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1.
2015年7月在泰国曼谷湾邦巴功河河口采集了1根1.5m长的沉积物柱样,分析了样品中重金属元素(Cd、Pb、Co、Ni、Cu、Cr、Zn)含量,进行了粒度和~(210)Pb、~(137)Cs活度测试,使用地累积指数、元素污染指数和潜在生态风险参数对重金属污染情况进行评级,并结合实际情况对污染来源进行了推断。结果表明:沉积柱状样210 Pb、137 Cs活度测试结果计算获得的沉积速率约为2.3cm/a,沉积物柱状样记录了1948—2015年的沉积情况。7种重金属元素含量均值分别为0.11、29.60、19.78、44.18、28.99、80.93、99.01mg/kg。重金属含量较20世纪都有所增长,Cd、Zn、Pb、Cr在整段沉积时间框架内增长明显。元素富集程度顺序为CdZnPbCrCuNiCo,Cd元素污染程度最为严重,Pb、Cu和Zn为偏中度污染,Cr、Ni和Co为轻度污染。单一重金属生态风险系数Eir评级顺序为CdPbCuNiCoCrZn。其中Cd为很强至极强生态危害,Pb为轻微至中等生态危害。Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb元素没有超出泰国沉积物环境质量基准规定的效应区间低值,Ni超出效应区间低值,但没有超过效应区间中值。重金属元素与Al较差的相关性表明重金属元素主要是非自然来源,Cd、Cu、Zn可能源于金属冶炼和交通,此外,Cd还可能存在其他未知工业污染来源,受人类活动影响较大。Cr可能源于纺织业发展。1990年之后较1990年之前重金属元素之间的相关性更差,指示1990年之后相比1990年之前重金属污染来源更复杂。 相似文献
2.
胶州湾西北部沉积物中重金属元素分布特征及评价 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了胶州湾西部大沽河口附近沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn等7种重金属元素含量在平面和垂向上的分布特征。研究表明,表层沉积物化学要素性质与沉积环境密切相关,重金属元素高值区主要分布在三角洲侧缘、前三角洲等泥质发育区,而低值区主要在分流河道、河口沙坝发育区。重金属元素的垂向变化特征表明沉积物环境质量总体上变化不大,仅Hg元素有逐渐富集规律,但在某一事件沉积过程中沉积物的环境质量有较大的变化。从平面分布特征分析,大沽河对胶州湾沉积物中重金属元素的贡献不及湾东部主要的排污河流,但在不同区域的不同沉积环境中重金属含量有相应的变化,在对全区进行含量对比以及污染源的分析时应考虑沉积环境和沉积相的影响。用地质累积指数对表层沉积物环境质量进行评价,结果显示沉积物主要受到Pb,Zn的污染,但污染程度较轻,沉积物环境质量总体较好。 相似文献
3.
基于广利河口北潮滩45个表层沉物和2个岩心柱样重金属、粒度、TOC数据,分析了广利河口北潮滩沉积物重金属分布规律及其来源,采用内梅罗综合指数法进行质量评价。结果表明:Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg、As 7种元素含量低于国家一类标准;在空间分布特征上,距岸一定范围内数值相对较高,主要受沿岸余流作用的影响;就来源而言,Cr元素明显为广利河注入,表层、Z1和Z2沉积物粒度对重金属的控制作用有明显差异;研究区内Cr和As污染指数最高,Cu污染指数变化最大,综合污染指数呈"哑铃状"分布,靠近现代黄河口和广利河口各高值相对较高。目前广利河口北潮滩重金属含量没有到达污染的程度,但有向轻度污染发展的趋势。 相似文献
4.
以南黄海西部中陆架区SYS-0701钻孔顶部102.5 cm岩心为研究对象,通过对岩心沉积物的210Pb、137Cs同位素测年和重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Hg、As、Cd)含量分析,研究了该孔0～102.5 cm岩心的沉积速率及其重金属元素地球化学特征.结果表明,岩心沉积物的平均沉积速率为2.16 cm/a;重金属含量在1961-1970年含量较低,1970-2004年呈上升趋势,随后开始减少,这与人类活动密切相关.SYS-0701孔顶部102.5 cm岩心未明显受重金属污染,且与黄渤海其他海域相比重金属含量偏低,其原因可解释为该钻孔岩心沉积物主要为老黄河沉积物(1128-1855年)在1855年之后被海流侵蚀并搬运而来,来自苏北岸外的现代沉积含量较低. 相似文献
5.
《应用海洋学学报》2015,(1)
对2009年春、秋两季辽东湾西部海域共25个采样站位4种重金属含量的分布特征进行了研究,并利用潜在生态风险指数法和地质累积指数法对其污染状况进行了评价.结果表明:该海域表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd平均含量范围分别为8.0~32.1、4.3~56.9、20.0~102.6、0.12~0.34 mg/kg;Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd含量平均值均高于渤海重金属背景值.在该海域表层沉积物重金属单元素平均含量的潜在生态风险指数中,Cd的风险等级已经达到"中等",Cu、Pb和Zn的潜在生态风险等级"较低";各重金属元素综合潜在生态风险等级属于"中等",近岸及河口等海域的生态风险等级相对较高.重金属地质累积指数评价结果显示,Cu和Zn属于0级污染,Pb和Cd属于"轻度"污染.因此,作者建议应控制该海域近岸养殖区密度和减少养殖污染.表层沉积物中重金属和TOC含量相关性分析表明:该海域表层沉积物中重金属Cu、Pb和Zn具有一定的同源性,TOC含量对重金属分布具有一定的影响. 相似文献
6.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(3)
对取自浙江近岸泥质区的柱状样DZ-28沉积物进行了粒度分析、210Pb和137 Cs同位素测年分析以及常量元素和重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn)含量分析,并用综合污染指数和潜在生态危害指数评价了近140年来研究区重金属污染程度的变迁。结果表明:柱状样沉积物的平均沉积速率为0.85cm/a;Al、Fe、K、Mn和Mg的含量与中值粒径具有相似的变化趋势,它们在20世纪80年代后含量逐渐增加,而Si和Ca则具有相反的变化趋势,这可能是由长江流域内大坝修建等一系列水利工程建设和上游水土保持工作的广泛开展所引起的;重金属元素含量在1982年前基本保持不变;在1982—2005年间均出现较大幅度增长,表明长江流域的人类活动强度在80年代后显著增加,导致巨量的重金属污染物被释放到长江中并被输送到研究区域,从而导致沉积物中这些元素的绝对含量明显升高;2005年后,Cu、Cr和Zn的增加趋势减缓,表明该时期内我国的环保政策等措施有效地控制了重金属污染物的排放,而Pb含量的增加可能与这一时期三峡大坝蓄水有关;研究区的重金属综合污染程度和潜在生态危害程度均低,表明近140年来研究区所面临的生态风险程度很低。近140年来重金属分布及演化特征与长江流域经济发展和国家环境保护政策等人类活动密切相关。 相似文献
7.
东昌湖水体和表层沉积物重金属元素污染评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对东昌湖水体重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb)及表层沉积物中重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Ni、Cd)含量的测定,采用基于国家地表水质量标准(GB3838-2002)评价、水体综合污染评价法对东昌湖水体重金属污染状况进行评价,结果表明,水体重金属元素的含量均达到国家Ⅰ类水质标准,水质良好。同全国主要湖泊的表层沉积物重金属含量进行对比,并采用国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-95)、潜在生态风险指数法以及地累积指数法对东昌湖表层沉积物重金属元素的污染状况进行评价,结果表明:东昌湖表层沉积物主要以Cd污染为主。东昌湖水体和表层沉积物重金属污染状况主要是有关部门对东昌湖的环境治理、东昌湖现有排污情况以及重金属元素自身地球化学特征等几个方面综合作用的结果。 相似文献
8.
根据2008—2015年3个航次对曹妃甸附近海域共51个采样站位的表层沉积物调查资料,分析了表层沉积物中Hg,Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,Zn和As七种重金属的质量分数和年际变化特征,采用超标率统计法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其重金属含量进行了评价。结果表明,研究海域表层沉积物中重金属含量总体处于较低水平,3个航次中仅有1个站位的Cu超标,其他调查站位的重金属含量均符合第一类标准。研究海域表层沉积物中各重金属的年际变化略有差异,Cu,Pb和Zn的含量相对比较稳定;Cr的含量表现为逐年降低的趋势;Cd和As的含量表现为先降低后增大的趋势;而Hg的含量表现为先增大后略降低的趋势。近8a来总体上曹妃甸附近海域表层沉积物中重金属含量的年际变化不显著。采用地累积指数法评价显示,7种重金属元素的Igeo多年平均大小排序为CdPbHgCuCrZnAs,除个别站位Cd受到轻度污染外,其他6种重金属污染程度均为清洁。采用潜在生态风险评价显示,研究海域7种重金属的Eir多年平均大小排序为CdHgAsPbCuCrZn,综合潜在风险指数等级为低生态风险水平。结合地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法两种评价方法得出的评价结果一致,结果表明Cd是曹妃甸附近海域表层沉积物中主要潜在生态风险因子。 相似文献
9.
本文对三亚东部近岸海域表层沉积物中7种重金属元素的地球化学特征和空间分布特征进行了研究,并应用地积累指数法和尼梅罗综合指数法对各重金属的污染程度进行了评价。研究发现, 三亚东部近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属含量总体较低,符合《海洋沉积物质量》一类标准,大多数重金属元素含量的空间分布主要受元素的“粒度控制律”制约,其物质来源主要为陆源细粒沉积。地积累指数法和尼梅罗综合指数法的评价结果均表明,研究区表层沉积物的重金属未达到污染程度,属清洁状态,环境质量良好。 相似文献
10.
基于2017年11月珠江口外陆架海域表层沉积物中Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr等7种重金属元素的调查结果,应用单因子标准指数和地累积指数法评价了研究海域表层沉积物环境质量,采用H?kanson潜在生态风险指数评价法定量评估沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险,并利用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析初步探究了研究海域沉积物中重金属的主要来源。结果表明:研究海域表层沉积物中7种重金属污染物含量均达到海洋沉积物质量一类标准,地累积指数显示研究海域表层沉积物环境整体处于清洁状态,部分站位中的As和Cd属轻度污染。总体来说,研究海域沉积物环境属于低潜在生态风险(综合潜在生态风险系数RI 150)。单项因子潜在生态风险由高到低为Cd Hg As Pb Cu Cr Zn,研究海域西部表层沉积物重金属Cd的潜在生态风险系数均值达到中等潜在生态风险水平。Cr、Cu和Zn元素具有相近来源,主要为工业产生的陆源污染物; Pb、As和Cd元素来源相似,来源于陆源工业和农业污染经大气沉降及海上交通污染;而Hg与其他重金属元素无明显相关。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献