共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Two high value species, yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and hāpuku (groper, Polyprion oxygeneios), have been identified as suitable new candidates for New Zealand aquaculture. This paper reviews the research by NIWA and collaborators conducted to test the biological, technological and economic feasibility of farming these two species. NIWA now has the capability to produce sufficient kingfish fingerlings per year to meet the needs of the early stages of an industry. Advances in hāpuku aquaculture have also been significant, from spawning in captivity through to the selection of juveniles for improved growth. Recently, the first spawning of captive hāpuku F1 broodstock and production of F2 eggs, larvae and juveniles was achieved. Although hāpuku larval survival remains variable, the ability to close the life cycle, and the availability of domesticated broodstock, provide a significant step forward and increase the chances of this species being commercially farmed. 相似文献
2.
《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2012,46(1):102-114
ABSTRACTHandling methods are an important determinant of translocation success. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, tangata whenua traditionally used insulated kete to translocate aquatic animals to new environments as part of ahumoana tawhito (ancient aquaculture). In this study we investigated the influence of three transport methods (traditional [flax kete], modern [bucket], and a hybrid of the two [bucket with flax support structures]) on the short-term performance (burrowing speed) of kākahi (freshwater mussels). We also tested whether assisted release (planting kākahi in the substrate) resulted in enhanced burrowing speeds. Kākahi that were transported using the traditional method were slower to begin probing the substrate, but there was no difference in overall burrowing speed. We also found that assisted release resulted in faster burrowing speeds. We conclude that handling and release procedures can influence the short-term performance of translocated kākahi, and we recommend procedures for future translocation projects, including transporting animals in immersion vessels where practical, and planting them at the release site 相似文献
3.
双壳类软体动物的水产遗传学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
KatsuhikoT.Wada 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(1)
双壳类是水产养殖业中非常重要的养殖贝类,在世界范围其产量日益增长。作者综述了近年来双壳类遗传学研究进展,包括遗传变异、数量遗传、选种育种、杂交育种、染色体及分子遗传学等领域的最新研究进展。 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACT Environmental sustainability and the long-term wellbeing of Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) are interdependent and degradation of landscapes risks the progressive degradation of Māori wellbeing. The present study developed an analysis framework based on Ki Uta Ki Tai (holistic-mountains to the sea- management philosophy advocated by Ngāi Tahu) for exploring relationships between landcover and Māori values to enable predictions of cultural values through space and time. We used this framework to predict how two Māori values (Overall Health and Cultural Land Use) have been altered as a result of landcover change between 2001–2012 in three Canterbury catchments. The area of native vegetation declined while exotic pasture increased between 2001–2012, and there were corresponding declines in both cultural health scores. These results suggest that the change in landcover has reduced the ability of the landscape to support Māori values. This framework for assessing changes in Māori values with respect to changing environmental conditions may identify opportunities for Māori to better engage in land use management decisions. 相似文献
5.
6.
基于深度学习RCF模型的三都澳筏式养殖区提取研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
三都澳是中国重要的海水养殖海湾，在水产养殖中占有较高的经济地位。快速准确地获取养殖区的分布范围、数量以及面积等信息，对养殖区规划、产值估计、生态调查、风暴潮灾害预防等具有重要的意义。然而，随着养殖区域的扩大，海水背景状态愈发复杂多样，光谱特征差异较大，为养殖区提取带来困难。在本实验中，利用高分辨率遥感卫星GF-2图像，引入深度学习RCF（Richer Convolutional Features）网络模型对海湾内的筏式养殖区进行了提取。结果显示:该方法无需事先对区域进行水陆分离处理，且对水中泥沙较多的区域以及海浪较大的区域有很好的提取效果，提取精度达93%以上，适合进行大规模海水养殖区提取应用。 相似文献
7.
The oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratios of 10 species of living Bryozoa collected from the Otago Shelf, New Zealand were analysed to assess the extent to which isotopic equilibrium (relative to inorganic equilibrium isotope fractionation) is attained during the precipitation of skeletal calcium carbonate. The data reveal that whereas eight species of Bryozoa synthesise skeletal carbonate in apparent oxygen isotope equilibrium with respect to environmental conditions, two species (Celleporina grandis and Hippomonavella flexuosa) yield δ18Ocalcite values which indicate significant disequilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation during calcification. Sufficient data are available from one species (C. grandis) to demonstrate that disequilibrium is probably related to kinetic factors associated with diffusion‐controlled transport of HCO3‐ to the site of calcite precipitation. Carbon isotope signatures indicate significant departures from inorganic isotope equilibrium in all but one bryozoan species (Hippomenella vellicata). Although greater uncertainties are associated with estimates of the isotopic composition of total dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CSDIC), the data suggest that two factors—kinetic fractionation and incorporation of respiratory CO2—are important in controlling carbon isotope disequilibrium. Where bryozoan species exhibit evidence for disequilibrium in both oxygen and carbon isotope systems (C. grandis, H. flexuosa), it is likely that kinetic factors are primarily responsible for observed departures from carbon isotope equilibrium. In contrast, the probable explanation for those species which display evidence for carbon isotope disequilibrium only, is that skeletal carbonate is precipitated from a DIC pool modified by the incorporation of respiratory CO2. Differences between the carbon isotope composition of skeletal elements from the same species and co‐existing species living in the same community suggests that significant variations may occur in the extent to which marine DIC and respiratory CO2 are utilised during calcification. Additional studies of carbon pathways associated with calcification are required to assess the relative effects of kinetic, metabolic, and environmental factors on the carbon isotopic composition of bryozoan skeletal carbonate. 相似文献
8.
9.
中国对虾(Fenneropenaeuschinensis)多性状复合育种方案的遗传和经济评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
设计中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis多性状复合育种方案,模拟选择20个世代,预测和评估目标性状(收获体重(BW),存活率(SR)和饲料摄入量(FI))的遗传进展及经济效益。利用选择指数理论,估计目标性状的选择反应和遗传进展;通过三级金字塔传递系统(核心群、扩繁群和生产群)放大遗传进展并计算其经济效益;对影响利润(RP)和效益成本比率(BCR)的生物学参数(遗传力、育种目标是否包括FI),经济学参数(对虾价格、饲料价格、贴现率、初投资、年费用)和运行参数(首次回报年份、扩繁效率)进行敏感性分析。结果表明,在基础参数值下,BW、SR和FI每个世代的选择反应分别为0.81g、1.41%和1.30g;以1 000尾虾为单位计算,BW、SR和FI的经济加权值分别为32元,20元和-8元,育种目标的遗传进展为43.69元,育种方案执行20年产生的RP和BCR分别为8 660.99万元和14.34。敏感性分析显示,生物学参数中,目标性状遗传力变化对RP和BCR影响程度中等,遗传力值越高,RP和BCR越大;将FI经济加权值设为0,育种方案的RP和BCR明显高于基础参数。经济学参数中,对虾价格的变化对RP和BCR影响较大;饲料价格、贴现率和年费用的变化对RP和BCR影响较小,但初投资变化对BCR影响较大。运行参数中,首次回报年份越晚,RP和BCR越低。扩繁效率是影响RP和BCR的最重要因素。高扩繁效率下,生产群规模扩大1 736.15%,RP和BCR分别提高1 866.92%和1 736.75%。 相似文献
10.
凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)是世界也是我国的主导对虾养殖品种,产业的发展离不开良种的支撑,分子育种被认为是加快良种选育的最有效途径,而目标性状相关分子标记的开发是发展分子育种的基础。研究主要目的是建立一种适用于凡纳滨对虾等水产经济物种的高通量候选基因关联分析方法,并在抗弧菌相关标记筛选中进行应用。首次将三代靶向测序技术用于对虾候选基因的基因分型,在抗弧菌性状候选基因LvPI3K的全长序列上发掘到91个SNP位点,通过关联分析鉴定到21个与抗弧菌性状显著相关的SNP标记(P0.05),利用Sanger测序证实了三代靶向测序技术分型结果准确可靠。所建立的基于三代测序的靶向分型方法为凡纳滨对虾等水产动物提供了一种高效、低成本的基因分型方法,所发掘的抗弧菌性状相关位点对开展凡纳滨对虾抗弧菌性状分子育种具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Marine Policy》2014
Future fish demand-supply scenarios project that investment in aquaculture will be needed to ensure fish for food security in Solomon Islands. In 2010 a study of two peri-urban areas of Solomon Islands analysed the demand and potential for inland aquaculture, and the role of the introduced Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in household livelihoods and existing value chains. Of 178 households interviewed, marine reef fish were the preferred fish for consumption, although tinned fish was also common. At the study sites, Mozambique tilapia was accessible and contributed to food security, particularly for inland households. Sixty five percent of the people actively fished for tilapia at least monthly; 13% of these fished on almost a daily basis. Fish were consumed by men, women and children and sold by both men and women in local village markets. Mozambique tilapia is considered to perform poorly in aquaculture. While other species like Nile tilapia or milkfish (Chanos chanos) are being considered for aquaculture by the Solomon Islands Government, Mozambique tilapia is currently the only cost-effective and widely available alternative for farming fish for household food security. This study lends weight to the premise that peri-urban households that are cash poor are likely to benefit nutritionally from easier access to tilapia or other freshwater fish. 相似文献
13.
Critically endangered Māui dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori maui) are found exclusively off the west coast of New Zealand’s North Island. One important data gap troubling efforts to reduce the current unsustainable level of bycatch is the limited information on the offshore and alongshore limits of their range. Passive acoustic monitoring studies could address this data gap, but Māui dolphin habitat is dominated by a sandy substrate that can shift greatly in the strong local currents. In February 2016, a short pilot CPOD deployment was thus attempted as a first step to see if the equipment could be deployed and recovered in the area and if the data collected would be viable, with a second unit deployed inside a harbour for comparison with earlier TPOD data. The pilot was largely successful, and roughly 11% of all minutes in the core habitat location contained detections of clicks attributed to Māui dolphin. A visual inspection of the data suggests some trends with diel and tidal patterns. Further work of this type is thus recommended. 相似文献
14.
人工育苗是我国培育中间球海胆养殖业种苗的主要手段,然而传统的海胆附着基的人工育苗效果不尽如人意,尤其是在控制稚胆剥离损伤方面。目前,海上吊笼养殖是中间球海胆人工养殖最主要的养成方式之一,而随着室内工厂化养殖技术的更新和优化,海胆的室内工厂化养殖产业发展迅速并受到广泛关注。为探明以软质塑料膜作为中间球海胆附着基的育苗效果以及不同规格种苗养殖的效果,分别使用硬质波纹板和软质塑料膜作附着基进行中间球海胆人工育苗,并开展了大、小两种规格（壳径分别为0.5 cm和2.0 cm）的海胆种苗室内工厂化养殖和海区养殖研究,旨在明确软质塑料膜替代传统硬质波纹板作海胆育苗附着基的可行性以及中间球海胆室内工厂化养殖和海区养殖效果的优劣。实验结果表明：软质塑料膜在采苗效率方面与波纹板无异,但在促进稚胆生长和提高存活率方面优势显著（p<0.05）;在不同规格中间球海胆种苗的工厂化养殖和海上养成研究中,相同养殖条件下,养殖12月龄的大规格种苗相较于小规格种苗在生长和存活方面优势显著（p<0.05）,同时工厂化养殖能确保更高的养殖成活率和更优的生长性能（p<0.05）,然而中间球海胆的工厂化养殖在... 相似文献
15.
为了推动海水养殖的可持续发展,研究其中水动力过程对生态要素的影响,本文基于实测数据,研究了南麂列岛养殖功能海域秋季的潮致混合特征及其对营养盐浓度的影响。结果显示,该海域雷诺应力呈现出显著落潮占优的特点,而落潮阶段高、低潮附近的转流过程又分别具有正、斜压的特点,进一步导致高潮时雷诺应力峰值被限制于近底层,而低潮时雷诺应力峰值自底至表陆续出现。南麂列岛养殖功能海域营养盐浓度很高,其中NO2-、PO43-与Si O32-浓度受雷诺应力影响显著,而NO3-浓度与盐度相关性明显,主要受水团控制。 相似文献
16.
拥有强大的渗透压调节能力对广盐性鱼类的生存至关重要。目前,关于鱼类渗透压调节机制已有不少研究,但均存在较大的局限性。本文从广盐性鱼类渗透压信号转导机制、渗透胁迫的细胞调控机制、渗透调控的内分泌调节机制和无机离子通道和转运蛋白介导的渗透调控等方面对广盐性鱼类的渗透压适应性和生理可塑性机制进行分析,以期从分子、细胞、通路和生理等层次初步探索广盐性鱼类盐度胁迫后的可塑性表型变化和不同盐度条件下的应答机制,为广盐性鱼类的渗透压调节机制的深入研究奠定基础。对广盐性鱼类渗透压适应性与生理可塑性机制研究,有助于研究其环境适应机理,促进野生鱼种的人工化养殖以及新品种的育种从而提高经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,对促进水产养殖学进步以及养殖业的发展具有重要意义,同时,为研究广盐性鱼类的渗透压调节机制开辟新的研究方向。 相似文献
17.
水产养殖业在我国渔业产业结构中占据重要地位,在促进我国渔业经济发展中发挥着重要作用。当前渔业正处于由要素驱动向创新驱动转型的新旧动能转换时期,这也对水产养殖业的转型升级提出了更高要求。文章根据产业演化路径及其运行机理,从资源、技术、市场、制度4个方面构建指标体系,采用1998—2019年的指标数据,通过灰色关联分析和岭回归分析,探索影响产业演化的因素,探讨不同影响因素对水产养殖业演化发展的影响程度,以期为促进中国水产养殖产业的发展,增强水产养殖业的竞争力提供理论支撑。结果表明,城镇居民人均水产品消费量对中国水产养殖产业演化影响程度最大,GDP及单位面积产量的影响显著,水产技术推广经费支出影响最小。基于此,为促进我国水产养殖业的转型升级提出做好水产品消费需求引领与管理、拓展国内国际消费市场;增加科技投入,发展养殖技术;加大资源保护力度,推进绿色发展;着力解决养殖水产品质量安全问题等相应对策建议。 相似文献
18.
Here, we describe a methodology for quantifying the spawning habitat of īnanga (Galaxias maculatus), a protected native fish species. Our approach is demonstrated with a survey of the Heathcote/ōpāwaho following the Canterbury earthquakes that produced unexpected findings. Spawning habitat was detected over a 2.5?km reach and the area occupied by spawning sites (75m2) was much larger than in previous records (ca.?21m2). Sites dominated by the invasive Phalaris arundinaceae were found to support high egg numbers. Spawning has not previously been recorded on this species and it is identified in the literature as a threat to spawning habitat. Considerable spatio-temporal variation was also detected in the location of spawning sites and pattern of egg production. Together, these aspects illustrate the need for a comprehensive survey methodology to reliably quantify spawning habitat. The Heathcote/ōpāwaho example shows the utility of our census approach for achieving this, and supporting habitat conservation objectives. 相似文献
19.
《Marine Policy》2017
While the expansion of aquaculture production can confer positive economic impacts, under certain conditions, aquaculture can also have negative environmental impacts. Understanding the total economic impacts of aquaculture expansion is therefore necessary in order to make informed decisions when weighing economic considerations against environmental concerns. This paper considers the wider economic impacts, both direct and indirect of expansion in the Irish aquaculture industry. By disaggregating the aquaculture sector from Ireland's 2010 Input-Output table and calculating the resultant Leontief inverse matrix a number of economic multipliers for the aquaculture sector are estimated and used to calculate the potential indirect impacts of expansion. These multipliers are then used to estimate the economic impacts of reaching the targets set out in the recently published Irish national strategic plan for sustainable aquaculture, highlighting the potential for such an expansion to contribute to the rural economy. 相似文献
20.
锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)不同种群的杂合性研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,研究了锯缘青蟹 (Scyllaserrata) 6个自然种群杂合体缺乏及过量情况 ;进行了 1 1种等位酶的电泳检测和谱带遗传分析 ,在所研究的锯缘青蟹 2 2个等位酶位点和 30个等位基因中 ,有 7个位点是多态的 ,分别为Est 1、Est 2 (在此位点厦门锯缘青蟹为单态 )、Est 3、Sod 1、Me 2、Mdh 2 (在此位点厦门锯缘青蟹为多态 )、Mdh 3,在这些位点有 2— 3个等位基因。结果表明 ,宁海和三亚种群的Est 1和Est 2位点、厦门种群的Est 1和Mdh 2位点、深圳和北海种群的Est 1位点符合H W平衡标准 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;连江种群的Est 1位点显著偏离H W平衡 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而宁海、三亚和厦门种群的Est 3、Sod 1、Me 2和Mdh 3位点、连江种群的Est 2、Est 3、Sod 1、Me 2和Mdh 3位点及深圳和北海种群的Est 2、Est 3、Sod 1、Me 2和Mdh 3位点均非常显著偏离H W平衡 (P <0 .0 1 )。另外 ,除连江种群的Est 1位点表现出杂合子缺失 (F >0 )外 ,各种群中每个多态位点均表现为杂合子过量 (F <0 )。总结了各种群中每个多态位点的观察杂合度和期望杂合度 ,认为导致杂合子缺乏的主要原因可能是自然选择、近交、哑等位基因、Wahland效应等。杂合子缺乏会导致某些基因从基因库中消失 ,造成种群遗传多样性的降低 ,从而降 相似文献