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1.
利用雨生红球藻生产虾青素的研究进展 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
作为天然虾青素的最佳生物来源，雨生红球藻已成为近年来国内外微藻研究的热点之一．本文综述了国内外雨生红球藻培养及虾青素积累的研究进展，介绍了国外天然虾青素商业生产的现状，并对现存的主要问题和发展方向做出阐述，以期推动国内利用雨生红球藻生产虾青素的商业化进程。 相似文献
2.
不同碳氮浓度对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同二氧化碳浓度和硝酸钾浓度对雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的影响。结果表明,较高浓度的CO2(600×10-6)能够显著促进雨生红球藻的生长、光合作用的进行和虾青素的累积。红球藻单个细胞内的虾青素含量随着培养液中硝酸钾浓度的降低而增加,绿色游动藻种和绿色不动藻种培养12 d后获得的最大虾青素值分别为10.93 pg/个和12.64 pg/个。连续通气是促进雨生红球藻生长及虾青素累积的一种有效碳源提供方式。 相似文献
3.
虾青素是一种具有强抗氧化活性的类胡萝卜素,而雨生红球藻是天然虾青素的主要来源。本文以雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)为材料,研究了植物激素玉米素和水杨酸对雨生红球藻的生长、虾青素含量及相关基因表达的影响。分别添加5种浓度的玉米素或水杨酸,结果发现0.05mg/L玉米素或25mg/L水杨酸处理5d后雨生红球藻虾青素积累最多。该浓度玉米素或水杨酸可显著提高光胁迫下藻细胞密度,最高分别达到3.4×10~5cell/mL和3.0×10~5cell/mL;同时玉米素与水杨酸组中虾青素含量显著上升,分别为1.7%和1.6%,比对照组分别增加29.2%和25.6%。玉米素缓解了高光逆境条件下光合作用基因——Rubisco大亚基(rbcL)及其活化酶(rca)、碳酸酐酶(ca)的下调表达,但对虾青素合成途径β-胡萝卜素酮化酶基因(bkt)的表达量没有显著影响;而水杨酸则相反,在胁迫后期不能缓解光合作用相关基因的下调表达,但可使bkt基因显著上调,最高可达对照组的2.5倍。本研究首次比较了玉米素和水杨酸对雨生红球藻生长和虾青素积累的影响,发现玉米素比水杨酸具有更好的促进雨生红球藻中虾青素积累的效果。 相似文献
4.
LED灯的光照对雨生红球藻细胞生长及虾青素积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高雨生红球藻的生物量以及细胞内虾青素的积累量,通过不同光源、不同光照强度照射培养藻细胞。研究表明,在总光强为2500lx,红光与白光的强度比例为2:1时,雨生红球藻干重可以达到0.98g/L,比单独使用白光和红光照射下分别提高了36.11%和15.91%。在雨生红球藻转化产虾青素阶段,对比蓝光LED、目光灯以及两者的组合光源照射转化的结果,发现在总光强为7000lx,蓝光与白光的强度比例为3:1时,雨生红球藻中虾青素的积累量为39.79mg/L,明显高于单独使用白光与蓝光转化下的产量。 相似文献
5.
雨生红球藻(Haematococcuspluvialis)是天然虾青素的最佳来源,它可以在高光胁迫等不利条件下转变成厚壁细胞并积累大量虾青素。然而,目前从微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)层面来揭示在高光胁迫下雨生红球藻次级细胞壁形成和虾青素合成的机理研究尚未见报道。对高光处理下三个时间点的雨生红球藻样品进行microRNA测序,共鉴定出342个已知miRNA和283个新miRNA。在这625个miRNA中,其中有206个miRNA的表达量受高光影响,这些差异表达的miRNA的靶基因参与了淀粉与蔗糖代谢、甘露糖与果糖代谢、糖酵解和萜类骨架生物合成等重要代谢通路。结合转录组结果发现,高光胁迫下有6个miRNA调控了3个和次级细胞壁形成相关靶基因的表达,有5个miRNA调控了5个和虾青素生物合成相关靶基因的表达。以上结果揭示了雨生红球藻在高光下miRNA调控次级细胞壁形成和虾青素生物合成的潜在机制,为雨生红球藻虾青素的代谢工程奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
6.
雨生红球藻和虾青素研究述评 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
虾青系作为食品和饲料色素添加剂有着广阔的应用前景，单细胞绿藻雨生红球藻在特定条件下可双大量积累虾青素，有可能成为该色素的良好天然资源，受到微藻学界的重视。但目前雨生红球藻培养还处于实验室阶段，大规模生产尚存在许多问题有待解决，我国这方面的研究处于起步阶段。为此通过微机查阅１９８１￣１９９７年的国内外发表的有关文献，结合我们的实验结果，从该藻的基础生物学特性、虾青素累积的机制、养殖现状进行了综述，并 相似文献
7.
温度对雨生红球藻叶绿素荧光特性及虾青素含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究了不同温度(5～35℃)对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)叶绿素荧光特性及虾青素含量的影响.测定的主要参数有:PSII的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII的实际光能转化效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子传递效率(ETR)、细胞密度、叶绿素相对含量以及虾青素含量.单因子方差分析结果表明:在整个培养周期中,温度对雨生红球藻各叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素相对含量、细胞密度以及虾青素含量均有显著影响(P<0.05).多重比较结果表明,在本实验条件下,雨生红球藻的最适生长温度是20℃,其单位体积虾青素含量以20℃处理组为最高,而单个细胞中的虾青素含量则以5℃和30℃为最高.相关性分析结果表明:培养天数为3～10天时,叶绿素相对含量与细胞密度均成显著正相关关系.本文还初步探讨了叶绿素荧光技术在筛选耐高温或耐低温微藻品系中的应用. 相似文献
8.
采用反相高效液相色谱分析法（RP-HPLC）研究了稀土元素铈（Ce^3＋）对雨生红球藻（Haematococcus pluvialis）生长及虾青素积累的影响。结果表明，低质量浓度的Ce^3＋对微藻生长和虾青素积累均具有明显的促进作用，当Ce^3＋的质量浓度为0．1mgm时，对藻生长的促进效果最佳，细胞密度较对照组提高34％；当Ce^3＋的质量浓度为1mg/L时，虾青素质量分数可达到细胞干质量的3．2％，较对照组提高167％。此外，高质量浓度Ce^3＋的对雨生红球藻有抑制作用，当Ce^3＋的质量浓度高于40mgm时，红球藻的生长完全被抑制，虾青素质量分数也明显降低。 相似文献
9.
为探究雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)藻际可培养细菌多样性及可培养细菌对雨生红球藻生长和虾青素积累的影响,本实验采用培养分离法,在乙酸钠兼养条件下,共分离到8株雨生红球藻藻际细菌,通过16S rDNA测序鉴定,并在NCBI网站比较序列发现,编号为DBQ、HS、BTH、DBB、XBL、HB、FH、JH的菌株分别与Pseudomonas sp.、Methylobacterium sp.、Chryseobacterium sp.、Bacillus sp.、Paracoccus sp.、Planctopirus hydrillae、Rhodobacter vinaykumarii、Brevundimonas vesicularis的16S rDNA序列具有最高的相似性。分别将8株细菌与通过抗生素处理获得的纯种雨生红球藻共培养,测定了8株藻际细菌对雨生红球藻细胞密度、藻液pH、叶绿素及虾青素含量的影响。实验发现,HS处理组在绿色阶段培养第9天获得最高细胞密度,为3.65×10~5cells/mL,且显著高于对照组;DBB处理组虽然能够促进藻细胞密度增加,但与对照组并无显著差异;DBQ处理组藻细胞密度显著低于对照组及其他处理组。第1～7天,藻液叶绿素浓度的变化与藻细胞密度变化趋势有一定相似性,绿色阶段后期,叶绿素浓度呈现下降趋势,也说明藻细胞内部叶绿素向其他色素转变,同时标志着绿色阶段的结束。绿色阶段培养过程中,藻液pH变化幅度较大,由初始值7.0左右上升到9.30左右,但是培养后期处理组与对照组藻液pH并无显著差异。在测定藻液虾青素含量时,仅HS处理组虾青素含量略高于对照组,但并无显著差异;通过计算单个藻细胞虾青素含量发现DBQ处理组单个藻细胞虾青素含量显著高于对照组。 相似文献
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于2007～2008年在云南楚雄,利用叶绿素连续荧光分析等技术方法,对比研究了3株雨生红球藻藻株(Haematococcus pluvialis)(H_0、H_2、H_3)不同类型细胞对光强适应能力和光化学机制、生长速率和虾青素累积情况,对比研究了红球藻细胞转化过程的光化学特性与能量分配机制。结果表明,3株雨生红球藻游动细胞、绿色不动细胞和红色不动细胞光合作用对光强需求存在明显差异性,其中绿色游动细胞H_0、H_2和H_3光饱和点分别为750、1000、750 μmol/(m~2·s),绿色不动细胞H_0、H_2和H_3光饱和点分别为750、750、500 μmol/(m~2·s),而红色不动细胞H0、H_2和H_3的光饱和点分别为500、750、500 μmol/(m~2·s)。上述数据意味着红球藻光合作用对光强需求以游动阶段细胞最高,其次为绿色不动细胞,而红色不动细胞对光需求最弱;3株红球藻光合作用对光强需求的顺序为H_2H_0H_3。从实际培养效果来看,H_0藻株游动细胞在9月、11月到次年5月生长最好,其中4月、11月比生长速度为藻株H_3的2.19倍和2.17倍,而在6～8月和10月份中,藻株H_2生长比较迅速,但是藻株之间差异性相对较小。针对3株红球藻虾青素累积而言,1～2月、4月、6月、9月、11～12月藻株H0的虾青素含量最高,3月、5月更适宜H_3积累虾青素,其余7～8月和10月H_2藻株积累虾青素更多。综合雨生红球藻细胞生长和虾青素累积二个决定产量的主要因素,作者认为,在秋末、冬、春和夏初等温度和光照相对较低季节,选择藻株H_0规模化培养可获得更好的生产效果,而在光照较强、温度较高和多雨的夏季和秋初季节,应选择藻株H_2培养产量更高。 相似文献
11.
利用生长素(NAA、3-IBA)和细胞分裂素(6-BA、kt)两类植物激素,对比研究了其不同配伍对4株雨生红球藻H0、H2、H3和H4细胞生长以及虾青素累积的调节作用.结果表明,尽管在不同株系之间存在一定的差异,但激素明显促进该藻细胞生长和虾青素累积,而对细胞大小没有产生明显影响.激素对红球藻细胞数量的增加主要是靠加快游动细胞阶段无性繁殖过程来实现的:而激素对虾青素含量的提高却是通过增加细胞数量和细胞内虾青素积累的协同作用结果,其中以细胞数量的增加为主.在激素单因素实验中,3-IBA对H0细胞生长增加效果最好,对H2、H3细胞生长增加效果较好的是kt,对H4细胞生长增加效果最明显的是NAA.与空白对照组相比,上述激素处理后细胞生长速度分别提高了1.95、1.54、4.25和1.78倍.经过激素多因素实验,H0、H2、H3和H4藻株的细胞生长增加效果分别是空白组的1.44、2.62、2.52、1.07倍,而虾青素含量分别为空白组的1.09、1.61、1.37、2-35倍.根据4株藻株的实验结果以及综合考虑各激素的市场价格,建议在规模化生产中,采用1.75mg/NAA和4mg/L 3-IBA以提高红球藻的培养效果. 相似文献
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研究了有机溶剂提取雨生红球藻中虾青素过程中,不同液料比对提取效率的影响,并以分光光度法及高效液相色谱法(HPLC),检测了不同有机溶剂对提取组分及主要组分(叶绿素和虾青素)含量的影响.结果显示,提取率随着液料比的增加而上升,当液料比大于20:1时,其升高变缓,趋于平衡;不同有机溶剂提取物的化学组分无明显差异,但各组分含量的比例差异较大,如二氯甲烷提取物在480nm下吸光度为30.64±0.54,高于丙酮、乙酸乙酯及甲醇(分别为27.68±5.54、25.32±8.43及24.31±0.79),而645和663 nm下吸光度为2.54±0.46和5.33±0.19,较丙酮、三氯甲烷、无水乙醇及甲醇(分别为5.70±0.71、12.87±0.14、7.60±0.23及6.44±0.28)低,说明该种溶剂对于虾青素有较高的提取效率,但其挥发性强且毒性大,而无水乙醇的提取率略低于二氯甲烷,具有安全、低毒的优势,因此无水乙醇是较为合适的虾青素提取溶剂. 相似文献
13.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
14.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
15.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
18.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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