共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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采用透射电镜技术,研究了3种鲈形目鱼类褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus、黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus及平鲷Rhabdosargus sarba(Forskal)精子发生早期精原细胞、初级精母细胞及次级精母细胞的超显微结构变化。结果表明,3种鱼生精细胞形态结构及代谢活动变化主要体现在核的变化、线粒体数目与结构的变化及高尔基体和溶酶体的行为变化。3种鱼核的变化基本一致:细胞核由近圆形或椭圆形转变为多角形;核质逐渐浓缩;核仁从明显结构至完全消失。褐菖鲉精原细胞时期线粒体分布较多,并出现拟染色质与线粒体相粘附;而平鲷与黑鲷精原细胞时期的线粒体分布较少,无拟染色质。3种鱼高尔基体与溶酶体的变化也有相似性。黑鲷的初级精母细胞中还观察到典型的环层状的髓样小体的结构。 相似文献
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采用紫外线遗传失活的太平洋牡蛎精子作激活源,经6-DMAP加倍诱导栉孔扇贝第二极体抑制型雌核发育二倍体;运用石蜡切片显微技术,对雌核发育二倍体卵子早期胚胎发育过程中的核相变化进行观察;采用荧光原位杂交(GISH)技术对担轮幼虫期胚胎进行检测.结果显示,紫外线处理过的精子入卵后发生一次轻微膨胀,形成雄性原核,但不形成染色体,而是浓缩为致密的染色质小体(DCB),DCB或滞留于两卵裂球的分裂沟上或进入其一的细胞质中,不与雌原核融合;GISH检测结果显示,在早期胚胎中没有检测到外源太平洋牡蛎精子的遗传物质.实验结果可为研究异精诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育二倍体提供细胞学依据. 相似文献
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采用紫外线遗传失活的太平洋牡蛎精子作激活源，经6-DMAP加倍诱导栉孔扇贝第二极体抑制型雌核发育二倍体；运用石蜡切片显微技术，对雌核发育二倍体卵子早期胚胎发育过程中的核相变化进行观察；采用荧光原位杂交（GISH）技术对担轮幼虫期胚胎进行检测。结果显示，紫外线处理过的精子入卵后发生一次轻微膨胀，形成雄性原核，但不形成染色体，而是浓缩为致密的染色质小体（DCB），DCB或滞留于两卵裂球的分裂沟上或进入其一的细胞质中，不与雌原核融合；GISH检测结果显示，在早期胚胎中没有检测到外源太平洋牡蛎精子的遗传物质。实验结果可为研究异精诱导栉孔扇贝雌核发育二倍体提供细胞学依据。 相似文献
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利用荧光显微镜观察太平洋牡蛎正常卵子与雄核发育卵子在受精过程、减数分裂和卵裂早期中的核相变化。雄核发育单倍体是将强度为2.8mW.cm-2.s-1的紫外线照射30s的卵子与正常精子受精后得到的。结果表明,尽管紫外线照射并没有影响卵子的成熟分裂及雌性、雄性原核的形成,但使它们的发生过程滞后。在第1卵裂中期,雄核发育卵子中雌性原核并不像雄性原核一样形成染色体,而是形成1个浓缩的染色质小体(DCB)。第1卵裂后期,DCB不参与核分裂。第1卵裂结束时,DCB位于2个分裂球其中之一的细胞质内或在赤道板处被分割成2部分。实验结果首次提供了太平洋牡蛎雄核发育的细胞学证据。 相似文献
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对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei精子发生的过程进行了透射电镜的观察.结果表明,成熟凡纳滨对虾精巢为指状,分16叶.凡纳滨对虾精子发生分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子5个时期.染色质经历了从以异染色质为主变为高度凝聚状态,再经解聚为弥散絮状的变化过程.核膜由完整转变为不完整.凡纳滨对虾精子发生过程中仅见线粒体、内质网、核糖体细胞器的参与,未见有典型的高尔基体结构的出现.顶体由内质网囊泡团和线粒体囊泡共同转变而来.精子的棘突以及亚顶体区需在输精管的中后端形成,而非在精巢中形成.纳精囊内精子比储精囊内精子的棘突细长. 相似文献
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水分子与烃类气体沉积物孔隙中结合形成水合物的过程中,只吸取孔隙中的淡水,而盐类物质不能进入水合物的晶体结构,在水合物形成过程中会引起局部孔隙水离子浓度的浓缩,增加周围沉积物孔隙水的盐度;而当水合物分解时,孔隙水就会被稀释,使得钻孔获得的水合物样品比不含水合物的样品具有更低的盐度.因为C1-是浅层海洋没积物孔隙水中一种丰富且保守的离子,C1-离子浓度变化通常被用来监测天然气水合物的形成和分解.…… 相似文献
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长竹蛏精子发生和精子的超微结构观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用透射电镜观察长竹蛏Solen strictus精子发生和精子的超微结构,揭示了从精原细胞发育为精子过程中超微结构的变化。其过程主要包括:生精细胞体积逐级减小,细胞核由椭圆形转变为圆形,染色质以颗粒状形式浓缩,内质网和高尔基体分泌的前顶体颗粒融合形成前顶体囊、前顶体囊最终形成顶体,线粒体逐渐融合与发达,以及中心体移动及鞭毛形成。精细胞的分化可分为4个时期。成熟精子属原生型,全长约38—43μm,由头部、中段和尾部3部分组成。头部顶体较短,约为核径的五分之一,呈倒置的碗状,轴向纵切面为马鞍形,顶体物质为分布均匀的高电子密度物质;亚顶体腔几乎伸达顶体的顶端,内含均匀的较低电子密度物质。细胞核呈圆球形,无核前窝,但有一浅的核后窝。中段由4—5个椭圆形线粒体和2个相互垂直的中心粒组成。尾部为典型的“9 2”型结构。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献