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本文分析了采集自太平洋、印度洋和大西洋的表层海水溶解硅酸盐的δ30Si值,结果表明,太平洋表层海水的δ30Si值为0.45‰～2.91‰,平均值为(1.52±0.59)‰;印度洋表层海水的δ30Si值为0.98‰～2.30‰,平均值为(1.52±0.36)‰;大西洋表层海水的δ30Si值为0.90‰～2.23‰,其平均值为(1.55±0.35)‰。硅同位素在各大洋表层,主要表现出与大洋表层环流和经向翻转流的相关性,其分布特征受表层水体中的生物活动以及表层洋流运动导致的不同水团之间的混合的影响,且混合作用可能对开放大洋表层水体的δ30Si分布具有显著的影响。 相似文献
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Zixuan Li Chao Xu Minfang Zheng Mengya Chen Yusheng Qiu Hantao Zhou Min Chen Run Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(1):1-11
The dual isotopes(N and O) of nitrate were measured using a denitrifier bacterial method in the western South China Sea(WSCS) during September 2015 to elucidate key information during N transformation in the lower euphotic zone(LEZ)-upper mesopelagic zone(UMZ,down to 500 m in this study) continuum,which is a vital sub-environment for marine N cycle and sequestration of atmospheric CO2 as well.The N isotopic composition(δ15N) of nitrate generally decreased from 500 m toward ... 相似文献
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Isotope parameters (δD, δ<Superscript>18</Superscript>O) and sources of freshwater input to Kara Sea
The isotope characteristics (δD, δ18О) of Kara Sea water were studied for quantitative estimation of freshwater runoff at stations located along transect from Yamal Peninsula to Blagopoluchiya Bay (Novaya Zemlya). Freshwater samples were studied for glaciers (Rose, Serp i Molot) and for Yenisei and Ob estuaries. As a whole, δD and δ18O are higher in glaciers than in river waters. isotope composition of estuarial water from Ob River is δD =–131.4 and δ18O =–17.6‰. Estuarial waters of Yenisei River are characterized by compositions close to those of Ob River (–134.4 and–17.7‰), as well as by isotopically “heavier” compositions (–120.7 and–15.8‰). Waters from studied section of Kara Sea can be product of mixing of freshwater (δD =–119.4, δ18O =–15.5) and seawater (S = 34.9, δD = +1.56, δ18O = +0.25) with a composition close to that of Barents Sea water. isotope parameters of water vary significantly with salinity in surface layer, and Kara Sea waters are desalinated along entire studied transect due to river runoff. concentration of freshwater is 5–10% in main part of water column, and <5% at a depth of >100 m. maximum contribution of freshwater (>65%) was recorded in surface layer of central part of sea. 相似文献
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Yamin Yang Zhigang Zeng Xuebo Yin Xiaoyuan Wang Shuai Chen Haiyan Qi Zuxing Chen Bowen Zhu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(10):129-143
Studies of the mineralogy and sulfur isotope composition of sediment-hosted hydrothermal sulfide minerals in cores are important for understanding the seafloor mineralization environment and material source and reconstructing the hydrothermal history. However, the source of ore-forming materials and the history of hydrothermal activity in the southern Okinawa Trough (SOT) remain unclear. Here, the mineralogy and sulfur isotope characteristics of sulfides from gravity core HOBAB4-S2, collected between the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field (HF) and the Tangyin HF, was investigated. Enrichments in Zn (up to 321×10?6), Cu (up to 73.7×10?6), and Pb (up to 160×10?6) and the presence of pyrite, galena, pyrrhotite and minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite provide evidence for the input of hydrothermal materials into the sediments. The pyrite morphologies include disseminated cubic, pentagonal dodecahedron, and framboidal forms. Except for minor framboidal pyrite, euhedral pyrite from core HOBAB4-S2 is mainly of hydrothermal origin with Co/Ni ratios >1 and S/Fe atomic ratios <2 in the Cu-Zn-Pb-rich layers. The occurrences of hexagonal pyrrhotite, high-Co (up to 0.17%) pyrite and high-Fe sphalerite indicate that the hydrothermal precipitates formed at medium-high temperatures and low-sulfur fugacity (fS2) environments. The δ34S values of sulfides (0.21‰–3.45‰) with low- fS2 mineral assemblages (e.g., pyrrhotite ± high-Fe sphalerite) in the core are significantly lower than those of magmatic rocks and seawater, indicating possible incorporation of previously formed biogenic sulfur in the sediment. Combined with the age model of the core, it is suggested that hydrothermal activity likely began in the Tangyin HF before AD 1445–1483 and that at least three active episodes may have occurred since then. 相似文献
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利用2003年大洋DY105-12,14航次在中太平洋海山获取的KXD28富钴结壳样品,采用气相色谱(GC)内标法对该结壳样品的分层样进行了可溶有机质(氯仿沥青“A”)及其族组成(饱和烃、芳烃、非烃)、正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃的定量分析,并结合总有机碳(TOC)及有机碳同位素(δ13C)分析,探讨了结壳样品有机质来源及富钴结壳组成与生长环境之间的关系。结果表明:(1)富钴结壳中有机质生物母源主要为海洋生物和菌藻类,并混有少量陆源物质;有机碳同位素同样也指示了海洋水生生物碳同位素特征;(2)KXD28结壳从底层到最外层有机碳同位素发生了很大变化,结壳中有机碳同位素组成变化与结壳生长过程中的海洋环境气候相符合:富钴结壳生长前期δ13C组成由正变负,对应全球气候变冷,南极底层流向太平洋挺进;而富钴结壳生长后期δ13C逐渐偏正,与全球气候变暖和南极底层流萎缩相关联。 相似文献
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建立了测定天然海水中硝酸盐氮同位素组成的蒸馏法,该方法主要是在碱性条件下利用戴氏合金将海水中的硝酸盐还原为氨,后利用稀盐酸吸收生产的氨,将得到的氨吸收液浓缩后干燥结晶,利用同位素比值质谱仪测定所得晶体的氮同位素组成。研究中开展了戴氏合金添加量及氨吸收溶液在不同条件下干燥结晶对氮同位素测值的影响研究。结果表明,戴氏合金添加量为3.0 g及60 ℃下直接干燥结晶为最佳的实验条件。所建立的氨蒸馏法氮空白值仅为(0.90±0.19) μmol,低于此前文献报道的氮空白值;氮同位素组成(δ15N)空白值为(-14.7±4.1)×10-3。运用所建立的氨蒸馏法实测得到的硝酸盐δ15N值与氨扩散法、硝酸盐直接测定法得到的数值非常吻合,进一步证明所建立氨蒸馏法的可靠性。改进后的氨蒸馏法适用于硝酸盐浓度在2~50 μmol/dm3内的天然海水硝酸盐氮同位素组成的测定,方法的标准偏差为±0.3×10-3。 相似文献
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南海多金属结壳(核)铁锰矿物/海水界面效应与成矿元素的富集 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底铁锰结壳和结核是重要的海底矿产资源,蕴含着丰富的金属元素并且具有巨大的经济价值。本文主要以南海多金属结壳（核）为研究对象,采用X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、激光拉曼光谱、红外光谱分析（FTIR）以及X射线光电子能谱对铁锰矿物的矿物学和谱学特征进行了系统的分析和研究。粉晶衍射和拉曼光谱分析结果表明,南海多金属结壳的矿物组成为水羟锰矿、石英和长石,结核的矿物组成为钡镁锰矿、水羟锰矿、石英和长石,铁相矿物均为无定形铁氧化物/氢氧化物,并且锰相矿物和铁相矿物的结晶程度均较差。红外光谱分析结果显示多金属结核和结壳中的铁锰矿物具有大量表面羟基,这些含质子表面羟基官能团,可为海水中各成矿元素的络合提供丰富的活性位点。XPS分析表明多金属结核和结壳中铁锰矿物表面以Fe、Mn和O元素为主,其中Fe呈正三价态,Mn以正四、正三价为主,可能还含有少部分正二价态。对比南海多金属结壳（核）与太平海山结壳,南海多金属结壳（核）具有更为显著的表面羟基氧（-OH）含量,而太平洋海山结壳则以晶格氧（O2-）为主,表明太平洋海山结壳铁锰矿物结晶程度较南海多金属结壳（核）高。综合研究表明,在海底铁锰结壳和结核中（氢）氧化锰/铁矿物与海水之间界面效应对金属离子的富集机理主要有：（1）金属离子与矿物表面羟基进行络合反应,形成以配位键相连的羟基络合物,或与表面的质子交换生成稳定的内层络合物;（2）矿物的带电表面与金属离子通过静电作用形成双电层,生成外层络合物;（3）金属离子与矿物结构中的Mn、Fe离子同晶置换而成为结构阳离子。 相似文献
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In Zakynthos Island (Greece), authigenic cementation of marine sediment has formed pipe-like, disc and doughnut-shaped concretions. The concretions are mostly composed of authigenic ferroan dolomite accompanied by pyrite. Samples with >80% dolomite, have stable isotope compositions in two groups. The more indurated concretions have δ18O around +4‰ and δ13C values between −8 and −29‰ indicating dolomite forming from anaerobic oxidation of thermogenic methane (hydrocarbon seep), in the sulphate-methane transition zone. The outer surfaces of some concretions, and the less-cemented concretions, typically have slightly heavier isotopic compositions and may indicate that concretion growth progressed from the outer margin in the ambient microbially-modified marine pore fluids, inward toward the central conduit where the isotopic compositions were more heavily influenced by the seep fluid. Sr isotope data suggest the concretions are fossil features, possibly of Pliocene age and represent an exhumed hydrocarbon seep plumbing system. Exposure on the modern seabed in the shallow subtidal zone has caused confusion, as concretion morphology resembles archaeological stonework of the Hellenic period. 相似文献
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Si-Fe-Mn-oxyhydroxides dredged at the PACMANUS(Papua New Guinea–Australia–Canada–Manus)hydrothermal field, Eastern Manus Basin, have 87Sr/86Sr=0.708 079–0.708 581; εNd=5.149 833–6.534 826;208Pb/204Pb=38.245–38.440; 207Pb/204Pb=15.503–15.560; 206Pb/204Pb=18.682–18.783. 87Sr/86 Sr isotope ratios are relatively homogeneous and close to the value of the surrounding seawater(0.709 16). The content of Sr in the samples contributed by seawater was estimated to be 76.7%–83.1% of total amount. The mixing temperature of hydrothermal fluids and seawater were ranging from 53.2°C to 72.2°C and the hydrothermal activities were unstable when the samples precipitated. The εNd values of all the samples are positive, which differ from the values of ferromanganese nodules(crusts) with hydrogenic origin. Nd was mainly derived from substrate rocks leached by hydrothermal circulation and preserved the hydrothermal signature. Pb isotopic compositions of most samples show minor variability except Sample #9–2 that has relatively high values of Pb isotopes. The Pb may be derived from the Eastern Manus Basin rocks leached by the hydrothermal fluid. The slightly lower 208Pb/204 Pb and207Pb/204 Pb values of the samples indicated that the hydrothermal circulation in PACMANUS was not entire and sufficient, or that hydrothermal circulation had transient changes in the past. Si-Fe-Mn-oxyhydroxides in the samples preserved the heterogeneities of local rocks. 相似文献
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桑沟湾及附近海域表层沉积物碳氮同位素分析及有机质来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Naturally existing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes are important in the study of sedimentary organic matter sources. To identify the sources of sedimentary organic matter in Sanggou Bay and its adjacent areas, which is characterized by high-density shellfish and seaweed aquaculture, the grain size, organic carbon(OC), total nitrogen(TN), carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition(δ13C and δ15N) of organic matter in the surface sediment were determined. The results showed that, in August, sedimentary OC and TN ranged from 0.17% to 0.76% and 0.04% to 0.14%, respectively. In November, OC and TN ranged from 0.23% to 0.87% and 0.05% to 0.14%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between OC and TN(R=0.98, P0.0001), indicating that OC and TN were homologous. In August, the δ13C and δ15N of organic matter varied from-23.06‰ to-21.59‰ and 5.10‰ to 6.31‰, respectively. In November, δ13C and δ15N ranged from-22.87‰ to-21.34‰ and 5.13‰ to 7.31‰, respectively. This study found that the major sources of sedimentary organic matter were marine shellfish biodeposition, seaweed farming, and soil organic matter. Using a three-end-member mixed model, we estimated that the dominant source of sedimentary organic matter was shellfish biodeposition, with an average contribution rate of 65.53% in August and 43.00% in November. Thus, shellfish farming had a significant influence on the coastal carbon cycle. 相似文献
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利用稳定同位素技术;分析了2015年5月在红海湾海域采集的远海梭子蟹Portunus pelagicus及其潜在食物的碳（δ13C）和氮（δ15N）稳定同位素比值;通过稳定同位素混合模型（SIAR）;估算不同食物对远海梭子蟹食性的相对贡献。结果表明:远海梭子蟹的δ13C值在-18.1‰~-14.1‰之间;δ15N值的范围为9.8‰~13.8‰;平均值分别为-16.9‰±1.3‰和12.1‰±2.3‰。δ13C和δ15N值的变化范围均较大;表明远海梭子蟹食物来源广泛、多样。远海梭子蟹的食物主要由双壳贝类、螺类、鱼类、头足类、虾类、蟹类和藻类组成。SIAR模型计算结果显示:藻类为远海梭子蟹的主要食物;其平均贡献为32.5%;双壳贝类的相对食性贡献为21.9%;虾类、螺类、鱼类和蟹类的平均贡献差异较小;分别为9.7%、9.7%、9.6%和9.3%;头足类的贡献最低;仅为7.3%。此外;根据δ15N值及营养位置的计算公式得出:远海梭子蟹在红海湾海域位于2.91±0.68营养级。远海梭子蟹的7类潜在食物中;藻类的营养位置最低;为1.21±0.58;其次为双壳贝类;为2.00±0.25;蟹类、螺类、虾类和鱼类的营养位置分别为2.85±0.33、2.87±0.26、3.01±0.16和3.08±0.18;头足类的最高;为3.41±0.17。 相似文献
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南海铁锰结核(壳)的地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了南海中部铁锰结核(壳)的地球化学特征。南海铁锰结核(壳)以高Mn富Ni为特征。但不同沉积部位的铁锰结核(壳),化学成分也有一定的差异,这是受不同沉积区的物源特性,地化环境差异和沉积成矿过程中环境的变化所影响的结果。 相似文献
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Susana Bolhão Muiños James R. Hein Martin Frank José Hipólito Monteiro Luís Gaspar Tracey Conrad 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1):40-70
Eighteen deep-sea ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) from 10 seamounts in the northeast Atlantic were studied. Samples were recovered from water depths of ～1,200 to ～4,600 m from seamounts near Madeira, the Canary and Azores islands, and one sample from the western Mediterranean Sea. The mineralogical and chemical compositions of the samples indicate that the crusts are typical continental margin, hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts. The Fe-Mn crusts exhibit a Co + Cu + Ni maximum of 0.96 wt%. Platinum-group element contents analyzed for five samples showed Pt contents from 153 to 512 ppb. The resource potential of Fe-Mn crusts within and adjacent to the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is evaluated to be comparable to that of crusts in the central Pacific, indicating that these Atlantic deposits may be an important future resource. 相似文献
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Catherine Pierre Germain Bayon Marie-Madeleine Blanc-Valleron Jean Mascle Stéphanie Dupré 《Geo-Marine Letters》2014,34(2-3):253-267
On the passive margin of the Nile deep-sea fan, the active Cheops mud volcano (MV; ca. 1,500 m diameter, ~20–30 m above seafloor, 3,010–3,020 m water depth) comprises a crater lake with hot (up to ca. 42 °C) methane-rich muddy brines in places overflowing down the MV flanks. During the Medeco2 cruise in fall 2007, ROV dives enabled detailed sampling of the brine fluid, bottom lake sediments at ca. 450 m lake depth, sub-surface sediments from the MV flanks, and carbonate crusts at the MV foot. Based on mineralogical, elemental and stable isotope analyses, this study aims at exploring the origin of the brine fluid and the key biogeochemical processes controlling the formation of these deep-sea authigenic carbonates. In addition to their patchy occurrence in crusts outcropping at the seafloor, authigenic carbonates occur as small concretions disseminated within sub-seafloor sediments, as well as in the bottom sediments and muddy brine of the crater lake. Aragonite and Mg-calcite dominate in the carbonate crusts and in sub-seafloor concretions at the MV foot, whereas Mg-calcite, dolomite and ankerite dominate in the muddy brine lake and in sub-seafloor concretions near the crater rim. The carbonate crusts and sub-seafloor concretions at the MV foot precipitated in isotopic equilibrium with bottom seawater temperature; their low δ13C values (–42.6 to –24.5‰) indicate that anaerobic oxidation of methane was the main driver of carbonate precipitation. By contrast, carbonates from the muddy lake brine, bottom lake concretions and crater rim concretions display much higher δ13C (up to –5.2‰) and low δ18O values (down to –2.8‰); this is consistent with their formation in warm fluids of deep origin characterized by 13C-rich CO2 and, as confirmed by independent evidence, slightly higher heavy rare earth element signatures, the main driver of carbonate precipitation being methanogenesis. Moreover, the benthic activity within the seafloor sediment enhances aerobic oxidation of methane and of sulphide that promotes carbonate dissolution and gypsum precipitation. These findings imply that the coupling of carbon and sulphur microbial reactions represents the major link for the transfer of elements and for carbon isotope fractionation between fluids and authigenic minerals. A new challenge awaiting future studies in cold seep environments is to expand this work to oxidized and reduced sulphur authigenic minerals. 相似文献
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为了分析雅浦海沟中底栖生物群落的食物来源和营养级，本研究分析了雅浦海沟真光层中浮游植物和浮游动物、海底沉积物和巨型底栖生物（海绵、海参、海蛇尾、海星、海葵和钩虾）中的碳、氮稳定同位素组成。研究发现雅浦海沟真光层中的浮游植物和浮游动物δ13C值[（-22.8±0.4）‰和（-21.8±0.8）‰]和δ15N值[（5.4±0.4）‰和（6.8±0.2）‰]与巨型底栖生物的δ13C值（-20.1‰~-16.8‰）和δ15N值（11.9‰~17.9‰）的差异超过了一个营养级，表明作为底栖生物的初始食物来源的浮游植物和浮游动物在向下输送的过程中经历了食物链传递和细菌的降解。巨型底栖生物的δ15N和δ13C值之间无显著的相关性，此外不同物种之间营养级也存在明显差异，表现为海绵的营养级相对较高（3.4~4.7），海参（3.3~3.6）、海蛇尾（3.4~3.5）和海星（3.2~3.7）的营养级较为接近，钩虾（2.9~3.3）和海葵（3.1）的营养级则相对略低，反映了底栖生物不同物种之间食物来源的多样化。 相似文献
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海洋沉积物不同相态中Sr、Nd同位素提取方法研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海洋沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物相和残渣态的Sr、Nd同位素组成能够敏感地指示洋流循环及物质来源,但实验室对沉积物中上述相态的Sr和Nd同位素的提取易产生过量或提取不完全,进而影响同位素测定结果的准确性,因此制定有效的提取流程显得非常重要。本文采用不同浓度盐酸羟胺(Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride,HH)与醋酸(Acetic Acid,HAc)混合溶液对中印度洋海盆深海沸石黏土、北极半深海沉积物以及安达曼海近海沉积物的Fe-Mn氧化物相进行提取,残渣态用HNO3-HF高压密闭消解法溶融,测定了各相态的主微量元素含量及Sr、Nd同位素组成,通过分析不同实验条件下得到的Fe-Mn氧化物相与残渣态的稀土元素(REE)配分模式、Al/Nd含量比值及Sr、Nd同位素组成,建立了3种不同成因类型海洋沉积物不同相态的化学提取方法。提取深海沸石黏土中Fe-Mn氧化物相的理想试剂条件为0.25 mol/L HH和15%HAc,北极半深海沉积物和安达曼海近海沉积物的试剂条件为0.5 mol/L HH和15%HAc。该方法可以准确获得沉积物中Fe-Mn氧化物相与残渣态的Sr、Nd同位素组成信息,为古海洋学的研究提供方法支持。 相似文献
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苏北浅滩钙结核的特征及其环境指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自苏北浅滩的钙结核样品进行了岩石学、矿物学和碳氧同位素的分析。样品富含石英和长石砂屑,碳酸钙胶结,其碳和氧同位素组成分别为-8.38‰~-8.19‰V-PDB及-5.23‰~-5.03‰V-PDB。根据样品的氧同位素组成,利用碳酸盐-水体系氧同位素方程,结合现今底层水温度,并考虑可能存在的温度变化,计算得到古沉淀流体的δ18 O水范围为-4.72‰~-4.52‰VSMOW,较正常海水偏负,认为钙结核的形成可能受到了淡水影响。根据结核中碎屑矿物的成分及其成熟度,判断其包含的碎屑矿物源自古黄河,认为这些结核样品可能形成于海陆交互环境,形成时间约为7~6.5ka BP左右,当时古海平面高度比现今低10m左右,古黄河河道可能位于苏北浅滩附近。 相似文献
20.
魁蚶（Anadara broughtonii）是我国北方重要的经济贝类,筏式养殖是其主要的生产方式。2014年5月至2015年1月,测定了不同季节灵山湾筏式养殖魁蚶及其3种潜在食物源（表层颗粒有机物SPOM、底层颗粒有机物BPOM和附着微藻AM）的碳氮稳定同位素（δ13C和δ15N）,结合胃含物分析研究了海区食物源结构的季节变化对魁蚶食物组成的影响。结果显示,魁蚶及其食物源的稳定同位素比值均存在明显的季节差异,魁蚶的δ13C值（-19.6‰~-19.2‰）介于SPOM （-23.3‰~-21.8‰）、BPOM （-22.1‰~-21.2‰）和AM（-17.0‰~-16.0‰）之间,δ15N值范围集中在8.7‰~9.9‰。冬季魁蚶的δ13C值最低,δ15N值则最富集。水体颗粒有机物（主要由浮游植物组成）是魁蚶的主要食物来源（60.0%~77.8%）,以夏季的饵料贡献率最高;海区再悬浮作用使BPOM的贡献率始终维持在较高水平（30.8%~47.1%）;而养殖网笼上的附着微藻也可为魁蚶提供约22.1%~40.0%的食物。研究揭示了筏式养殖魁蚶可以混合滤食颗粒有机物和附着微藻,附着微藻是其重要的食物补充。 相似文献