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1.
为研究福建省九龙江口海门岛大型底栖动物的群落结构变化,于2014年11月至2015年8月对海门岛红树林区的大型底栖动物进行4个季度的调查研究,并利用PRIMER软件进行群落物种多样性单变量分析、群落聚类分析(Cluster)、多维尺度排序(MDS)分析和丰度/生物量曲线(ABC)分析.结果表明:九龙江口海门岛红树林区获得大型底栖动物共计112种,年平均生物量为77. 58 g/m2,年平均栖息密度为991. 0 ind/m2. Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(d)和均匀度指数(J')分别为2. 42、5. 02和0. 70,其中春季生物多样性指数和均匀度指数均最低,与春季生物的繁殖有关.ABC曲线表明该区域有三分之一采样点的大型底栖动物群落受到中等到严重程度的扰动,主要集中在春季站位,这与该季节渔民滩涂养殖作业活动有关. Cluster聚类分析和MDS标序结果表明,在50%的相似性水平群落可分为6组,且不同组间显示季节差异显著.结合历史资料发现,大型底栖动物群落随环境质量的变化已出现了一定的群落演替,物种呈小型化趋势.环境因子与群落分布特征相关性较大,其中最能解释群落丰度和生物量空间分布特征的环境因子为水温、盐度和有机质含量. 相似文献
2.
烟台牟平海洋牧场夏季大型底栖动物群落特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确烟台牟平海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落特征、影响因子及低氧对该区域底栖动物群落特征的影响,于2015年6月和8月分两个航次在该区域分别设置相同的18个采样点进行大型底栖动物群落特征调查和分析。对采集的生物样品进行群落特征分析,使用生物统计软件PRIMER计算优势度指数(Y)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Pielou均匀度指数(J),并进行等级聚类(CLUSTER)和非度量多维标度法(MDS)分析以及azti’s marine biotic index(AMBI)和multivariate-AMBI(m-AMBI)分析。其中6月航次共采集和鉴定大型底栖动物97种,优势类群为多毛类。总平均生物量达到10.64 g/m2,甲壳类贡献率最高;8月航次共采集和鉴定大型底栖动物78种,多毛类是优势类群。总平均生物量达到9.28 g/m2,多毛类贡献率最高。6月份的H',D,J分别为3.071±0.773、2.782±0.778和0.622±0.143;8月份分别为3.192±0.369、2.730±0.510和0.751±0.076。通过CLUSTER聚类和MDS标序发现,6月份和8月份底栖动物物种组成之间存在显著差异。环境因子与大型底栖动物丰度和生物量关系较大,其中最能解释该群落丰度和生物量的环境因子为水深、水温、浊度,而溶解氧是造成6月份与8月份丰度和生物量较大差异的主要因素。AMBI和m-AMBI分析表明该区域部分采样点大型底栖动物物种组成以污染耐受种为主,底栖生态健康不佳。烟台牟平海洋牧场8月份季节性的缺氧环境,已在短期内影响了底栖动物的物种组成。 相似文献
3.
2006年7月—2008年8月,对象山港全港海域设立的13个采样站位采集的调查资料,用物种丰富度指数、物种均匀度指数和物种多样性指数分析象山港大型底栖动物物种的多样性和群落种类的组成,以及采用ABC曲线方法和大型多元统计分析软件PRIMER5对象山港大型底栖动物进行Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析和非度量MDS标序,研究象山港大型底栖动物群落结构。调查显示象山港大型底栖动物不同采样站位之间物种丰富度指数(d)、均匀度指数(J)、辛普森多样性指数(D)和香农-威纳多样性指数(H’)差异皆高度显著(P0.01)。群落结构聚类分析和MDS标序表明,13个采样站位的大型底栖动物群落大致可分为3组。根据所调查象山港大型底栖动物的丰度和生物量资料做的ABC曲线分析表明,该海域大型底栖动物群落受到了严重的环境污染或者扰动,逐渐由一种或几种个体较小的种类占优势。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(5)
根据2013年8和10月、2014年2和5月在黄河口及邻近水域的大型底栖动物调查数据,采用群落物种多样性指数和丰度/生物量比较曲线,对黄河口大型底栖动物群落结构和生态状况进行分析。黄河口及邻近水域共采集到大型底栖动物80种,以多毛类、节肢动物和软体动物为主。10月优势种为纽虫,2和8月优势种为江户明樱蛤(Moerella jedoensis),5月无优势种。各群落物种多样性指数的季节变化趋势相同,均为2月最高,5和10月次之,8月最低,丰度/生物量比较曲线结果和多样性指数一致。研究结果表明,黄河口及邻近水域底栖生态状况全年显示为未受扰动状态,群落结构较稳定,其中冬季最优,其次为秋季和春季,夏季最差。空间变化表现为,靠近河口水域的生态状况较差,底栖动物物种丰富度较低,而远离河口区域的生态状况较好。 相似文献
5.
烟台近海大型底栖动物群落特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
为了解烟台近岸海域大型底栖动物群落现状,分析群落演替特征,并在此基础上探讨引发群落演替的原因,于2010年4月、8月、11月及2011年3月4个航次（春、夏、秋、冬）对烟台近海大型底栖动物进行周年调查分析。采用优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、Cluster聚类和MDS排序分析大型底栖动物群落特征,并与历史资料比较分析群落演替情况。结果表明,该海域共采集到大型底栖动物176种,其中多毛类77种,软体动物46种,甲壳动物39种,棘皮动物7种,其他7种。群落中的优势种组成季节性差异较小,基本保持稳定,短叶索沙蚕和不倒翁虫为4个季度共有优势种。烟台近海年平均生物量为16.72 g/m2,以秋季最高,春季最小;年平均丰度为1022 ind/m2,以冬季最高,春季最低。丰富度指数（D）、均匀度指数（J）和多样性指数（H’）的年平均值分别为2.30、0.70和1.91。聚类分析结果表明,大型底栖动物群落结构与底质和水深关系密切,但是由于受到不同类型的环境扰动,大型底栖动物群落呈现斑块状分布。与上世纪90年代相比,群落特征发生了一定程度的变化,表现为物种数下降,群落中优势类群的比例和优势种组成发生了变化,群落中软体动物比例减少,多毛类比例增加。人类活动包括污水排放、养殖和捕捞、港口建设和船舶航运等干扰是导致调查海域大型底栖动物种类组成及数量变化的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
为了了解福建省惠安县大港湾大型底栖动物的群落组成、密度、生物量和生物多样性指数等群落特征,在大港湾布设了12个测站,于2013年1月(冬季)和4月(春季)进行调查.两次调查初步鉴定大型底栖动物174种,冬季99种,春季136种.其中多毛类、甲壳动物、软体动物占总物种数的86.7%,构成了大港湾大型底栖动物的主要类群.平均生物量13.02 g/m2,冬季5.19 g/m2,春季20.54 g/m2;平均密度439.80 ind/m2,冬季402.61 ind/m2,春季475.42 ind/m2.大型底栖动物群落中优势度指数大于2%的物种冬季有11种,春季有8种;以密度、生物量和出现频率3种数据为参数计算的物种相对重要性指数大于1 000的冬、春季都只有模糊新短眼蟹(Neoxenophthalnus obscurus)1种,说明模糊新短眼蟹在该海区的综合优势度较高.冬季和春季的多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数d与均匀度指数J存在显著差异,总体上冬季明显小于春季.根据群落Bray-Curitis相似性系数对大港湾12个测站进行群落分布聚类分析,12个测站聚类为3组.用多维排序尺度方法对大港湾12个测站进行群落结构分析,呈现的不同程度分离点阵表明12个测站可划分为3个群落,与群落分布聚类分析结果一致. 相似文献
7.
山东半岛宁津沿岸潮间带大型底栖动物生态学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2009年11月至2010年8月4个季度(秋、冬、春、夏)对宁津沿岸潮间带2个断面的高潮带(SC1H与SC2H)、中潮带(SC1M与SC2M)和低潮带(SC1L与SC2L)所设6个站位的大型底栖动物生态调查资料,采用种属组成、优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度度指数等方法,分析了调查区域内大型底栖动物的生态特征和季节变化。结果表明:宁津沿岸潮间带共采集到大型底栖动物45种,其中甲壳动物为优势类群,共计20种;软体动物14种,环节动物多毛类9种,其他类动物2种。优势种组成方面,甲壳动物钩虾类是4个季度的绝对优势种。调查区域大型底栖动物的年平均生物量为45.09 g/m2;最高生物量出现在秋季,最低出现在春季;空间分布上,除春季外其他三个季度的生物量变化趋势均为中潮带低潮带高潮带。年平均丰度为182.67个/m2;最高丰度出现在夏季,最低出现在冬季。宁津沿岸潮间带大型底栖动物的年平均物种多样性指数H′为1.09,季节变化趋势为冬季秋季夏季春季,空间分布趋势为低潮带中潮带高潮带。与邻近潮间带文献资料相比,调查区域的大型底栖动物在物种数量、生物量和丰度、物种多样性方面均处于低值水平。 相似文献
8.
舟山群岛不同底质潮间带夏季大型底栖动物的群落结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2006年7—8月,对舟山群岛12个岛屿的不同底质潮间带设置的14条断面进行了大型底栖动物群落结构特征的调查,并进行了相似性群落聚类分析、非参数多维标序(nMDS)及丰度/生物量比较ABC曲线分析。结果显示,采集到的大型底栖动物共69种,其中软体动物39种、节肢动物20种、腔肠动物4种、环节动物3种,脊索动物3种。优势种为珠带拟蟹守螺Cerithidea cingulata、泥螺Bullacta exarata、紫贻贝Mytilus edulis、日本大眼蟹Macrophthalmus japonicus、日本笠藤壶Tetr-aclita japonica和沙蚕Nereis succinea。14条潮间带断面大型底栖动物的平均生物量为1 941.96g/m2,平均丰度为1 663个/m2,多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J′)和丰富度指数(D)平均值分别为1.910,0.749,1.815。与20世纪80—90年代相比,舟山海域潮间带大型底栖动物种类数急剧下降,优势种也有所变化,但其生物量与多样性指数变化不大。舟山群岛潮间带大型底栖动物可划分为2个群落,即岩相断面群和泥沙滩断面群。泥沙滩断面的底栖动物群落已受到扰动,群落稳定性下降,而岩礁断面生态环境好于泥沙滩断面,底栖动物群落尚未受到扰动。舟山海域潮间带底栖动物群落结构发生变化的主要原因是滩涂围垦、水产养殖与海岸工程等人为干扰作用。 相似文献
9.
分别于2018年冬季(1月)和夏季(9月)对胶州湾进行了2个航次20个相同站位的大型底栖动物调查。共鉴定出大型底栖动物287种。大型底栖动物的总平均丰度和生物量分别为2026个/m^2和378.0 g/m^2,2航次的丰度和生物量均呈现由胶州湾中部向南北两侧增大的趋势。调查水域优势种主要为多毛类,但相对重要性指数(I RI)最高的物种为菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数结果表明,胶州湾北部部分站位受到扰动(H′<2)。聚类分析表明在35%和26%的相似性水平上冬季和夏季航次的大型底栖动物分别划为2个和3个群落。Pearson相关分析结果显示底温是影响胶州湾大型底栖动物丰度分布的主要因素。 相似文献
10.
根据2011-2013年每年8月昌黎生态监控区大型底栖动物监测数据,以Simpson优势度为指标分析了研究区大型底栖动物的物种组成及群落结构年际变化。运用物种多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J)、丰富度指数(dMa)深入探究了监控区底栖动物的多样性变化趋势。研究结果显示:1)多毛类、甲壳类、软体类动物是该海域大型底栖动物的主要类群;2)2011-08监控区平均密度为43个/m2,平均生物量为3.14g/m2;2012-08监控区平均密度为41个/m2,平均生物量为3.21g/m2;2013-08监控区平均密度为28.74个/m2,平均生物量为7.72g/m2;3)2013年监控区19个站位多样性指标均值远高于前两年;4)2011-08监控区第一优势种为绒毛细足蟹其Y值为0.029 4;2012-08监控区第一优势种为裸盲蟹其Y值为0.007 3;2013-08监控区第一优势种为长吻沙蚕其Y值为0.007 0。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献