coilia nasus)耳石中碳、氧稳定同位素的特征及其可能反映出的生态学意义,作者利用稳定同位素质谱分析技术,首次对长江口刀鲚幼鱼的耳石进行碳、氧稳定同位素的初步研究。结果显示,δ13C和δ18O分别为–12.1±1.8(‰VPDB)和–7.9±1.2(‰VPDB),总体上δ13C波动较大,而δ18O波动较小。基于个体的δ13C和δ18O散点分布可将本研究中的刀鲚归为两个组,可能起源于长江中两个不同孵化场水域的群体,其中δ18O显示出两组刀鲚所经历环境积温上的差异,反映出两者起源水域温度环境的不同;而δ13C的差异说明两组刀鲚在饵料组成上的有所差异。 相似文献
4.
为系统掌握长江“十年禁渔”初期长江刀鲚体内异尖科线虫寄生状况，本研究于2021年3—7月对长江下游及长江口水域的刀鲚开展系统采样调查。结果显示：刀鲚体内寄生异尖科线虫感染率为82.10%,感染强度为5.8±9.5条/尾，感染丰度为5.1±9.1条/尾，其中感染强度以1～10条/尾的样本占比最高(72.30%),且线虫在刀鲚胃、肠道、幽门盲囊、腹腔及肝脏等表面均有寄生，其中肠道和幽门盲囊寄生线虫数量最多(56.06%和25.65%)。刀鲚体内寄生异尖科线虫的情况与其规格、调查时间和上溯距离之间呈现相关性，随着刀鲚规格增大，感染强度呈先上升后下降，其中体长介于250～280 mm样本组的感染强度最高(p<0.05),体长>300 mm样本组的感染率最高；而随着调查时间的推移，感染强度先下降后上升，在7月样本的感染率和感染强度达到最高(p<0.05);此外，随着刀鲚上溯距离增大，感染强度先下降后上升，感染强度在安庆最高(p<0.05),而泰州感染率最高。抽样分子鉴定结果显示，刀鲚体内寄生的异尖科线虫共鉴定出7种，其中异尖属2种、宫脂属4种、针蛔属1种，另有针蛔属未定种... 相似文献
5.
长江口刀鲚洄游群体和越冬群体能量利用方式 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了了解刀鲚越冬和生殖洄游期间对能量的利用状况,于2008-2009年,研究了刀鲚溯河洄游和越冬时期的能量动力学以及和脂肪沉积和蛋白质代谢之间的关系。结果表明:(1)刀鲚越冬和产卵洄游期间体内能量密度没有显著的差异,刀鲚体内能量密度的高低,不受时间(越冬和生殖洄游)的影响,表明为了在越冬时刀鲚已经贮存好足够的能量用于生殖洄游。(2)刀鲚体内肌肉能量密度存在年际变化,2008年洄游群体能量密度高于2009;(3)刀鲚生殖洄游和越冬时的能量的主要来源是脂肪,刀鲚肌肉能量密度与其肌肉脂肪含量正相关。(4)刀鲚个体越大能量密度越高,同时含水率越低,个体大小是保证刀鲚长距离洄游的关键。(5)洄游期间刀鲚肌肉蛋白质含量与体重没有明显的相关性。 相似文献
6.
我国近海鲚鱼生态习性及其产量变动状况 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
一、概述 鲚鱼是鲚属(Coilia)鱼类的泛称,属鲱形目(Clupeiformes),鳀科(Engraulidae)。我国有记录的共8种,除去同物异名或错误记载,目前大家一致承认的共4种,即:刀鲚(长頜鲚,Coilia ectenes Jordan et Seale)、凤鲚[C.mystus(Linneaus)]、七絲鲚(C.grayii Richardson)和短頜鲚(C.brachygnathus Kreyenberg et Pappenheim)。刀鲚主要分布在我国黄渤海和东海一带。凡通海的江河如辽河、海河、黄河、长江、钱塘江等均能见到。凤鲚在我国海域分布十分广泛,北起 相似文献
7.
《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(4)
从抗氧化酶活性的变化揭示氨氮胁迫对刀鲚稚幼鱼毒性效应的机制,为其健康养殖提供科学依据。分别以刀鲚稚鱼(体长2.33 cm±0.25 cm)和幼鱼(体长5.12 cm±0.45 cm)为试验对象,进行96 h氨氮急性毒性试验,得出各自的96 h半致死浓度96hLC_(50)以及安全浓度。然后,分别用刀鲚稚幼鱼40%96 h LC_(50)进行24h的氨氮胁迫试验并取样,然后,将胁迫组剩余的刀鲚放入曝气自来水中进行24 h的恢复试验,胁迫及恢复试验均取全鱼测定其总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)非特异性免疫酶的活性。结果显示:在胁迫24 h后稚幼鱼T-AOC活力显著下降(P0.05),GSH-Px活力上升但不显著(P0.05),T-SOD、CAT活力均显著上升(P0.05);恢复24 h后各种酶的活性都在向正常水平恢复,但是最终都没有恢复到对照组水平。研究获得了氨氮对刀鲚稚幼鱼的急性毒性结果和在氨氮胁迫下抗氧化酶活性的变化规律,氨氮胁迫引起了氧化应激,恢复后抗氧化能力增强,缓解了氧化应激,但并未恢复到对照组水平。 相似文献
8.
长江河口海域生态系统健康评价指标体系及其初步评价 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
基于结构功能指标体系评价法,利用层次分析法构建长江河口生态系统健康评价指标体系,并选择2002年至2004年8月生态调查数据对其进行初步的定量评价.结果表明,可以通过物理化学指标、生态学指标和社会经济学指标三大类30个指标来建立长江河口生态系统健康评价指标体系;2002年至2004年8月长江河口生态系统的整合健康指数(IHIYRE)分别为3.09,3.17和4.36,均低于系统健康指数值(5),河口生态系统总体上处于健康与不健康之间(3≤IHIYRE≤5).而且,从目前河口海域的污染现状来看,这一海域的水体富营养化比较严重,且状态比较稳定,使其恢复到健康状态需要投入巨大的物质和能量. 相似文献
9.
我国中华绒螯蟹(以下简称河蟹)养殖主要集中在长江、黄河和辽河流域, 经过多年的人工养殖、跨流域引种和增殖放流等活动可能会对其遗传特性造成一定的影响,因此本研究利用29个微卫星标记对3个水系的野生和养殖群体进行了遗传特征分析。结果表明：(1) 29个SSR标记共检测到943个等位基因,各位点等位基因数在11-52之间, 平均为32.52个; 各位点的平均观测和期望杂合度分别为0.723和0.876,仅5个位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡中;各位点平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.864,其中28个为高多态性位点(PIC>0.5)。(2) 6个群体均表现出较高的遗传杂合度水平(HO=0.702-0.744);香农信息指数(I,介于2.566-2.661)显示6群体的遗传多样性水平依次为：长江野生>长江养殖>黄河野生>辽河养殖>黄河养殖>辽河野生。(3)方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,来源于种群内个体间和个体内部的变异分别为14.02%和85.88%,群体遗传分化指数FST仅为0.0008-0.0050,群体间的遗传分化处于较低水平(FST<0.05);基于Nei’s遗传距离的UPGMA聚类结果显示,长江野生群体单独聚为一支, 其余5群体共同聚为大一支, 其中长江养殖群体、黄河野生群体与黄河养殖群体聚为一小支,辽河野生群体和养殖群体聚为另一小支。(4) 瓶颈效应分析显示,所有群体近期均经历过有效种群的降低。群体遗传结构分析显示显示,6种群内个体的遗传组成混杂,不能根据其遗传结构划分出最佳理论群体数。综上所述,三水系野生和养殖群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,长江和黄河野生群体的遗传多样性略高于养殖群体;三水系河蟹野生群体的遗传分化与地理距离具有一定的相关性,长江养殖群体、黄河野生及养殖群体间的遗传分化较小可能与其跨流域引种及养殖群体逃逸造成其种质混杂有关。 相似文献
10.
长江、黄河和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹野生和养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
我国中华绒螯蟹(以下简称河蟹)养殖主要集中在长江、黄河和辽河流域,经过多年的人工养殖、跨流域引种和增殖放流等活动可能会对其遗传特性造成一定的影响,因此本研究利用29个微卫星标记对3个水系的野生和养殖群体进行了遗传特征分析。结果表明:(1)6个群体均表现出较高的遗传杂合度水平(Ho=0.702—0.744),香农信息指数(I)显示6群体的遗传多样性水平依次为:长江野生长江养殖黄河野生辽河养殖黄河养殖辽河野生。(2)分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,来源于种群内个体间和个体内部的变异分别为14.02%和85.88%,群体间的遗传分化处于较低水平(FST0.05);(3)瓶颈效应和遗传结构分析显示,所有群体近期均经历过有效种群的降低,且6种群内个体的遗传组成混杂。综上所述,三水系野生和养殖群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,长江和黄河野生群体的遗传多样性略高于养殖群体;三水系河蟹野生群体的遗传分化与地理距离具有一定的相关性,长江养殖群体、黄河野生及养殖群体间的遗传分化较小可能与其跨流域引种及养殖群体逃逸造成其种质混杂有关。 相似文献
11.
2010-2011年长江河口及邻近水域春夏季仔稚鱼群落结构及其多样性的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据2010—2011年春夏季对长江河口及邻近水域进行了仔稚鱼生态调查,应用单元和多元统计方法分析了春夏季长江河口及邻近水域仔稚鱼群落结构。4个航次调查共获得27个种类的仔稚鱼,隶属5目14科。优势种类主要包括鳀Engraulis japonicus、凤鲚Coilia mystus、康氏小公鱼Stolephorus commersonii、鮻Liza haematocheila、黄姑鱼Nibea albiflora、黄鳍刺虎鱼Acanthogobius flavimanus和寡鳞飘鱼Pseudolaubuca engraulis等。Shannon-Weaver指数(H′)在调查周期内的波动幅度较大,且2011年明显低于2010年。仔稚鱼群落结构和多样性指数春季年间较夏季年间差异性显著。调查区夏季群落结构年间相似性不高,春季群落结构格局年际变化则较明显。聚类分析表明,春夏季长江河口近岸水域仔稚鱼群落可划分为2个站位组,分别对应于长江河口淡水水域和长江口咸水水域。淡水水域组群落和咸水水域组群落总丰度与盐度相关性较高。表明盐度可能是造成长江河口仔稚鱼群落结构时空差异性的主要原因。 相似文献
12.
Impacts of anthropogenic activities on the Changjiang(Yangtze)estuarine ecosystem(1998–2012) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Estuarine ecosystem has greatly changed in the recent decades due to anthropogenic perturbations in the Changjiang Estuary. Change patterns and impact factors were analyzed based on the continuous data... 相似文献
13.
于2007年和2008年6月、8月,用大型浮游生物网对莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布进行了4个航次调查。结果表明,采集到11271粒鱼卵,隶属于4目、15科、22种(不包括2个未定名物种);仔稚鱼2942尾,隶属于4目、9科、12种(不包括2个未定名物种)。6月份是莱州湾大部分鱼类主要产卵期,鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类达25种,鱼卵优势种以斑(Clupanodon punctatus)和凤鲚(Coilia mystus)为主;仔稚鱼优势种以凤鲚、梭鱼(Mugil soiuy)和斑为主。8月份产卵的鱼类较少,仅采集到15种鱼卵、仔稚鱼,优势种均以凤鲚和鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)为主。鱼卵、仔稚鱼平面分布极不均匀,黄河、广利河和老弥河口附近海域数量较多,莱州湾中部海域数量较少。通过SPSS软件分析发现,鱼卵数量与仔稚鱼、表层铵盐含量呈显著正相关(r=0.438,0.604,P0.01),与盐度、透明度呈负相关(r=-0.343,-0.329,P0.05);仔稚鱼数量仅与鱼卵数量和表层铵盐含量呈显著正相关(r=0.438,0.536,P0.01),与其它环境因子没有明显相关关系(P0.05)。 相似文献
14.
We documented the temporal occurrence patterns and habitat use of fish in the Mangyeong River estuary on the western coast
of Korea from February to December 2003 based on monthly samples collected with a stow net. A total of 46 fish species were
collected during the study period. Chelon haematocheilus, Konosirus punctatus, Neosalanx jordani, Sardinella zunasi, Synechogobius hasta, and Thryssa kammalensis were the predominate species, accounting for 84.4% of the collected fish. We classified the fish as brackish water (BF),
coastal migratory (CMF), diadromous (DF), or freshwater (FF) fish. BF such as C. haematocheilus, S. hasta, and Coilia nasus were the most abundant and were collected almost year-round. As water temperatures increased in spring, adult CMF, such as
K. punctatus, S. zunasi, T. kammalensis, T. adelae, Johnius grypotus, Miichthys miiuy, and Larimichthys polyactis, entered the estuary. In summer, large numbers of their juvenile offspring were caught, indicating a peak in fish abundance.
The juveniles grew in the estuary before moving out to deeper waters for overwintering. Diadromous juveniles, such as those
of Anguilla japonica (commonly known as glass eel), were collected in the spring during their upstream migration. FF, such as Carassius cuvieri and Acheilognathus rhombeus, were collected during the rainy season. In terms of the number of species, the number of individuals, and the biomass, the
ratio of BF to all other fish type classifications in the Mangyeong Estuary (without a dam) was higher than that in the Geum
River estuary (with a dam). The fish assemblage in the Mangyeong Estuary still maintained estuarine characteristics before
dike enclosure, providing habitats for BF, nursery grounds for CMF, and migratory pathways for DF. 相似文献
15.
Ju-Duk Yoon Jeong-Hui Kim Sang-Hyeon Park Eve Kim Min-Ho Jang 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(1):147-164
The construction of an estuary barrage, an instream structure in the lower reaches of a river, causes significant physical changes in water flow patterns and river morphology, and results in altered environmental conditions. Here, we examined the impact of the Geum River estuary barrage, completed in 1990, on fish assemblages by using a literature search and fresh surveys of fishways in the barrage. We found that fish assemblages upstream and downstream of the barrage were altered following its completion. After construction, more species were found in the freshwater area, with a particularly great increase in freshwater species. Conversely, estuarine and marine species were only consistently caught in the downstream salt-water area, although the number of species increased. In total, 15,829 fish from 47 species and 20 families were identified at the three types (pool and weir, rubble type, and boat passage) of fishways in the barrage. The dominant species were Chelon haematocheilus, an estuarine species, Coilia nasus, a diadromous species, and Erythroculter erythropterus, a freshwater species. The mean total length of fish (101.9 ± 76.0 mm) in the boat passage fishway was approximately 100 mm lesser than those in the pool and weir (207.2 ± 112.8 mm) and rubble type (205.8 ± 112.7 mm) fishways. The boat passage fishway was the most efficient for fish movements. The current fishway system is not sufficient for fish migration, and thus additional ways are required to improve the system such as the boat passage. Few estuarine or diadromous species were found in both freshwater and salt-water areas, but freshwater fishes that accidently moved to salt-water area actively used fishways. Therefore, fishway management in the Geum River estuary barrage has to focus on freshwater fish; however, this may need to change to a focus on migratory fishes depending on ecological life cycles of migratory fish. 相似文献
16.
Fish utilization of a salt marsh intertidal creek in the Yangtze River estuary, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Binsong Jin Cuizhang Fu Junsheng Zhong Bo Li Jiakuan Chen Jihua Wu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):844-852
The structure and temporal variations of the fish community in salt marshes of Chinese estuaries are poorly understood. Fish utilization of a salt marsh intertidal creek in the Yangtze River estuary was studied based on quarterly sampling surveys in July and November, 2004, and February and May, 2005. Fishes were collected by consecutive day and night samplings using fyke nets during the ebbing spring tides. A total of 25,010 individuals were caught during the study. 17 families and 33 species were documented, and the most species-rich family was Gobiidae. Three species, Synechogobius ommaturus, Chelon haematocheilus and Lateolabrax maculatus together comprised 95.65% of the total catch, which were also the most important commercial fishery species in the Yangtze River estuary. The fish community was dominated by juvenile individuals of estuarine resident species. Time of year significantly affected fish use of salt marshes, but no significant effects of diel periodicity on the fish community were found except for fish sampling in July. These findings indicate that salt marshes in the Yangtze River estuary may play important nursery roles for fish community. 相似文献
17.
为探明工程建设后东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构特征,作者利用等级聚类和多元统计等方法对该水域鱼类种类组成、优势种及群落结构进行分析。春、秋季共发现18种鱼类,隶属6目9科15属;鲈形目鱼类所占比例最高(50%),其中又以虾虎鱼科鱼类最高(44.4%)。春季优势种为短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina),秋季优势种为棘头梅童鱼、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)和凤鲚(Coilia mystus);棘头梅童鱼为春、秋季共同优势种。等级聚类和非度量多维标序排序表明,东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落可分为春季和秋季2个组群,相似性检验(ANOSIM)显示2个组群差异极显著(R=0.851,P0.01)。生物与环境相关分析(BIOENV)表明温度和盐度是影响东海大桥风电场水域鱼类群落结构的最主要环境因子,两者结合因子与鱼类群落的相关系数为0.791。本研究发现,东海大桥风电场水域是棘头梅童鱼、凤鲚、龙头鱼等多种鱼类的育幼和索饵场所,群落结构具有典型的季节特征。 相似文献
18.
长江口大型工程对河口生境破碎化影响的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对工程海域26个站位的调查采样，研究分析了长江口深水航道治理一期工程对河口生境破碎化的影响。结果表明，工程已对长江河口区局部海域水体和底栖生境破碎化产生了明显影响，而对工程海域小尺度海洋水团、底栖生境和渔业资源生境的破碎化影响最大，造成局部小尺度海洋水团改变，部分渔业资源种类洄游通道、产卵场、肥育场、渔场生境破碎化。建议建立长江口生态特别保护区，加强对河口大型工程综合影响研究与生态修复，加强河口生态系统管理与执法力度，为长江口沿岸城市社会经济的可持续健康发展提供良好的海洋生态环境基础。 相似文献
19.
Matt G. Jarvis Manna L. Warburton Aurélien Vivancos Gerard P. Closs 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(1):138-144
While many of New Zealand’s freshwater fishes undertake larval migrations as part of their amphidromous life-history, little is known of the larval stages of these fish. Torrentfish (Cheimarrchthys fosteri), a New Zealand endemic, amphidromous, riffle specialist are particularly enigmatic; their spawning sites and behaviours are unknown, and larvae have never been collected either emigrating from freshwater or during their marine feeding phase. During summer drift sampling, we captured unidentified fish larvae emigrating downstream in the Waianakarua River, South Island, New Zealand. Based on multiple lines of evidence (meristic comparisons with adults, morphology, time of capture, and adult fish populations of the Waianakarua) we identify these larvae as torrentfish. This represents the first time torrentfish larvae have been captured or identified, laying the foundations for future studies into the early life-history and ecology of this unique and threatened fish. 相似文献
20.
Food and feeding of small fish in the Rakaia River,New Zealand 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Benthic macroinvertebrates and fish species were collected at monthly intervals during a 12‐month period, from 3 areas of the lower Rakaia River. The composition and abundance of the benthos and stomach contents of the fish were analysed for seasonal trends, food niche breadth and overlap between pairs of fish species, and overlap between the benthos and the diet of each fish species. The diets of bluegilled bully (Gobiomorphus hubbsi), upland bully (G. breviceps), juvenile longfinned eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), Galaxias brevipinnis, G. paucispondylus, and juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) were similar to the proportions of prey species in the benthos. Deleatidium and chironomid larvae dominated the benthos in all seasons and formed the majority of food items in the diet of these species. Food niche overlap between these species was high, indicating potential competition, but preferred habitat and feeding habit differences plus low fish population density and abundance of main prey items probably eliminate the occurrence of any serious competition. The diet of the other fish species differed from this pattern. The common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) ate proportionally more chironomid larvae and fish eggs than occurred in the benthos; torrentfish (Cheimarrichthys fosteri) ate proportionally more chironomid larvae than occurred in the benthos; and quinnat salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) depended largely upon prey species of terrestial origin, such as adult Deleatidium and dipterans. 相似文献