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畸形波波形与其所处海况特征密切相关。在线性、窄谱假定下，最可能出现的畸形波波形服从“新波”理论，即最大波位于波群中间且其前后相邻波浪对称。然而，实际海浪谱通常是包含多种频率成分的宽谱。目前对实测畸形波及其附近波面形态特征仍缺乏系统认知，对其影响因素尚不明确。本文基于挪威海气象观测站共112个畸形波序列，分析实测畸形波波形及影响因素。研究表明，只有52%的畸形波在波群中间，其余畸形波在波群前侧的概率更高。此外，畸形波前后相邻波浪并不完全对称，其中位于后侧的波幅普遍更大。通过定量分析实测畸形波的平均波形与“新波”理论结果，发现谱宽是影响畸形波波形的关键参数。随谱宽增加，畸形波的平均波形与“新波”理论得到的波面序列误差呈指数增加。 相似文献
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基于一系列实验室风浪破碎实验,讨论破碎波群间隔的统计分布。实验时风速分别设定在6～9 m/s间几个不同的风速水平,破碎波群间隔定义为两个相继发生破碎的波群中破碎首发时刻之间的时间间隔,破碎依据波面信号和实验者同步记录的破碎标记信号判别,分布拟合检验采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验。数据分析结果表明:1)所有实验信号的破碎波群间隔都服从Gamma分布;2)低风速情形的破碎波群间隔大多服从指数分布——Gamma分布的一种特殊情形;3)相同实验条件下的破碎波群间隔具有相同的分布。这意味着破碎波群的发生可以视为一种更新过程。 相似文献
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在实验室风浪槽中观测风浪,发现波群连长是影响波群中波高分布的重要因素,随着波群连长增大,波群中波高分布信息熵增大。当以平均波高无因次化,连长较大时波群中波高累积概率明显大于连长较小时情形。波群中波高分布受谱宽度影响。当谱宽度增大,波群中波高累积概率降低。谱宽度和波群连长对波群中波高累积概率的影响相当。引进体现波群特性的1个无因次化波高参量研究波群中波高累积概率。 相似文献
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根据Kjeldsen对畸形波的定义：波高大于有效波高的2倍（H/H1/3＞2），基于实测波浪资料，统计分析了江苏射阳海域和广东南澳海域的畸形波个数和波浪要素。江苏射阳海域畸形波发生概率为0.005 7%，广东南澳海域畸形波发生概率为0.007%。用Rayleigh分布、双参数Weibull 分布和MER分布对实测数据得到的特征波高进行了拟合，研究了海域内畸形波发生的概率分布。拟合结果表明：MER分布更适合描述两个海域畸形波的发生概率，两个海域畸形波的发生概率均高于Rayleigh分布和Weibull分布。在测量数据期间，台风在海域过境可能增加畸形波的发生概率；同时两个海域的双峰谱占比为22.7%和5.8%，可能也是导致畸形波发生概率增加的原因之一。 相似文献
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系泊方柱在畸形波与波群伴生波浪作用下运动响应试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
畸形波与波群伴生波浪作用于系泊浮体,和常规随机波浪作用比较,运动响应时频域特征均将发生显著变化。基于物理模型试验,采用小波方法计算伴生波浪和常规随机波浪作用下系泊浮体运动响应的时频域特征变化及波群因子与浮体运动响应时频域特征的定量关系。结果表明:伴生波浪作用下浮体运动响应显著大于常规随机波浪的作用结果,且波群因子G A对浮体运动响应时频域特征有显著影响;伴生波浪作用下浮体纵荡运动的广义能量谱E(t)统计特征值E max(t)、E 1/10(t)、E 1/3(t)、E average(t)均明显大于相同波谱下常规随机波浪的结果,且随着波群因子G A增大显著增大;伴生波浪作用下各运动响应能量集中度δE显著大于常规随机波浪作用结果,且能量集中时域分布范围参数ΔT E以纵荡运动分量最为显著。 相似文献
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畸形波作用下JIP Spar平台波浪力分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用时域高阶边界元法研究畸形波、系泊系统与浮式结构物耦合作用问题,运用四阶Runge-Kutta方法更新下一时间步的波面和速度势,采用非线性有限元法模拟系泊缆索的各种受力及缆索的弹性变形。以Longuet Hinggins模型为基础,调整组成波的初相位,在很短的波列中得到满足畸形波定义的波形。分析了聚焦位置、初始相位、谱峰周期、谱宽以及水流参数等对系泊JIP Spar平台缆绳力和波浪荷载的影响。将入射波浪的聚焦点分别设置在平台的迎浪侧和背浪侧,分析缆绳力和波浪荷载聚焦峰值,模拟结果发现其最大值产生在聚焦点为迎浪侧的情况。当聚焦点在迎浪侧时,缆绳力和波浪荷载聚焦峰值随着初相位的增加而减小,随着谱宽的增加而减小,而随着谱峰周期的增加而增加。 相似文献
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本文将小波分析用于波群结构和波群中波破碎的研究。实验结果表明,波群中波动的振幅不是关于波群中央对称的,而是波群前部波动的振幅较大。这种不对称性导致波群前部单个波的波陡较大,后部单个波的波陡较小,当谱宽度增大时波群前部与后部单个波的平均波陡之差增大。波群前部波陡较大导致波群前部的波动最容易发生破碎,而不是波群中央的波动最容易发生破碎,波群中波动最可能发生破碎的位置距波群中央的长度为波群长度的1/6。 相似文献
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《Applied Ocean Research》2004,26(1-2):35-48
We present a statistical analysis of some of the largest waves occurring during 793 h of surface elevation measurements collected during 14 severe storms in the North Sea. This data contains 104 freak waves. It is found that the probability of occurrence of freak waves is only weekly dependent on the significant wave height, significant wave steepness and spectral bandwidth. The probability does show a slightly stronger dependency on the skew and kurtosis of the surface elevation data, but on removing the contribution to these measures from the presence of the freakwaves themselves, this dependency largely disappears.Distributions of extreme waves are modelled by fitting Generalised Pareto distributions, and extreme value distributions and return periods are given for freak waves in terms of the empirical fitted parameters. It is shown by comparison with these fits that both the Rayleigh distribution and the fit of Nerzic and Prevosto severely under-predict the probability of occurrence of extreme waves. For the most extreme freak wave in our data, the Rayleigh distribution over-predicts the return period by about 300 times when compared to the fitted model. 相似文献
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V. Sundar 《Ocean Engineering》1989,16(2)
Ocean waves and forces induced by them on offshore structures are random in nature. Experience has shown that short term statistics of wave heights can be described by the Rayleigh distribution for narrow band spectra (Longuet-Higgins, 1952) and that the long term statistics or the evaluation of design wave is based on certain well known extreme value distribution such as mixed Frechet distribution (Thom, 1973a, b).This paper presents a new application of the double bounded probability density function to describe the ocean wave statistics. The prime importance is to estimate the most probable maximum wave height for offshore structural designs. 相似文献
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Long time series of wave field are experimentally simulated by JONSWAP spectra with random phases in a 2D wave flume. Statistic properties of wave surface, such as significant wave height, skewness and kurtosis, are analyzed, and the freak wave occurrence probability and its relations with Benjamin-Feir index （BFI） are also investigated. The results show that the skewness and the kurtosis are significantly dependent on the wave steepness, and the kurtosis increases along the flume when BFI is large. The freak waves are observed in random wave groups. They occur more frequently than expected, especially for the wave groups with large BFI. 相似文献
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基于二次开发开源计算流体力学(CFD)软件包Open FOAM中的非稳态不可压缩两相流求解器inter Foam建立数值模型,增加了基于方向谱的三维造波边界和吸收边界,成功模拟了三维多向畸形波过程。通过与模型试验波面和目标谱对比,验证了数值模型模拟三维多向畸形波的有效性。另外,分析了网格尺度和柯朗数对模拟结果的影响,并使用连长统计和SIWEH两种方法分析了包含畸形波波列的群性。研究结果表明:在本研究范围内,网格尺度设置0.02 m×0.01 m×0.02 m,最大柯朗数选择0.25,模拟出的三维畸形波效果最好;从能量角度描述畸形波的群性更为合理。 相似文献
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在试验水池中，开展了波浪在岛礁地形上演化问题的研究。首先在实验水池中建立了西太平洋某岛礁地形的模型，然后采用改进的JONSWAP谱，由造波机产生不同周期、波高的随机波浪。试验中观察到了不同类型畸形波生成的过程及不同波面形态的畸形波。对偏度、峰度及水深与畸形波要素Hm/Hs（Hm表示波列中的最大波高， Hs为有效波高）的关系进行了详细的分析，同时，对畸形波波高Hfr与偏度的关也进行了分析。通过对试验结果分析，发现峰度与畸形波要素i>Hm/Hs呈正相关， Hfr增大时相应的偏度也会呈现增大的趋势。此外，水深的变化剧烈时（如斜坡、海山位置）有助于畸形波的发生。 相似文献
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An extremely large (“freak”) wave is a typical though rare phenomenon observed in the sea. Special theories (for example, the modulation instability theory) were developed to explain mechanics and appearance of freak waves as a result of nonlinear wave-wave interactions. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the freak wave appearance can be also explained by superposition of linear modes with the realistic spectrum. The integral probability of trough-to-crest waves is calculated by two methods: the first one is based on the results of the numerical simulation of a wave field evolution performed with one-dimensional and two-dimensional nonlinear models. The second method is based on calculation of the same probability over the ensembles of wave fields constructed as a superposition of linear waves with random phases and the spectrum similar to that used in the nonlinear simulations. It is shown that the integral probabilities for nonlinear and linear cases are of the same order of values 相似文献
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A numerical wave model based on the modified four-order nonlinear Schrdinger (NLS) equation in deep water is developed to simulate freak waves. A standard split-step, pseudo-spectral method is used to solve NLS equation. The validation of the model is firstly verified, and then the simulation of freak waves is performed by changing sideband conditions. Results show that freak waves entirely consistent with the definition in the evolution of wave trains are obtained. The possible occurrence mechanism of freak waves is discussed and the relevant characteristics are also analyzed. 相似文献
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浅水极限波浪几何特征的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该文通过物理模型实验,对浅水区域内的波浪在破碎前极限状态下的几何特征进行了研究。实验基于JONSWAP谱对不规则波浪进行模拟,通过对波群中出现的单体极限波浪进行捕捉并对波形进行测量而得到研究样本。为了考察底坡因素对极限波浪几何特征的影响,实验共考虑了3组大小分别为β=1/15、1/30以及1/45的地形坡度。统计结果表明,在实验所采用的坡度范围内,当地波高与水深对近岸极限波浪的影响最为显著,随着水深与波高因素变化,极限波浪的几何特征也出现明显的改变。坡度因素对极限波陡和偏度的影响很小,可以被忽略,但是对不对称度参数的影响相对比较明显,坡度越陡,不对称程度越剧烈。最后,通过参数化,本文给出了极限波浪几何特征变化的经验公式。 相似文献
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Efficient Generation of Freak Waves in Laboratory 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
In the present study,Kriebel's method is improved to generate freak waves in laboratory.The improved method superposes a random wave train with two transient wave trains to simulate freak wave events in a wave tank.The freak waves are more nonlinear than what generated with Kriebel's method of the same energy.It can also generate freak waves to satisfy all the qualifications of the adopted definition with less energy than Kriebel's and can hardly influence the significant wave height. 相似文献
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The Edgeworth’s form of a cumulative expansion of the probability density function (PDF) of surface elevation expands the maximum wave height distribution to predict the occurrence probability of freak waves. This study investigated the enhancement of the occurrence probability of freak waves due to the fourth order moment of surface elevation, kurtosis, change and found that the nonlinear effects on the occurrence probability of a freak wave linearly depends on kurtosis for a small number of waves N=250. The statistical theory was compared with field data, and freak waves sometimes appear when not expected by the Rayleigh theory, but they were predicted by the proposed theory. 相似文献