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文章利用H-P滤波法分析了山东省海参养殖资源的开发历程,并建立多变量灰色模型MGM(1,n)预测了山东省"十三五期间"的海参养殖产量。预测结果表明,山东省的海参养殖业在"十三五"期间将整体转向生产萎缩阶段,全省海参养殖业发展面临严峻挑战。为了确保山东省海参养殖业的持续高效发展,未来实践中应切实保障海参养殖空间,科学规划海参养殖空间布局,提升海参养殖科技支撑能力,推广生态健康型海参养殖模式,加强海参养殖技能培训和技术推广,同时做大做强海参消费市场,加强海参养殖业行政执法能力建设,并建立健全海参养殖业保险机制。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(1)
利用扫描电子显微镜观察中国西沙群岛的玉足海参(Holothuria leucospilota)、虎纹海参(Holothuria pervicax)、黑赤星海参(Holathuria cinerascens)、黄疣海参(Holathuria hilla)、格皮氏海参(Pearsonothuria graeffei)、糙刺参(Stichopus horrens)6种海参的背脊中部和腹部的骨片,获得了6种海参骨片的超显微结构图像。研究发现,6种海参的骨片分为桌形体、扣状体、穿孔板、杆状体、C形体、花纹样体、颗粒体7种类型。研究发现了新的海参骨片:玉足海参的穿孔板;虎纹海参的具横梁桌形体;黑赤星海参的II型桌形体;黄疣海参的II型扣状体;格皮氏海参的饼干形穿孔板和II型花纹样体;糙刺参中部具扇形突起的杆状体和I型花纹样体。本研究进一步丰富了我国海参骨片形态学研究的资料。 相似文献
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海参是一种家喻户晓的海珍品,营养价值非常丰富。随着人们生活水平的提高,需求量越来越大。目前仅靠从海里捕捞的海参已远不能满足人们生活的需要。为了开发海参资源,寻找海参养殖新途径,一九八五年国家海洋局资助开展人工池养海参的研究。自古以来,海参都是在大海里的岩礁中自然繁殖。为了保护和开发海参资源,近几年开展了人工放流增养殖和筑人工礁的办法进行增殖,都收到了较好的效果。我国滩涂面积广阔,如果利用滩涂建池养殖海参获得成功,将对解决海参资源紧缺和创造海水养殖高效益做出重要贡献,为此我所乔聚海同志根据海参摄取底质有机质的特性,科学设 相似文献
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刺参人工池塘养殖现状及展望 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
刺参（Apostichopus japonicus（Selenlca））是千余种海参中的一种,可食用的海参约40种．中国海常见的食用海参约10余种。其中以刺参的品质最佳,为海参之冠。自古以来,人们把海参称为“海产八珍”之一。我国人民最爱吃海参,认为海参具有极高的营养价值,其有益于人们健康的皂甙海参毒素和粘多糖等成分,对人体生长发育、预防组织细胞老化、延缓衰老、防止动脉硬化、补肾壮阳皆有一定的功能,同时对治疗肿瘤和抑制肿瘤扩散都具有显著药用疗效。 相似文献
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十五种海参骨片的形态学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自国内外的15种海参干品骨片进行形态学观察,比较了各海参骨片类型及各类骨片的相对比例,结果发现15种海参的骨片类型包括桌形体、扣形体、杆状体、穿孔板、C形体和花纹样体6种,不同海参骨片种类及相对比例和同型骨片特征均存在明显差异,据此可将15种海参完全分开.本研究获得的结果有助于准确而快速地识别这些具有重要经济价值的海参. 相似文献
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分析海参低聚肽和海参粉的基本营养成分,研究并比较了海参低聚肽和海参粉对氢化可的松致肾阳虚小鼠的作用。小鼠随机分为空白、阴性、阳性对照组(丙酸睾酮,5mg/kg)、海参低聚肽组(0.5g/kg)和海参粉组(0.5g/kg)。连续灌胃24 d后测定小鼠的体温、体重、自主活动次数和低温游泳时间,以及胸腺、脾脏指数和肾上腺、包皮、精囊、睾丸的指数以及精子浓度。结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,海参粉显著增加肾阳虚小鼠的自由活动次数、低温游泳时间、睾丸指数和精子浓度,具有一定抗疲劳和补肾壮阳作用;海参低聚肽显著增加肾阳虚小鼠的体温、体重、自由活动次数和低温游泳时间,还能显著增加睾丸指数、精囊指数和精子浓度,使其接近阳性对照组和空白对照组的水平,具有显著的抗疲劳和补肾壮阳作用,且海参低聚肽的效果明显好于海参粉。 相似文献
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利用扫描电子显微镜对我国6种热带海参(蛇目白尼参、玉足海参、花刺参、梅花参、子安辐肛参和巨梅花参)背脊部骨片的组成和结构进行了观察。结果表明,蛇目白尼参骨片有3种类型的花纹样体和1种杆状体;玉足海参骨片有2种类型的桌形体和1种扣形体;花刺参骨片有2种类型的桌形体、1种C形体和1种花纹样体;梅花参骨片有4种类型的杆状体;子安辐肛参骨片有1种花纹样体;巨梅花参骨片有1种杆状体、1种拟桌形体和1种颗粒体。结果显示,与之前学者光镜下观察的结果存在差异,玉足海参桌形体底盘中央是单孔而非4孔;花刺参桌形体立柱之间没有横梁连接。并发现了新的骨片类型:蛇目白尼参Ⅲ型花纹样体和杆状体;玉足海参顶部周缘小孔桌形体;花刺参顶部5簇小齿桌形体;梅花参Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型杆状体。 相似文献
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Population biology and recruitment of a vulnerable sea cucumber,Stichopus herrmanni,on a protected reef 
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下载免费PDF全文 Populations of tropical sea cucumbers, harvested for bêche‐de‐mer, are in a perilous state of conservation, yet there remains a paucity of information on the biology of many harvested species. We examined the population biology of the commercially important curryfish, Stichopus herrmanni, across 2 years on Heron Reef, a protected zone in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park. Stichopus herrmanni, a species recently listed as vulnerable to extinction, is a major target species for the fishery operating in the GBR. The size class distribution and density of S. herrmanni were documented for six sites across Heron Reef. There was distinct spatial variation in the size and density of S. herrmanni across sites, with no significant difference between the 2 years. The smallest individuals found were 10 cm long, some of the only juvenile S. herrmanni documented in nature. Juvenile and sub‐adult populations were found along the leeward reef edge of Heron Reef, a habitat characterized by shallow channels of sand between inter‐tidal coral reef and crustose coralline algae (CCA). Juvenile nurseries of sea cucumbers are rarely observed in nature, making this an important observation for understanding the recruitment and population biology of S. herrmanni. The presence of juveniles in the consolidated CCA habitat each year in autumn following the summer spawning period, and the absence of small individuals several months later in spring, suggests an ontogenetic migration or displacement of these individuals to adult habitat. The distribution of larger S. herrmanni suggests intra‐reef connectivity and migration into deeper lagoon areas. This study contributes to understanding the population dynamics of this vulnerable species, a consideration for fisheries management in light of increasing global harvest. 相似文献
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三亚蜈支洲岛珊瑚礁-沙质底复合区棘皮动物群落结构 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文以海南省三亚市蜈支洲岛典型珊瑚礁区为研究区域,于2018年8月和11月、2019年1月和4月采用样带法调查浅水区和深水区棘皮动物群落多样性,研究不同季节和深度对棘皮动物群落结构特征的影响,并依此指示珊瑚礁生态系统健康状况和受干扰程度。结果显示,共发现15种棘皮动物,其中优势种有8种,分别为黑海参Holothuriaatra、红腹海参Holothuriaedulis、黄疣海参Holothuria hilla、绿刺参Stichopus chloronotus、刺冠海胆Diadema setosum、许氏大羽花Comanthina schlegeli、本氏海齿花Comanthus bennetti和吕宋棘海星Echiaster luzohicus。春季棘皮动物种类最多,棘皮动物栖息密度呈现出春夏高、秋冬低的规律。不同水深区域棘皮动物种类组成大致相同,深水区棘皮动物栖息密度高于浅水区,但差异不显著。全年棘皮动物物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为1.2±0.10、2.5±0.12和0.66±0.040。对比研究表明,蜈支洲岛海域棘皮动物种类远多于三亚其他海域,但稍低于南海岛礁(如渚碧礁)海域。根据Shannon-Wiener指数分级评价标准,蜈支洲岛海域棘皮动物平均多样性指数为2.5,介于2与3之间,属于轻度的人为干扰。综上所述,蜈支洲岛海域珊瑚礁生态系统保护效果明显。 相似文献
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To elucidate which environmental factors affect lagoonal‐scale sea cucumber distributions in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, intertidal and subtidal areas of three coral reef lagoons were classified into several ground divisions by bottom characteristics, and sea cucumber densities therein were compared with the composition of sediment cover, grain size and organic content, and coverage of macroalgae, seagrass, and massive corals. Holothuria atra, Holothuria leucospilota, Stichopus chloronotus, and Synapta maculata had highest densities in the nearshore areas but were rare in reef flats, probably because of wave disturbance and low areal cover of sand sediment as potential feeding environments. No relationship was observed between sea cucumber densities and sediment organic content or grain size. Thus, even if these sea cucumbers have selectivity for habitats with a high sediment organic content, the effect of such selectivity on the distribution seems to be limited to relatively small areas. The sea cucumber distributions can be classified by bottom sediment/biota composition into bedrock (H. leucospilota), sand (H. atra), and lagoonal types (St. chloronotus and Sy. maculata). These habitat selections were possibly related to various aspects of sea cucumber ecology such as refuge from predators or turbulence, or settlement and nursery place, which have implications for importance of the complexity of lagoonal‐scale topography and sediment/biota conditions for the coexistence of various holothurian species. 相似文献
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黄海镆铘岛海域海草床数量分布及其生态特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海草床是近海三大典型海洋生态系统之一,具有巨大的碳储备功能,并为众多海洋生物提供重要的栖息场所及食物来源,在维持近岸海洋生态系统平衡中发挥着重要的作用。2016年8月通过对黄海镆铘岛海域的现场调查,发现分布面积为272.84 ha的海草床主要种类为鳗草(Zostera marina)和红纤维虾形草(Phyllospadix iwatensis)。鳗草的分布面积约为177.23 ha,占总面积的65%,主要分布在镆铘岛沿岸的海参养殖池中,红纤维虾形草的分布面积约为95.61 ha,占总面积的35%,主要分布在沿岸的礁石上,呈明显的带状分布。鳗草的平均株高为(86.8±5.8)cm,平均植株密度和生物量分别为(364.0±14.2)株/m~2和(528.7±20.5)gDW/m~2;红纤维虾形草的平均株高为(112.8±3.8)cm,平均植株密度和生物量分别为(3087.0±35.4)株/m~2和(2320.0±26.6)gDW/m~2。红纤维虾形草的分布水深为(1.80±0.04)m,海草床的水体溶解氧含量较高,达到(10.4±0.1)mg/L,分布有鳗草的海参池塘的底质粒径为(4.6±0.1)mm。结合历史资料,发现该海域海草床退化现象十分严重,这除了受自然环境变化的影响外,与过度的人类活动干扰有关。并提出了海草床修复与保护的建议和对策,可为进一步研究与保护该区域海草床生态系统提供基础。 相似文献
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大亚湾海域石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)寄生单殖吸虫群落结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调查了大亚湾海域13种石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)寄生单殖吸虫群落,结果发现有10种鱼感染单殖吸虫,占调查鱼种类的四分之三,检获单殖吸虫16种,隶属于3科5属,其中拟合片虫属(Pseudorhabdosynochus spp.)10种;除鞍带石斑(E.lanceolatus)和拟青石斑(E.fasciatomaculosus)外,8种鱼可分别感染3—7种单殖吸虫;感染单殖吸虫种类最多的是玳瑁石斑(E.quoyanus)达7种,次之是青石斑(E.awoara)和养殖的橙点石斑(E.bleekeri)均感染6种;各单殖吸虫种类中,感染强度最大的是拟合片虫(P.serrani))(棕点石斑,E.fuscoguttatus)128只/尾,次之是石斑拟合片虫(P.grouperi)(青石斑)62只/尾,接下来是斜带拟合片虫(P.coioidesis)(大斑石斑,E.macrospilos)59只/尾和杯阴拟合片虫(P.cupatus)(玳瑁石斑)49只/尾;平均密度最高的是棕点石斑上检获的拟合片虫128只/尾;在检获的16种单殖吸虫中,8种可分别寄生于2种或2种以上石斑鱼,石斑鳞盘虫(Diplectanum grouperi)和拟合片虫在6种石斑鱼上都能检获,符合广寄生单殖吸虫种特征。有5种鱼检查尾数5尾以上的,其中玳瑁石斑单殖吸虫感染率最高62.07%,其内群落的物种丰富度与宿主体长呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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Comparison of ecophysiological characteristics between introduced and indigenous mangrove species in China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Luzhen Chen Nora F.Y. Tam Jianhui Huang Xueqin Zeng Xiangli Meng Cairong Zhong Yuk-shan Wong Guanghui Lin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):644-652
Due to its rapid growth, the introduced mangrove species Sonneratia apetala from Bangladesh has been widely used in mangrove restoration in southeastern China since 1985. As an indigenous mangrove species in Hainan, China, Sonneratia caseolaris was also planted in Guangdong Province for afforestation purposes. Both species have developed well in their new habitats, but their ecophysiological differences with the native mangrove species have not been studied. In this study, leaf gas exchange, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of two Sonneratia species were compared with those of selected native mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel, and Excoecaria agallocha) in Hainan and Shenzhen. The introduced S. apetala maintained lower carbon assimilation rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) than the indigenous S. caseolaris. In Shenzhen, the two introduced Sonneratia had comparable photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency (WUE) with the native mangrove species, except that PNUE in S. caseolaris was significantly higher than in the native mangrove species. The two Sonneratia species showed significant overlap in PNUE and long-term WUE. Photosynthetic parameters derived from leaf photosynthetic light–response curves and A–Ci curves also suggested lower carbon assimilation capacities for the introduced Sonneratia than for the native mangrove species in both study sites. The lower light compensation point (LCP) of two introduced Sonneratia in both study sites also indicated a better adaptation to a low light regime than the native mangrove species. The results of photosynthetic capacities indicated that the introduced mangrove species have little competitive advantage over local native mangrove species in their respective new habitats. 相似文献
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曼氏血吸虫中间宿主螺藁杆双脐螺和其他3种隶属扁蜷螺科的吸虫及线虫中间宿主螺,其形态极为相似,缺乏分类学资料,比较几种扁蜷螺的形态及生殖系统构造,明确其分类学特征,能为监测及防控部门准确鉴定物种提供依据。电子数显卡尺测量所有样本螺壳参数;解剖4种扁蜷螺生殖系统并绘图;扫描电镜观察齿舌形态。方差分析表明,4种扁蜷螺壳高(H)和直径(D)比值差异显著(F=64.171,P0.01)。4种扁蜷螺齿舌均为中央齿1列,双齿型,但中央齿齿尖形态、侧齿及缘齿列数、齿尖数量及形态等依种类不同均有差异。研究结果表明不同种的齿舌形态是重要鉴别特征之一。生殖系统阴茎复合体构造在属间差异明显,种间较为相似(旋螺属的凸旋螺、小旋螺)。尽管4种扁蜷螺贝壳形态较为相似,但壳高(H)和直径(D)比值、齿舌列数、齿尖以及生殖系统的阴茎复合体构造等特征,对入侵物种藁杆双脐螺和中国几种常见扁蜷螺的准确鉴定有重要价值。 相似文献