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1.
我国淡水优质草食性鱼类的营养和能学研究Ⅰ.草鱼、团头鲂、长春鳊的生化成分和能值 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于1987年及1988年冬季在长江,珠江,湖北武汉东湖、保安湖、洪湖、武黄湖,安徽太平湖,广东仙溪水库采集了草鱼、团头鲂和长春鳊,共328尾,测定了鱼体生化成分。结果表明:1.在同一水域、同一季节收集三种鱼的系列样品,鱼体的水分、蛋白质、脂肪的含量和能值与鱼体重关系显著,三种鱼体的灰分和无氮浸出物的含量与体重无明显关系;2.不同水域的三种鱼,湖泊鱼体的含脂量、能值、能量与蛋白质的比值均高于江中的同种、同龄体长接近的鱼,水分含量则低于江中的鱼,蛋白质、灰分和无氮浸出物差异不大;3.三种鱼的蛋白质均含有常见的17种氨基酸。 相似文献
2.
生物体的含能量及比能值(Q,指单位体重的含能量)是能量学研究的重要参数,蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物是生物体含能量的主要物质载体。在鱼体中,碳水化合物的含量约占0.5%,在鱼类能量学研究中一般忽略不计,生化组分决定鱼体的能量含量。在自然界中，鱼体的生化组成是变化的(Craig,1977),精确估计鱼体的含能量及生化组成是建立鱼类能量收支方程的必要条件,但同时也是深入开展能量学研究的主要困难之一。研究者发现,在各种条件下,鱼体各组分之间都有比较恒定的比例关系( Elliott,1976; Weatherly et al,1983),因此提出,如果以鱼体某个易于测定的指标(如含水量、体重等)作为自变量,建立起与含能量及化学组成较显著的相关关系,则可较方便地对有关指标进行间接估计。
1994年8-11月,作者在对黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus B.,)进行能量学研究的同时,对其比能值及化学组成亦进行了测定,探讨了日粮水平(RI)对鱼体比能值及生化组成的影响,建立了干物质含量和比能值的预测模式以及含水量与比能值、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量的回归关系,以便对实验鱼类的比能值及化学组成进行间接估计。 相似文献
3.
闽南近海中国团扇鳐和林氏团扇鳐肌肉中水分含量、灰分含量及能值的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了中国团扇鳐和林氏团扇鳐肌肉中的水分含量、灰分含量及能值．中国团扇鳐肌肉水分含量为75．86％，灰分含量为5．15％，能值为21．49MJ/kg；林氏团扇鳐肌肉水分含量为76．66％，灰分含量为5．04％，能值为21．29MJ／kg．中国团扇鳐、林氏团扇鳐的体重与体长有显著的正相关关系；中国团扇鳐、林氏团扇鳐的水分含量随体重的增加而减小，能值随体重的增加而升高；中国团扇鳐肌肉的能值与水分含量之间具有一定的相关递减的趋势，林氏团扇鳐水分含量与灰分含量之间具有一定的相关递增的趋势．此外，中国团扇鳐、林氏团扇水分含量、灰分含量及能值随季节的变化而变化．这与鱼体自身的生物学特性有关。也受到环境因子变化的影响． 相似文献
4.
眼斑拟石首鱼生长特性的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文研究了眼斑拟石首鱼生长的特性以及外界因素对共生长的影响。未成熟鱼体重与体长关系为Ｗ＝０．０１２３ＳＬ＾３．０５１１，成熟鱼其关系为Ｗ＝０．００４２ＳＬ＾３．２４２２；此鱼幼鱼全长与体长呈直线关系ＴＬ＝１．１５０６ＳＬ＋０．２８６６。在适宜的温度条件下鱼的生长快速，平均最大生长率达４．８８ｇ／ｄ。在海水养殖中起鱼死亡的临界ＤＯ值为２．０ｍｇ／ｋｍ＾３左右。我国北方养殖一年鱼的体重可达５００ｇ，南 相似文献
5.
肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)基因对肌肉生长起负调控作用,在动物育种上具有潜在的应用前景.报道了眼斑拟石首鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)的MSTN基因的序列结构特征及其组织特异性表达.MSTN基因具有3个外显子和2个内含子,编码376个氨基酸.在内含子Ⅰ和3'-UTR区内,分别发现了(TC)4CC(TC)4CT(TC)4和(AC)7微卫星序列.推断的眼斑拟石首鱼的MSTN氨基酸序列具很强的保守性,与石鼓鱼、金鲷、条纹石鮨、白鲈、金眼石鮨之间的相似性在90%以上.在结构上,眼斑拟石首鱼的MSTN包含N端信号序列(1~22氨基酸残基),TGF-β前肽域(41~256氨基酸残基),RXXR蛋白水解位点(264~267位的RARR)和TGF-β区域(282~376氨基酸残基).在检测的10种组织中,MSTN只在眼斑拟石首鱼的肌肉、脑和眼组织中表达,其中在肌肉表达最强. 相似文献
6.
不同体重异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)的补偿生长 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
在实验室内进行了8周实验以确定不同体重的异育银鲫的补偿生长。按初始体重将实验鱼分为L[(8·7±0·0)g]、M[(5·3±0·1)g]和S[(3·2±0·0)g]三个规格,每个规格的鱼或在第1—2周停食,在第3—8周按饱食投喂(停食鱼)或始终按饱食投喂(对照鱼)。结果表明,第2周结束时,停食鱼体重、全鱼脂肪与蛋白质含量明显低于同规格的对照鱼,而全鱼灰分和水分含量高于后者。第3—8周内停食鱼摄食率和特定生长率(SGR)明显高于同规格对照鱼,但饲料效率与后者无明显差异。第8周结束时,停食的M鱼体重与同规格对照鱼无显著差异,停食的L和S鱼体重仍明显小于同规格对照鱼,表明恢复投喂后停食的M鱼实现完全补偿,而L和S鱼为部分补偿。实验结束时停食的M鱼全鱼组成与同规格对照鱼无明显差异,但鱼躯干蛋白质含量和内脏团脂肪含量仍明显低于后者,内脏团蛋白质和灰分含量高于后者;停食的L鱼躯干鱼体组成与同规格的对照鱼无显著差异,但全鱼脂肪和蛋白质含量、内脏团脂肪含量仍明显低于后者;绝食的S鱼内脏团组成与同规格的对照鱼无显著差异,但全鱼脂肪含量以及鱼躯干脂肪和蛋白质含量明显低于后者。 相似文献
7.
黄斑蓝子鱼幼鱼对蛋白质和脂肪适宜需要量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用酪蛋白为蛋白源、鱼油为脂肪源,配制脂肪含量为8%而蛋白水平分别为24%、28%、32%、36%和40%,以及蛋白含量为32%而脂肪水平分别为3%、6%、9%和12%的9种配合饲料,对黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)幼鱼开展8周的生长试验,以研究其对蛋白质和脂肪的适宜需要量。结果显示,饲料中的蛋白质和脂肪含量对蓝子鱼的生长性能、饲料利用率及鱼体生化成分等都有一定的影响。蛋白水平过高(40%)或过低(24%)的饲料组鱼的生长效果较差;32%蛋白水平组鱼的增质量率和蛋白质效率最好、且显著高于其他各组,而饲料系数显著低于其他各组。鱼体的蛋白质含量随着饲料蛋白水平的增加而呈上升趋势,但水分、粗脂肪和灰分的含量不受影响。3%~9%脂肪水平组鱼的增质量率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率相互间无显著差异,但它们的增质量率及蛋白质效率显著高于12%脂肪水平组鱼,而饲料系数正好相反。肝体指数和鱼体脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平的增加而升高,但鱼体的蛋白质和水分含量受饲料脂肪水平的影响不大。3%脂肪水平组鱼的成活率较低。根据增质量率及蛋白质效率与饲料蛋白水平的二次回归分析,获得蓝子鱼幼鱼对蛋白质的适宜需要量为29.01%~34.37%;综合考虑上述指标,认为蓝子鱼幼鱼饲料中脂肪的适宜添加量为6%~9%。 相似文献
8.
石首鱼是鲈行目，石首鱼科鱼类的统称。石首鱼体稍长，侧扁，口大。头骨具粘液腔，体被栉鳞。耳石很大，因而得名“石首”。鳔发达，多数石首鱼可通过鳔上肌肉的活动发出声音，鲽起到共鸣室的作用。石首鱼是底栖、肉食性鱼类，主要以软体动物为食。 相似文献
9.
眼斑拟石首鱼的营养需求及环境因子对生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
综述发眼斑拟石首鱼对饵料营养的需求量，以及环境因子如水浊，盐度，溶解氧，氮化物，总硬度，氯化物等对其生长，生存的影响。 相似文献
10.
美国红鱼海上网箱养殖技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
美国红鱼属鲈形目,石首鱼科,拟石首鱼属,学名为Ｓｃｉａｅｎｏｐｓｏｃｅｌｌａｔｕｓ,中文直译名为眼斑拟石首鱼,在台湾等地又称红鱼、红姑鱼、斑尾鲈、黑斑红鲈等。体型与鮸鱼、大黄鱼近似,体色微红,尾鳍基部通常有１～４个黑色圆斑。美国红鱼原产墨西哥湾及美国西南部沿岸,是美国重要的商业养殖鱼类。１９９１年国家海洋局第一海洋研究所从美国引进该鱼的仔鱼进行入工养殖,对其在我国的生态、生长特性、养殖技术做了初步研究,并于１９９５年成功地培育出了第一代美国红鱼鱼苗［１～５］。美国红鱼具有生长快、适温广,能在海水… 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献