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全面评价海域集约利用水平是科学配置海域资源的重要依据。文章从界定海域集约利用的内涵出发,构建包括海域开发程度、布局结构、利用效益和可持续性等4个维度在内的海域集约利用测度指标体系,应用CRITIC方法确定指标权重,运用SPA方法定量评价2006—2012年我国海域集约利用动态水平,并采用系统聚类方法和ArcGIS进行空间差异分析,测算我国沿海11省(自治区、直辖市)海域集约利用空间分异趋势。结果表明:时间上,我国海域集约利用水平呈逐年提升态势;空间上,天津、浙江、广西、河北的海域集约利用水平最高,辽宁、江苏、广东、山东、海南次之,上海和福建最低。 相似文献
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区域建设用海是海域使用的一种重要方式。文章以土地与海域集约利用评价为参照,从"投入—产出"的角度出发构建了区域建设用海集约利用评价指标体系,利用遥感解译方法从2017年高分影像中提取并计算了江苏省12个区域建设用海的主要评价指标值,应用TOPSIS模型评价了江苏省沿海已建项目的集约用海现状。研究表明:①江苏省区域建设用海开发利用程度较低,53.2%的土地处于未利用状态,农渔业为面积占比最小的用地类型,江苏省对第二、第三产业的发展更为重视。②已有的开发活动中,人工设施面积较小,建筑与道路等面积占比远小于生态面积,区域生态健康状况良好。③根据指标计算,江苏省区域建设用海集约利用评价得分集中在0.4～0.6,集约利用程度整体较低,不同项目集约化利用程度差异较小,主要原因在于项目投资强度两极分化,道路等基础设施不够完善等。④从不同用海类型来看,交通运输用海集约利用程度最高,其用海结构布局最适宜,效率最高。文章所建指标具有指向性,应用TOPSIS模型进行无须赋予权重,因此更能客观真实地反映江苏省区域建设用海的集约利用情况。 相似文献
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沿海城市土地集约利用程度的人工神经网络判定——以大连市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在明确城市土地集约利用概念和内涵的基础上,建立了沿海城市土地集约利用评价指标体系,运用BP神经网络构建了一个定量评价模型,并应用其对大连市城市土地集约利用水平进行综合评价和分区判定.评价结果表明,大连市城市土地集约利用处于适度水平,区域差异显著,其中西岗区集约水平最高,金州区最低;而土地投入产出偏低是影响大连市城市土地集约利用的主要原因. 相似文献
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对于养殖用海集约利用评价,目前国内相关研究还非常缺乏。文章借鉴现阶段耕地集约利用的研究方法,结合养殖用海特征,对养殖用海集约利用内涵进行了界定,从海域利用程度、海域投入强度、海域利用效益、海域利用可持续性4个层面遴选10项指标建立了养殖用海集约利用评价指标体系,并以2016年为数据年份,选取我国9个沿海省、市、自治区进行区域养殖用海集约利用评价分析。结果显示,我国养殖用海集约利用整体处于较低水平,暂无高度集约利用省份,福建、广西、天津、山东等地处于相对集约状态,并从各准则维度进行了细化分析,提出优化利用方向。 相似文献
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开发和利用海洋资源,加快海洋经济发展,对培育新的经济增长点具有重大意义,而建设项目用海正是开发和合理利用海洋资源的基础。文章通过对2005—2011年河北省海域使用现状调查资料和成果的研究,分析了河北省海域使用现状。结果表明,河北省建设项目用海存在审批控制体系不完善、缺乏规划、空间结构布局不合理等问题。针对实际问题,提出河北省海域使用管理的对策,强调建立和完善海洋资源综合管理,实行严格的建设项目用海控制指标体系,优化海域利用结构,为河北省建设项目用海控制指标研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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文章利用GIS平台分析了山东省渤海海域使用现状;基于AHP和德尔菲法构建了海域资源环境承载力评价模型,从海洋空间资源、海洋环境质量和海洋生态环境等方面,以县级行政区管理海域为基本单元,评价了山东省渤海海域15个县级行政区管理海域的承载能力水平;运用空间分析模块,给出了反映15个评价单元海域资源环境承载能力的空间分布图。结果表明:山东省渤海海域资源环境承载能力较高的单元主要分布在长岛县、蓬莱市和龙口市等海域;海域资源环境承载能力较低的单元主要分布在无棣县、昌邑市和潍坊市寒亭区等海域;海洋资源环境承载能力呈现出东部高于西部、西部高于中部的特点。未来,应加强海洋资源环境保护,探求增强沿海地区承载能力的有效途径。 相似文献
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提出采用海洋资源环境承载综合指数法划定海洋资源环境超载红线区的方法。通过分析我国海洋管理分区体系现状,提出海洋资源环境超载红线区是海洋生态红线区的重要组成部分。以压力-承压-调节力为框架,建立海洋资源环境超载红线区评价指标体系和综合评价方法,给出指标标准值、权重、选择性与空间属性的确定原则,以盘锦市管辖海域为案例区,划定了海洋资源环境超载红线区。结果表明,具有调节系数的资源环境承载综合指数法较为科学地划定了案例区的资源环境超载红线区,盘锦海域超载红线区的面积占盘锦管辖海域面积的58.3%,主要分布在盘锦港口航运区、辽滨工业与城镇用海区和辽东湾农渔业区等海洋功能区内。 相似文献
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海域承载力是海洋资源利用协调发展的重要指标,本研究旨在根据胶州湾海域资源特征,基于DPSIR模型构建海域承载力评价指标体系,运用熵值法评价2000—2020年胶州湾海域承载力,并运用耦合协调度模型分析胶州湾海域承载力子系统内部的耦合协调度。结果表明,2000—2020年胶州湾海域承载力和耦合协调度变化幅度范围分别为0.70~0.95和0.73~0.85。研究结论如下:1)2000—2020年胶州湾海域承载力处于强可载、近满载状态,总体呈降低趋势;2)在压力层中的对海洋资源的需求是影响海域承载力的主要因素,而GDP (Gross Domestic Product)增长率、海洋渔船数和海洋渔船功率、人均滩涂面积和人均用海面积、主要海洋产业增加值年增长率、人工增殖放流则分别是影响驱动力层、压力层、状态层、影响层、响应层的主要因素;3)2000—2020年间胶州湾海域承载力整体耦合协调度总体呈“初级协调至良好协调”态势。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献