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1.
大西洋牙鲆幼鱼标准代谢的初步研究 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：21
测定了大西洋牙鲆幼鱼在禁食和静息状态下的呼吸耗氧率、氨氮排泄率和CO2排出率;研究了它们的呼吸商、氧氮比、能量代谢的特征和能源的化学本质。结果表明,大西洋牙鲆在水温10.8～21.5℃时,其耗氧率Q10=2.336,代谢率的体重系数b=0.832。白天能量代谢率为2.00J/(h·g),夜间能量代谢率为1.474J/(h·g),白天是夜间的1.357倍,最高值出现在09:00(上午),代谢率为2.525J/(h·g),最低值在03:00(夜间),代谢率为1.147J/(h·g)。在水温4～26℃时大西洋牙鲆平均呼吸耗氧率为0.123mg/(h·g);氨氮排泄率2.654μg/(h·g);CO2排出率0.135mg/(h·g);代谢率1.773J/(h·g);O∶N=38.8;呼吸商为0.791。大西洋牙鲆以蛋白质、脂肪和糖类3种营养物质的混合物为能源,随着温度的升高和个体的生长O∶N比值增加,即代谢底物中蛋白质用于氧化供能的比例相对减少,用于生长的比例增加。 相似文献
2.
采用封闭流水式实验方法,研究了氨氮、温度和体重对大口黑鲈(Micropterussalmoides)耗氧率、窒息点的影响。结果表明:在设定的总氨氮浓度0—8.61mg/L范围,随着氨氮浓度增加,大口黑鲈幼鱼耗氧率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,峰值为0.338mg/(g·h),窒息点随着氨氮浓度的增加而递增,影响显著(P0.05);在13—33°C的实验温度范围,随着温度升高,耗氧率先增加,在29°C时达到峰值0.392mg/(g·h),随后出现下降。在体重6.66—15.87g范围,耗氧率随着体重的增加而下降,最低值为0.112mg/(g·h);耗氧率存在明显的昼夜节律变化,夜均0.214mg/(g·h)日均0.199mg/(g·h),二者差异显著(P0.05),并在2:00—6:00和18:00—20:00时间段出现两个峰值。 相似文献
3.
为研究南美洲鳗鲡(Anguillarostrata)的耗氧率及其对水温、低溶氧、非离子氨和亚硝酸盐耐受性,本研究采用自制的鱼类呼吸装置测定其耗氧率和窒息点,以黑仔鳗为试验材料,探索其对水温、非离子氨、亚硝酸盐耐受性。结果表明,南美洲鳗鲡耗氧率存在昼夜变化,其昼间耗氧率为(86.46±37.77)mg/(kgh),夜间耗氧率为(123.58±22.56)mg/(kgh),二者存在显著性差异(P0.05);在15—30°C范围内,耗氧率随温度升高逐渐增大,耗氧率和水温的回归方程y=–0.1316x2+9.4507x–13.712(R2=0.9993);南美洲鳗鲡的耗氧率随体质量增大而降低,耗氧量随体质量增加而增大,耗氧量和体重的回归方程为y=0.2321x0.8334(R2=0.9979);在水温25°C时其窒息点随鱼体质量的增大而降低,均重10g、40g和160g的鳗鲡窒息点溶解氧浓度分别为(0.98±0.25)、(0.46±0.06)和(0.32±0.02)mg/L;13—29°C为南美洲鳗鲡的适温范围,25—29°C为其生长适宜水温,在一定范围内的短时低水温或高水温环境对其损伤是可逆的;水中非离子氨对南美洲鳗鲡的LC50和SC分别为12.22mg/L和1.22mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮对南美洲鳗鲡的LC50和SC分别为61.68mg/L和6.17mg/L。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(9)
采用密闭流水式呼吸实验方法,研究了不同体重组((50.94±5.50)g、(103.61±10.48)g、(154.58±7.56)g、(194.56±14.56)g)斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)在3个不同温度(20、25和30℃)下的耗氧率和排氨率,以及斑石鲷耗氧率、排氨率的昼夜节律变化。研究表明,3个温度条件下斑石鲷耗氧率和排氨率随温度的升高而升高,随体重的增大而降低,斑石鲷白天平均耗氧率为(2.535±0.204)μg·(g·min)~(-1),夜间平均耗氧率为(2.531±0.064)μg·(g·min)~(-1),其耗氧率的昼夜差异不明显。白天平均排氨率为(0.104±0.007)μg·(g·min)~(-1),夜间平均排氨率为(0.083±0.007)μg·(g·min)~(-1),白天平均排氨率明显大于夜间。投喂饲料后斑石鲷耗氧率最高点出现在投喂饲料后1~3h,最低点出现在投喂饲料后19~23h,耗氧率呈逐渐降低的趋势,排氨率呈先升高后降低的趋势,温度升高使斑石鲷排氨率达到峰值的时间提前。 相似文献
5.
温度对墨西哥湾扇贝耗氧率及排泄率的影响 总被引：63，自引：2，他引：61
于1996年12月至1997年1月在实验室内研究了温度对墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus)的耗氧率和排泄(NH4-N)率的影响,实验在投饵后6h,静水(盐度32)条件下进行,溶氧量和氨氮量分别采用Winkler滴定法和次溴酸盐氧化法测定.实验结果表明,在实验温度(10～31℃)条件下,不同规格(壳高1.6～4.8cm,软体部干重0.0342～0.6908g)的墨西哥湾扇贝耗氧率的总平均值为2.35mg/(g·h).排泄率总平均值为350.89μg/(g·h).墨西哥湾扇见的耗氧量和排氧量都与扇贝体重呈明显的幂函数关系.在10～28℃范围内,不同规格的扇贝耗氧率都随温度的升高而增加;当水温继续升高到31℃时,耗氧率反而下降.在实验温度(10～31℃)条件下,扇贝的排泄率随着温度的升高而增加,温度对墨西哥湾扇贝的耗氧率和排泄率的影响都可用指数方程表示.本实验证实,高温(31℃)将进一步提高墨西哥湾扇贝蛋白质的代谢水平.耗氧量(O)和排氨量(N)与温度(t)、扇贝软体部干重(W)二元线性回归方程分别为:O=-587.804+36.787t+1697.864W;N=-92.344 9+4.534 1t+276.781 8W.复相关系数r分别为0.880 6和0.8035 ; F检验表明,两个回归方程均极显著(F>F0.01). 相似文献
6.
盐度对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)呼吸和排泄的影响 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
采用封闭式呼吸器法研究了(15±0.5)℃水温条件下不同盐度(22、27、31.5、36)对四种规格刺参{S[(39.60±8.77)g]、M[(71.80±14.04)g]、L[(128.30±19.69)g]和XL[(196.65±19.81)g]}呼吸和排泄的影响。结果表明,各规格组刺参单位体重耗氧率[Rwr,μg/(g·h)]和排氨率[(Rwe,μg/(g·h)]在盐度22—31.5范围内均随着盐度的升高而降低,当盐度升高至36时,二者都明显升高;各盐度下实验刺参的单位体重耗氧率分别为17.52、16.32、15.49和17.60μg/(g·h),单位体重排氨率分别为1.05、0.88、0.87和0.95μg/(g·h);在同一盐度下,刺参体重越大,其单位个体耗氧率[Rir,μg/(ind·h)]和排氨率[Rie,μg/(ind·h)]越高,二者呈幂函数关系,可用关系式Rir(或Rie)=aWb表示;关系式Rir=aWb中,a值的变动范围为40.6656—81.1900,b值为0.6432—0.8145;而关系式Rie=aWb中,a值的变动范围为2.0947—4.8489,b值为0.6507—0.8072;盐度对刺参O∶N比的影响不显著,各盐度条件下,不同规格的刺参,其O∶N比均在15左右,表明本实验条件下该参代谢所需要的能量主要由脂肪和碳水化合物提供。从呼吸和排泄的角度来看,刺参在其最适温度(15℃)条件下,具有一定的渗透压调节能力,能够适应较广的盐度变化范围(22—36)。 相似文献
7.
5种海水养殖鱼类幼鱼的耗氧率及窒息点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为鱼类苗种运输和养殖过程中溶解氧的科学调控提供理论依据,采用密闭式呼吸实验法探究了20、25和30 ℃水温下豹纹鳃棘鲈Plectropomus leopardus、驼背鲈Cromileptes altivelis、棕点石斑鱼Epinephelus fuscoguttatus、赤点石斑鱼Epinephelus akaara和珍珠龙胆石斑鱼5种海水养殖鱼类幼鱼(体重范围为53.6～84.5 g)的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明:在盐度为30的条件下,5种海水养殖鱼类幼鱼的耗氧率和窒息点均随水温的升高而升高。同水温下的耗氧率,豹纹鳃棘鲈为最高, 20、25和30 ℃水温下分别为0.15、0.21和0.31 mg/(g·h);珍珠龙胆石斑鱼为最低,20、25和30 ℃水温下分别为0.08、0.15和0.16 mg/(g·h)。同水温下窒息点,驼背鲈为最高, 20、25和30 ℃水温下分别为1.00、1.12和1.21 mg/L ;珍珠龙胆石斑鱼为最低, 20、25和30 ℃水温下分别为0.19、0.24和0.25 mg/L。 相似文献
8.
采用室内实验生态学方法对企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。旨在为企鹅珍珠贝养殖容量(carrying capacity for aquaculture)的调查及育珠生理的研究提供参考,并可为海洋生态系统动力学和贝类能量学研究提供科学依据。研究结果表明,在实验温度(13~33℃)范围内,企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率(OR)和排氨率(NR)与体重(W)都呈负相关,可分别表示为Y1=a1W-b1和Y2=a2W-b2,其中,a1的取值范围是1.330~4.128,b1的取值范围是0.453~0.651,a2的取值范围是0.150~0.354,b2的取值范围是0.446~0.634。在实验室温度(13~33℃)条件下,企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率为0.329~7.303 mg/(g·h),排氨率为0.035~0.489 mg/(g·h),其中耗氧率在28℃时达到最高值,33℃时开始下降,而排氨率则呈持续升高趋势。企鹅珍珠贝呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.210~2.494和1.193~2.483。在23~28℃温度范围内,不同规格企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值(原子数O/N)较高。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。企鹅珍珠贝的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高32.1%和76.7%。 相似文献
9.
为了研究温度对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)能量收支的影响, 作者采用室内静水法, 分析了不同养殖水体温度条件下方斑东风螺幼螺的摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率、排氨率、黏液排泄率的变化规律。结果表明, 方斑东风螺摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率和排氨率均随温度升高呈现先上升后下降趋势。其中各温度处理组摄食率差异显著(P < 0.05), 在23 ℃时最低为2.548±0.093 mg/(g/h), 29 ℃时最高为4.958±0.150 mg/(g/h); 排粪率为1.695±0.037~2.892±0.074 mg/(g/h), 在29℃时达到最高; 耗氧率在29 ℃时最高为0.437±0.054 mg/(g/h), 23 ℃时最低为0.202±0.027 mg/(g/h); 在本实验条件下, 方斑东风螺排氨率为0.009±0.001~0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h), 各温度处理组间均有显著差异(P < 0.05), 且在29 ℃时最高为0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h)。黏液排泄率在23 ℃时最高为0.030±0.001 mg/(g/h), 显著高于其他各温度组(P < 0.05)。基于不同温度下能量收支方程, 得出26 ℃下方斑东风螺生长余能最多, 占摄入总能量的37.855%, 其次是29 ℃、32 ℃和23 ℃, 分别为37.850%、32.098%和30.438%。 相似文献
10.
《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(3)
为了明确赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)苗种运输环节或池塘养殖过程中所需溶解氧含量,提高苗种成活率,本文研究了不同温度条件(16℃和25℃)对赤点石斑鱼苗种(体长:6.168～8.762 cm,体重:7.82～16.77 g)耗氧率和窒息点的影响。结果表明:海水盐度为26.2的条件下,苗种浮头点、昏迷点、窒息点的发生与温度没有直接关系,却与溶解氧含量直接相关。赤点石斑鱼苗种在16℃与25℃时,窒息点分别为0.79 mg/L与0.73 mg/L。在相同呼吸生理时段赤点石斑鱼苗种的耗氧率随温度的升高而增加,16℃时,实验开始至浮头点(a段:Ip—Ap)、浮头点至昏迷临界点(b段:Ap—CCp)、昏迷临界点至昏迷点(c段:CCp—Cp)、昏迷点至窒息临界点(d段:Cp—SCp)、窒息临界点至窒息点(e段:SCp—Sp)、窒息点至死亡点(f段:Sp—Ep)时段的耗氧率分别为1.7641 mg/L、0.3087 mg/L、0.2312 mg/L、0.1372 mg/L、0.0464 mg/L、0.3625 mg/L,25℃时对应时段耗氧率分别为3.8564 mg/L、2.6004 mg/L、2.0500 mg/L、1.9600 mg/L、0.7750 mg/L、0.6056 mg/L。赤点石斑鱼苗种的耗氧率随溶解氧含量的降低而降低,其呼吸型为顺应型。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献