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1.
港珠澳大桥地处伶仃洋的湾口水域,东、西人工岛分别位于伶仃洋大濠深槽两侧。人工岛水域水深流急,潮流正面冲击人工岛,易造成人工岛海域水下地形发生大的变化与调整,最终形成以人工岛为中心的局部滩槽新格局。在大桥工程设计阶段,采用伶仃洋二维潮流泥沙数学模型,对人工岛建设后的伶仃洋水沙环境和水下地形冲淤进行了模拟计算。模型预测结果表明,人工岛对伶仃洋水域的水沙环境影响集中在人工岛上、下游各5 km水域内,人工岛呈冲刷趋势,岛体上下游形成以岛为中心的梭状淤积体。人工岛建设10年前后的水下地形冲淤变化结果表明,人工岛建设引起的海床冲淤变化趋势与数学模型预测结果基本一致,此为当初采用的数学模型预测效果提供了良好的佐证。 相似文献
2.
基于历史海图、历史时期卫星遥感影像、2019年实测水下地形和潮流、波浪数值模拟成果,研究该海域岸滩的发育演变背景、海床和岸线自然冲淤动态、动力泥沙环境及岸滩冲淤动力机制。采用LITLINE岸线演变数学模型,模拟计算了不同离岸距离和不同平面形态人工岛布置型式对近岸岸线变形的影响,岸滩泥沙动力机制和岸滩演变趋势表明,人工岛实施后近岸最大潮流流速小于近岸泥沙起动流速,不具备起动近岸岸滩泥沙的基本条件; SSE向波浪作用时,人工岛西北侧波高明显减弱,波向西偏; S向波浪作用时,人工岛北侧波高明显减弱; SSW向波浪作用时,人工岛东北侧波高明显减弱,波浪传播方向东偏;波浪场改变后人工岛掩护区东西两侧岸滩附近泥沙分别具有向东和向西运移至人工岛掩护区的趋势,形成掩护区的淤积和东西两侧岸线冲刷。 相似文献
3.
首次提出了采用充水式橡胶坝导流堤对码头后方进行清淤减载的工程方案,并结合实际工程构建了码头后方三维流场数学模型,研究了垂直导流堤、下挑式导流堤、上挑式导流堤、离岸短堤、正八字型导流堤和倒八字型导流堤6种不同拓扑构型的橡胶坝导流堤对码头后方流场的影响,探讨了码头后方瞬时涡量、三维流线拓扑、时均流速及雷诺应力分布随不同型式导流堤的变化规律。研究结果表明,当布置橡胶坝导流堤后,码头后方流场流速会明显增大,其中垂直导流堤和上挑式导流堤挑流效果最为显著。 相似文献
4.
5.
长江口横沙东滩外侧建设人工岛的自然条件分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2001-2008年的海图资料和2011-2012年枯季现场水文调查数据,分析长江口横沙东滩外侧海域的河势、水动力条件及泥沙含量的潮周期过程,讨论在此建设人工岛的自然条件。结果表明,横沙东滩外侧海域,2001-2008年间冲淤有变化,由滩向海的断面显示上部淤积,下部侵蚀,冲淤转换面在-7~-10m之间,-10~-20m海域整体呈现微冲趋势,但侵蚀速率减缓,河势趋于稳定。横沙东滩受北槽深水航道北导堤影响,向东南方向淤进。定点船测潮流表现出旋转流性质,枯季大潮最大流速不超过188cm/s,小潮最大流速小于134cm/s;北港口外的定点余流显示向口内输运,北槽口外则是向海输运。两测站数据显示枯季大小潮垂线平均含沙量处于0.061~0.116kg/m3之间,水体泥沙含量整体处在较低水平。从自然条件上来说,不考虑风浪影响情况,研究区域内河势渐趋稳定,水深条件良好,水动力条件适宜,水体含沙量较低,在该区域内建设人工岛具有可行性。 相似文献
6.
珠江河口磨刀门水道枯季盐水入侵特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨磨刀门水道潮流和盐度的三维分布特性,本文建立了磨刀门水道的三维潮流和盐度数值模型,采用2009年枯季磨刀门水道实测潮流和盐度资料对模型参数进行率定和验证。结果显示,枯季由于上游径流量小,磨刀门水道总体涨、落潮流速都不大,表层总体涨潮平均流速都在0.5 m/s以内,总体落潮平均流速在0.8 m/s以内;底层总体涨落潮平均流速都在0.5 m/s以内;从盐度的平面分布来看,磨刀门水道近口门河段总体呈现涨潮时水道东侧盐度高于西侧,落潮时东侧盐度小于西侧的趋势。大潮和中潮期间,落潮时盐水向上游的入侵距离反而较涨潮时更远,主要原因是,落潮时的底层盐水向上游的补偿流动以及地形阻拦形成更为强烈的紊动扩散。潮汐动力弱(小潮)时,整个水道内水流流速很小,流态平缓,紊动较弱,总体仍呈现涨潮时入侵距离大于落潮,显示枯季磨刀门水道盐水入侵的主要影响因素取决于地形和潮动力。 相似文献
7.
为论证疏港公路对台州湾水域的影响,收集并分析了台州湾及附近海域水文、水下地形等资料,针对台州湾潮流运动特性,建立了大范围平面二维潮流数学模型。利用实测资料从潮位过程、流速流向等方面对数学模型进行了验证计算,模拟台州湾的潮流运动特征。若采用全实堤结构形式,疏港公路建成后,沿公路两侧局部范围的潮动力主要表现为减小,其中南侧减小显著。头门岛南侧原规划港区范围的潮动力减幅均超过5%,其中规划内港池处在潮动力减小20%以上的区域内,潮动力减小10%的等值线在南山岛附近水域。白沙东南侧水域的潮动力仍有微幅增加。位于疏港公路北侧的北洋涂以东附近水域,潮动力明显减小,减幅为5%的等值线在北洋涂围堤4 km以东。头门岛与东矶岛、田岙岛、石坦岛之间的潮汐通道内潮动力有不同程度的增强,增强幅度在2%以上;大竹山北侧水域潮动力增强幅度大于5%的水域面积近22 km2。采用疏港公路开口方案,疏港公路建成后,沿疏港公路的潮动力变化稍大,其它海域潮动力变化强度小。北洋涂东侧海域的潮动力明显减弱,减弱幅度大于5%的区域限于离围垦堤东2 km范围内;以大竹山东北角点为中心,方位角约350°方向,有一带状潮动力减小区,其中减小2%的带宽约1.5 km,减小5%的带状位置离大竹山最远约2.2 km,该流速减小区位于开口区涨潮流的东侧,有淤积趋势;从大竹山到头门岛段疏港公路的北侧,潮动力减小区总体呈"半哑铃"状,其中减小5%的等值线离公路或岛岸窄处仅300 m、宽处也只有700 m左右,该潮动力减小区均为浅水区;头门岛东侧水域和东北侧潮汐通道内的潮动力微幅增加;小竹山附近的潮动力也稍有增加。总体而言,方案没有引起头门岛北侧水域不利于开发建港的潮动力变化。通过对不同疏港公路方案和规划港区方案实施引起的工程海域流场变化和潮动力的分析论证得出,疏港公路全实堤形式会引起规划港区水域的潮流速较大幅度地减弱,在此基础上港区按规划方案建成后,港池和航道均有较严重淤积。疏港公路麂晴山至大竹山段开口2 km、大竹山至头门岛实堤方案有利于保护性开发头门岛港口资源。研究表明,从潮流泥沙角度而言,头门岛北侧水域也具备建港条件。 相似文献
8.
长江口枯季水沙特性分析——以2003年为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2003年2月长江口大面积水沙同步观测资料的分析结果,长江口枯季水沙特性:a)垂线平均流速特性:时间上大潮＞小潮,落潮＞涨潮;纵向上由徐六泾向口门呈"先减小后增大再减少"的变化;断面上北支＞南支,南港＞北港,南槽最小.大潮徐六泾垂线平均流速为102cm/s,浑浊带水域北港最大,为128cm/s;口门水域南槽口外最大,为100cm/s.小潮徐六泾为78cm/s;浑浊带水域北槽最大,为83cm/s;口门水域北港口外最小,为36cm/s.b)垂线平均含沙量特性:时间上大潮＞小潮,涨潮＞落潮;纵向上由徐六泾向口门呈"先增大后减小"的变化;断面上北支＞南支,大潮北港＞南港,小潮南港＞北港,北槽较高,北港大潮较高,小潮最低.大潮徐六泾垂线平均含沙量为0.09kg/m3;浑浊带水域北港最高,为1.14kg/m3;口门水域南槽最高,为0.81kg/m3.小潮时徐六泾为0.06kg/m3,浑浊带水域北槽最高,为0.99kg/m3,口门水域北港最低,为0.09kg/m3.c)无论大小潮,水沙净通量均为北槽＞北港＞南槽.d)0.4H流速和含沙量能近似表示其对应的垂线平均值.南北槽大、小潮的水动力和含沙量分布均匀,变化较小,北港变化较大.e)流速和含沙量梯度表明,紊动强度大潮＞小潮,落潮＞涨潮,水体垂向混合的强度大潮＞小潮,涨、落潮的水体垂向混合的强度差别较小. 相似文献
9.
基于FVCOM的獐子岛附近海域三维潮汐潮流数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于采用不规则三角网格的海洋模型FVCOM(An Unstructured Grid, Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model), 对獐子岛附近海域的潮汐、潮流进行了精细化数值模拟研究, 模拟的潮汐、潮流与实测值符合良好, 表明建立的该海域精细化潮汐潮流数值模型合理可靠。依据计算结果绘制了M2、S2、K1和O1分潮的同潮图和潮流椭圆图, 并对该海域潮汐潮流特征进行了系统分析。结果表明, 獐子岛附近海域的潮汐主要以规则半日潮为主, 水平潮流多为旋转流, 旋转方向大部分为逆时针; 近岸海区和水道之间多为往复流, 在大鹿岛以南海域也存在一往复流的区域。在123.75°E以东存在一顺时针旋转的区域。由潮余流场的特点可看出, 獐子岛等各岛屿周围均形成气旋式的绕岛流, 流速一般位于8—12cm/s之间, 离岸线较远的外海区域余流较小, 只有1—2cm/s。本文所得结论, 有助于增加对整个獐子岛海域潮汐潮流特性的全面认识。 相似文献
10.
采用“σ坐标下的三维数值模式”来模拟杭州湾三维潮波运动,水平方向上以较小尺度的差分网格覆盖计算区,垂直方向上给予均匀的分层,对占本湾水位谱总能量80％的半日潮波M_2和半日潮波m_1((K_1+O_1)/2)两类进行了数值模拟。水平流动和潮位的计算结果与相应的实测值拟合良好。计算表明,水平潮流具有明显的往复流性质,主要呈东-西方向;流速自湾口向湾顶增加,M_2分潮流最大可达270cm/s左右,m_1分潮流最大可达24cm/s左右。在太阴时1和13时,于湾的中部偏南存在一个弱的逆时针向的大涡旋;在7和19时于上述位置存在一个弱的顺时针向的大涡旋。垂直流速振幅一般为10~(-2)—2×10~(-2)cm/s,最大可达2.5×10~(-2)cm/s,位于乍浦附近的底层水域中。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。 相似文献
15.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。 相似文献
16.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
17.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
18.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared. 相似文献
19.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献