共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
为弥补广阔海面上气象参数的观测数据的不足，利用专用成像传感器SSM／I和红外辐射计AVHRR资料进行近海面气温和湿度的反演，首先分析与近海面气温和湿度关系比较密切的几个气象因子及其相关性，并采用神经网络建立近海面气温和湿度与它们之间的关系，利用训练好的网络模型反演月平均近海面气温和湿度，并与TAO和NDBC提供的浮标及观测站的实测数据进行比较，近海面气温和相对湿度的均方根差分别为0．87℃和3．73％。低纬度反演的结果精度较高，达到0．53℃（气温）和2．03％（相对湿度）；较大的误差（气温1．06℃、相对湿度3．85％）主要发生在近岸和高纬度区，因为近岸的地形比较复杂，并且很容易受陆地气候的影响；高纬度地区的气候变化比较剧烈，同时目前能得到的高纬度地区的实测资料比较少，这些因素都会影响反演结果的准确度。 相似文献
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综合利用前人研究结果与江苏地区水稻生长所需的光、温、水特性,提出了江苏水稻气候适宜性评价指标为适宜生长期、5—10月降水量、t≥10℃活动积温、日照时数;依据现有稻麦(油)两熟的耕作制度,确立了江苏水稻气候适宜性区划因子和分级阈值。基于1961—2019年江苏省及周边共85个站(市、区)的气象数据,采用模糊综合评判法建立水稻气候适宜性评估模型,并确定综合评估指数,利用ArcGIS的自然断点法,将江苏中熟中粳、迟熟中粳、早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳种植适宜区进行区划。通过30 a尺度下的年代际分析发现,由于适宜生长期延长和活动积温增加,使得四个品种特性的水稻适宜种植区域均有所调整,其中晚熟粳稻的种植范围北扩到淮河以南地区。 相似文献
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着眼于海上丝绸之路的战略地位,基于高程数据、历史水文气象数据等,首先分析了海上丝绸之路主要海域的自然地理环境和气候特征;在此基础上,针对海上丝绸之路所面临的自然环境灾害,基于风险评估与风险管理理论,建立了海上丝绸之路自然环境风险指标体系与评估模型,并基于地理信息平台(GIS)和历史气象水文数据和航运信息等,以大风(浪)风险为例,进行了评估试验。初步结果表明,冬季,南海大部尤其是台湾海峡和巴士海峡附近的大风(浪)风险较高,而印度洋的风险则普遍在中等以下;夏季,阿拉伯海大部分海域尤其是索马里东北部海域大风(浪)风险较高,其它海域的风险则多在中等程度以下。 相似文献
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郑守峰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(Z1)
根据本地区夏季气温、太阳辐射强度等气象参数，提出建筑空调瞬时负荷控制模型。对本地区气象参数归纳为两个地区气象专用值：地区气象常数Ｃｋ和地区气象专用温度ｔ０。应用该模型与我国常用的分析计算方法进行比较，两者计算结果基本一致。该模型可提供在我国不同地区利用当地气象参数，计算、控制建筑空调的瞬时负荷。 相似文献
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通过对青海湖沉积物单一种属介形虫壳体Li/Ca比值和氧同位素的研究,恢复了青海湖地区近千年来温度和降雨量的变化历史.Li/Ca比值和氧同位素的强烈相关性(r＝0.5,n＝59,p＜0.01)表明青海湖地区近千年来温度和降雨量的同步变化.对气象数据及德令哈和都兰树轮指数恢复的气候参数的研究发现,这种同步变化也是存在,认为... 相似文献
6.
植被是海岛生态系统的重要组成部分。由于海岛陆地环境与大陆的差异性，现有的陆域植被调查方法不能完全适用于海岛植被。亟须结合现有成熟的陆地植被调查方法，选取不同类型的海岛，对调查方法中的关键环节进行实地测试，积累数据进行统计分析，以得到适用于海岛特殊地理环境海岛植被调查技术方法。文章针对植被调查中的样线法，以北长山岛两种不同面积的调查区域为例，对比分析不同样线设置方法，明确在该岛屿何种坡向、坡位，何种类型植物群落中设置样线，以及设置多长的样线才能够较为完整地代表该调查区域的植物物种丰富度，同时降低大量的调查时间，最终确定最优的海岛样线设置原则，为海岛植被群落调查中样线的有效选择提供科学依据。 相似文献
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近年来国内外学者采用不同的方法评估气候变化对粮食生产的影响,其中机理模型评价方法是运用较多的方法之一。WOFOST（WOrld FOod STudies）模型由于其机理性强、源代码开放、参数调整较为简便等优势,已经在相关研究中得到广泛应用。该模型以不同作物生长发育的机理过程为依据,经过适用性验证后,可用于粮食作物气候生产潜力评估和气象灾害影响评价;结合历史气候资料与未来气候情景数据,可定量评价过去及未来气候变化对粮食生产的影响。通过介绍WOFOST模型的基本原理、运行机制、参数设定与参数本地化等相关方法,系统总结该模型在评估气候变化对粮食生产影响方面的研究进展,并指出现有研究存在的不足,以期为未来开展相关研究工作提供参考。 相似文献
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为了对海岛植被进行分类,确定海岛植被型,本文首先较为全面地回顾了中国陆地植被分类和区划的研究历程,在分析植被分类理论和方法的基础上,以东海浙闽海岛(平潭岛以北)所在海域为例,提出探索海岛植被分类与气候控制因子关系、进而研究海岛植被型及其空间分布的思路与方法;其次,依据陆地植被分类的理论方法和研究结果,探讨了东海浙闽海岛的可能植被型,认为海岛植被型n应在陆地植被型范畴内,其数量是陆地植被型m中的若干(n/m);最后,由于海岛所处海域的气候与毗邻陆地不同,因此对海洋气候的控制因子进行了分析,提出尝试通过控制因子的特征和演变规律分析,进而推演海岛植被型及分布,同时结合植被调查经验和方法进行验证的海岛植被分类方法。 相似文献
9.
研究东海黑潮流区海域与黄海海域海水热含量在水平方向上的差异(以下简称经向热力差异Meridional Thermal Difference, MTD)对其西侧陆地(以南京为代表)气候变化的影响.利用WRF模式进行的数值模拟试验和对南京的实测结果分析表明,MTD的加强,使我国东部地区夏季风减弱,减弱了向东的水汽和热量输送,对陆地气候造成了比较大的影响.对SODA再分析资料的分析表明,自1979-2010年,7月份的MTD有增强的趋势;对南京气温实测资料的分析表明,对应东部海区MTD较强的年份,东部地区西南夏季风减弱,使南京气温异常偏低. 相似文献
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黄土高原西安地区全新世的植被与气候环境 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
对黄土高原中部南侧西安一带进行采样及孢粉分析,初步探讨和证实了一万年来西安地区植被的发育演替,详细地论证了该地区的古气候环境以及植被、气候和环境在时间上的演化规律和在空间上的差异,总结了早、中、晚全新世在该区发育的植被及其所代表的气候环境。根据西安蓝田、半坡两个剖面各17个样品的分析,将孢粉图式分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ带,分别代表全新世早、中、晚3个时期的孢粉带。蓝田剖面显示：Ⅰ带为蒿属优势带;Ⅱ带为栎-榛-榆增长带及蒿-环纹藻优势带→栎-鹅耳枥-菊增长带;Ⅲ带为松-菊-藜-中华卷柏增长带。研究认为：早全新世植被为疏林草原,气候较冷较干;中全新世植被为温带落叶阔叶林为主的森林草原并掺杂少量亚热带植物,气候温暖湿润;晚全新世植被为以松、篙为主的森林草原,气候转向温凉干旱。 相似文献
12.
The vegetation communities and spatial patterns on the Fire Island National Seashore are dynamic as the result of interactions with driving forces such as sand deposition, storm-driven over wash, salt spray, surface water, as well as with human disturbances. We used high spatial resolution QuickBird-2 satellite remote sensing data to map both terrestrial and submerged aquatic vegetation communities of the National Seashore. We adopted a stratified classification and unsupervised classification approach for mapping terrestrial vegetation types. Our classification scheme included detailed terrestrial vegetation types identified by previous vegetation mapping efforts of the National Park Service and three generalized categories of high-density seagrass, low-density seagrass coverages, and unvegetated bottom to map the submerged aquatic vegetation habitats. We used underwater videography, GPS-guided field reference photography, and bathymetric data to support remote sensing image classification and information extraction. This study achieved approximately 82% and 75% overall classification accuracy for the terrestrial and submnerged aquatic vegetations, respectively, and provided an updated vegetation inventory and change analysis for the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network of the National Park Service. 相似文献
13.
The vegetation communities and spatial patterns on the Fire Island National Seashore are dynamic as the result of interactions with driving forces such as sand deposition, storm-driven over wash, salt spray, surface water, as well as with human disturbances. We used high spatial resolution QuickBird-2 satellite remote sensing data to map both terrestrial and submerged aquatic vegetation communities of the National Seashore. We adopted a stratified classification and unsupervised classification approach for mapping terrestrial vegetation types. Our classification scheme included detailed terrestrial vegetation types identified by previous vegetation mapping efforts of the National Park Service and three generalized categories of high-density seagrass, low-density seagrass coverages, and unvegetated bottom to map the submerged aquatic vegetation habitats. We used underwater videography, GPS-guided field reference photography, and bathymetric data to support remote sensing image classification and information extraction. This study achieved approximately 82% and 75% overall classification accuracy for the terrestrial and submnerged aquatic vegetations, respectively, and provided an updated vegetation inventory and change analysis for the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network of the National Park Service. 相似文献
14.
A change in ecosystem types, such as through natural-vegetation-agriculture conversion, alters the surface albedo and triggers attendant shortwave radiative forcing (RF). This paper describes numerical experiments performed using the climate model (CM) of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences, for the 16th–21st centuries; this model simulated the response to a change in the contents of greenhouse gases (tropospheric and stratospheric), sulfate aerosols, solar constant, as well as the response to change in surface albedo of land due to natural-vegetation-agriculture conversion. These forcing estimates relied on actual data until the late 20th century. In the 21st century, the agricultural area was specified according to scenarios of the Land Use Harmonization project and other anthropogenic impacts were specified using SRES scenarios. The change in the surface vegetation during conversion from natural vegetation to agriculture triggers a cooling RF in most regions except for those of natural semiarid vegetation. The global and annual average RF derived from the IAP RAS CM in late 20th century is ?0.11 W m?2. Including the land-use driven RF in IAP RAS CM appreciably reconciled the model calculations to observations in this historical period. For instance, in addition to the net climate warming, IAP RAS CM predicted an annually average cooling and reduction in precipitation in the subtropics of Eurasia and North America and in Amazonia and central Africa, as well as a local maximum in annually average and summertime warming in East China. The land-use driven RF alters the sign in the dependence that the amplitude of the annual cycle of the near-surface atmospheric temperature has on the annually averaged temperature. One reason for the decrease in precipitation as a result of a change in albedo due to land use may be the suppression of the convective activity in the atmosphere in the warm period (throughout the year in the tropics) and the corresponding decrease in convective precipitation. In the 21st century, the effect that the land-use driven RF has on the climate response for scenarios of anthropogenic impact is generally small. 相似文献
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I. B. Konovalov E. V. Berezin M. Beekmann 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(3):263-270
It has been shown by numerical simulation that the rate of formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in smoke plumes caused by vegetation and peat fires under real conditions can significantly depend on the aerosol optical thickness (AOT). The AOT determines the photodissociation rate and hydroxyl radical concentration, which in turn determines the rate of SOA generation as a result of oxidation of semivolatile organic compounds. Quantitative analysis has been carried out for the situation that took place in European Russia during the 2010 Russian wildfires. The state-of-the-art 3D chemical transport model is used in this study; the simulations are optimized and validated using the data of monitoring of the particulate matter in the Moscow region and Finland. The findings indicate that it is important to allow for this effect in studies focused on the analysis and prediction of air pollution due to wildfires, as well as climate and weather studies, whose results may depend on the assumptions about the content and properties of atmospheric carbon-containing aerosol. 相似文献
16.
The carbon cycle module of the global climate model developed at the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM) has been extended by implementing the subgrid-scale heterogeneity (SH) of plant functional types (PFTs). It is found that subgrid-scale PFT heterogeneity enhances the photosynthesis intensity and increases vegetation and soil carbon stocks in grass-dominated regions. In forest-dominated regions, photosynthesis is suppressed and vegetation and soil carbon stocks are diminished. Regionally, accounting for subgrid-scale vegetation heterogeneity may lead to twofold changes in these variables. On the whole, accounting for subgrid-scale PFT heterogeneity enhances (suppresses) the carbon flux in regions where it is directed from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere (from the atmosphere to terrestrial ecosystems). 相似文献
17.
Experiments are performed with the climate model of the Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences (INM RAS), integrated jointly with the Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ-DGVM). It is shown that the coupled model reproduces the distribution of basic plant functional types around the world quite well. In simulations of climate for the 21st century, this model predicts changes in dominant plant types and in the total area occupied by vegetation regionally. However, it does not reproduce the significant inverse influence that vegetation succession has on the simulated climate. 相似文献
18.
基于HY-1C CZI影像光谱指数重构数据MNF变换的红树林提取 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文基于广西山口国家红树林生态自然保护区的HY-1C卫星的海岸带成像仪(Coastal Zone Imager，CZI)影像，分析了红树林与一般陆地植被的光谱特征及其光谱指数的相关性，采用归一化差值植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI)、归一化差异水分指数(Normalized Difference Water Index，NDWI)、大气阻抗植被指数(Atmospheric Impedance Vegetation Index，ARVI)及利用CZI波段构建的光谱斜率比(CZI Visible Spectrum Slope Ratio，CVSSR)4个指数替代CZI原始波段形成重构数据，基于重构数据的最小噪声分离变换(Minimum Noise Fraction Rotation，MNF)结果分量，建立决策树并实现了红树林信息的自动提取。研究结果表明:结合本文所选光谱指数重构数据及MNF变换方法，能够有效增强CZI影像上红树林与一般陆地植被的光谱差异，基于MNF变换分量建立的决策树可有效提取红树林信息，经与专家解译结果比对，本文方法面积准确率达90%以上；经随机样本点验证，总体检测精度为88%。 相似文献
19.
Hang Wu Binbin Deng Jinlong Wang Sheng Zeng Juan Du Peng Yu Qianqian Bi Jinzhou Du 《海洋学报(英文版)》2023,42(1):91-102
The sedimentary record of climate change in the Arctic region is useful for understanding global warming.Kongsfjord is located in the subpolar region of the Arctic and is a suitable site for studying climate change.Glacier retreat is occurring in this region due to climate change,leading to an increase in meltwater outflow with a high debris content.In August 2017,we collected a sediment Core Z3 from the central fjord near the Yellow River Station.Then,we used the widely used chronology method o... 相似文献