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渤海海冰特征厚度分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
通过海冰生消机理和数值试验,讨论了渤海海冰特征厚度的存在条件;对不同厚度的海冰表面温度、冰面热量收支、冰面下热传导和太阳辐射透射量进行了对比分析,分析了渤海海冰向特征冰厚的动态演化过程;在不同气温、风速、相对湿度和海洋热通量等气象和水文条件下,对渤海特征冰厚进行了计算;讨论了海冰生消的动态平衡过程,分析了1997/1998年冬季辽东湾JZ20-2海域实测冰厚与特征冰厚的相互关系。对渤海特征冰厚分析将有助于渤海海冰数值模拟工作的开展和对不同重现期设计冰厚的推算。 相似文献
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我国渤海每年约有3个月的结冰期,冰与海洋结构的相互作用远较波浪为甚,因此有必要进行冰与海洋结构相互作用的可靠性分析.首先,采用热力学的方法根据每年实测的环境参数对海冰平整冰厚进行数值模拟计算,然后根据计算结果对不同重现期的极值冰厚采用极值统计法给出了极值分布,并与其他文献作比较.其次,以应变速率为海冰强度的主要影响参数,给出了海冰强度的概率分布.最后,以Schwarz公式为静冰力计算公式,结合得到的冰厚和冰强度的概率分布,采用映射变换法进行不同重现期静冰力的可靠度分析计算,并用蒙特卡罗重点抽样法进行模拟. 相似文献
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根据渤海6个海洋站的海冰监测及气温观测数据统计,终冰日及冰期可用来表征当年渤海冰情严重程度,在大多数年份冰情与终冰日早晚和冰期长短呈负相关。根据2006/2016年的辽东湾海冰面积及外缘线资料,分析了11年间辽东湾冰情的年变化特征,分析结果显示,辽东湾海冰受局地气温影响明显,两者呈较显著的负相关关系。分析结果发现,辽东湾海冰年际变化除受局地气候的影响外,还受太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)、极涡、东亚槽和欧亚环流等气候因子的共同调控,其中受太平洋副高北界位置指数、极涡面积指数、东亚槽强度指数、欧亚纬向环流指数影响最为显著,可作为辽东湾海冰预测的重要因子,此外北极海冰密集度也可以为预测当年冬季辽东湾每月冰情提供依据。 相似文献
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渤海海冰灾害和人类活动之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海冰灾害的产生不仅于海冰冰情严重程度,而且同人类活动及人类防范海冰的意识有关。通过归纳整理1950年以来渤海海冰冰情等级以及国家海洋局公报内的海冰灾害,并应用5年滑移平均,以反映中国"五年计划"的社会活动与海冰灾害之间的响应,定量分析海冰灾害发生率同海冰冰情等级的关系,发现工业活动的频繁程度同海冰灾害发生率成正比;人类重视程度同海冰灾害发生率成反比;海冰冰情等级与海冰灾害发生率成正比;当海冰冰情等级减轻时,海冰灾害发生率并不一定减少。因此在全球气候变暖的大环境下,针对目前渤海工业活动处于蓬勃发展阶段,加强海冰灾害的防范能力仍然必不可少。 相似文献
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根据埕岛油田海冰厚度1947-1996年动态热力计算数据,推算冰厚的设计参数.利用Gumbel分布、Weibull分布、对数正态分布、皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布和最大熵分布分别拟合原始数据,寻找拟合最优的分布型式作为海冰厚度长期数据的分布,并根据所得分布估计冰厚的设计参数.在N年一遇重现期下,可推求对应的重现值;并利用极大似然法(MLM)求得该重现值的区间估计. 相似文献
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海冰管理是抵御寒区海洋资源开发海冰威胁的有效手段,海冰风险的准确、快速预测是海冰管理系统的关键组成部分。文中面向海冰管理中的冰情短时预测需求,明确了基于现场监测的海冰风险预测模式,开展了应用机械学习理论的海冰风险短时预测方法研究,并以渤海辽东湾海冰管理为例,讨论了神经网络与小波分解等非线性预测方法在冰情短时预测中的适用性。结果表明,时间序列小波神经网络在短时(6 h)冰厚预测中的预测精度与Elman神经网络相仿,而在24~48 h预测中的精度偏差较大;Elman神经网络在6 h、24 h与48 h的冰厚预测中均能保持较好的预测精度,在冰流速与来冰方向预测中,模型预测精度达到80%左右。 相似文献
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辽东湾是渤海的三大海湾之一,在每年冬季经常会遭受大面积海冰灾害影响。本文选取2015年至2023年Sentinel-1 A/B遥感数据,对照Landsat-8数据采用灰度共生矩阵提取SAR影像纹理特征,对比了神经网络、支持向量机以及最大似然分类三种分类方法的精度;统计2015年至2023年辽东湾海冰冰情信息,研究了气温、海表面温度、盐度与海冰的相关关系和相互影响。研究结果表明：对于Sentinel-1 A/B数据,最大似然分类方法精度最高,分类精度达到82.75%;辽东湾海冰通常在12月底或者1月初开始发育,辽东湾结冰顺序为由北向南、由近岸向远岸,消融时顺序为由西向东、由远岸向近岸;辽东湾海冰与气温的Pearson相关系数为-0.502(P<0.01),与海表面温度的Pearson相关系数为-0.553(P<0.01),说明辽东湾冰情与气温、海表面温度为显著负相关,海表面温度对海冰的形成、发育及消融影响更大。此外,盐度对于海冰的影响存在一定的滞后性。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。 相似文献
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为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献