共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 483 毫秒
1.
为了研究酸碱环境对泥质页岩崩解特性的影响,分别对同一风化程度的泥质页岩进行了不同pH溶液中的静态崩解试验和耐崩解试验,得到了pH值变化对泥质页岩崩解的影响规律。结果表明:pH值对泥质页岩的崩解性影响较大,pH值越小的泥质页岩的崩解性越强。崩解物的耐崩解指数随着崩解物粒径减小而增大,随着pH值的减小而减小,酸性条件对泥质页岩耐崩解性的作用效果更明显。 相似文献
2.
华南红层风化土崩解特性及其改性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红层风化土具有遇水崩解特性,水稳性较差,在华南湿热多雨的气候条件下,极易发生崩解破坏,故研究其崩解特性及其控制机理成为实际工程中关注的热点问题之一。针对当前对红层风化土崩解特性研究的不足,自行设计了一套崩解试验装置,开展了不同含水率及密实度条件下华南典型红层风化土的崩解试验,并从组分及组构的角度分析了红层风化土的崩解破坏机理,然后在此基础上,通过掺入高性能酯类材料进行土壤改性试验,探索了提高红层风化土抗崩解性的改性控制方法。结果表明:土体初始含水率愈低、密实度愈小,红层风化土的崩解性愈强,崩解速率愈快,破坏现象愈显著;崩解控制因素主要为土体矿物成分、化学成分、孔隙裂隙及胶结物特征等;高性能酯类材料可以增强土体颗粒间的胶结作用及团聚程度,从而提高土体的水稳定性,进而控制红层风化土的崩解特性。研究对揭示红层风化土遇水崩解特性及其崩解机理,并从土壤改性角度提高其抗崩解性具有一定参考意义。 相似文献
3.
黏土岩的崩解过程易受环境条件(如崩解液特征)影响,酸雨作用对其影响显著,但其酸雨崩解特征有待研究。目前对黏土岩崩解特征的评价多采用耐崩解性指数,仅考虑崩解后大于2mm的残留颗粒质量,未反映崩解后的整体粒径分布特征。本文以典型酸雨区攀枝花机场滑坡为依托,选取滑带粉砂质泥岩,开展不同pH值条件下的岩石崩解试验;引入分形理论,建立分形维数与酸雨历时、降雨酸度间的相关关系,定量刻画粉砂质泥岩酸雨崩解特征及影响因素;采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法分析不同酸度崩解溶液的离子成分差异,以探索降雨酸度造成岩石崩解特征差异的本质原因。结果表明:采用分形理论可以较好地反映粉砂质泥岩酸雨崩解特征,分形维数越大,粉砂质泥岩崩解程度越大;分形维数与酸雨历时、降雨酸度之间皆存在明显对数正相关关系;不同降雨酸度粉砂质泥岩崩解特征存在差异的原因在于白云石、方解石溶蚀程度不同。研究成果可为酸雨地区黏土岩的工程性质评价提供参考。 相似文献
4.
崩岗破坏是红层土中特有的破坏形式,在花岗岩风化土中发育更为强烈,这与花岗岩风化土自身的力学性质有关。本文认为花岗岩风化土自身的结构性、粒间吸力特性决定了其遇水软化和崩解的性质,花岗岩风化土软化主要表现为减压软化和损伤软化,花岗岩风化土颗粒粒径和孔隙大小不均匀性,以至土体在吸水过程中吸力不平衡导致其崩解作用。花岗岩风化土遇水发生软化和崩解是崩岗发生的内因,为崩岗破坏水土流失提供了物质来源,长期的水与重力作用是崩岗发生的外因,为崩岗持续发展提供了动力,在上述内因和外因作用下,最终形成了崩岗地貌。 相似文献
5.
绢云母片岩是一种易崩解的片岩填料,在大气的长期干湿循环作用下,性能极易发生衰减、弱化。通过开展干湿循环前后不同初始最大粒径绢云母片岩的加州承载比试验和回弹模量试验,探讨其强度变化规律,并结合颗粒分析试验,从崩解的角度解释上述强度变化原因。结果表明,绢云母片岩在经历10次干湿循环作用后颗粒再无明显崩解,粒径为10 mm的颗粒可作为其崩解强弱的分界点,粒径大于10 mm的颗粒崩解较快,粒径小于10 mm的颗粒崩解较慢。绢云母片岩的回弹模量在初始最大粒径为5～10 mm时较大;而其承载比在初始最大粒径为10～20 mm时较大。结合崩解特性,选取初始最大粒径10 mm作为绢云母片岩路基填筑的控制粒径。 相似文献
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白垩系砂岩沉积时间短,胶结程度差,在水化作用下极易发生崩解。选用湖北宜昌地区白垩系五龙组砂岩开展室内静态与动态崩解试验,分析了静动态崩解方式下白垩系砂岩的耐崩解指数的变化规律。通过测定崩解循环后不同粒径范围内崩解物颗粒质量百分含量的变化分析白垩系砂岩的崩解过程,采用电镜扫描试验观察崩解前后白垩系砂岩的镜下微观特征,根据崩解后崩解残留物的形态特征分析白垩系砂岩的崩解破坏模式,研究白垩系砂岩的崩解机理;从能量耗散的角度入手,引用表面能增量定量描述白垩系砂岩崩解过程中的破碎程度。结果表明:静态崩解下白垩系砂岩的耐崩解指数整体上低于动态崩解,随着崩解次数变大,小粒径颗粒(0.25~0.075 mm)的质量百分含量逐渐增加,最终趋于稳定;白垩系砂岩的崩解破坏主要是沿着节理裂隙面、颗粒胶结面以及微裂隙逐渐展开,随着崩解物粒径由大变小,与水的接触机会增多,且相应的裂隙扩展路径变短,崩解物破碎程度加大。采用表面能累计增量可以较好地反映白垩系砂岩在崩解过程中的破碎程度,表面能累计增量越大,崩解残留物越破碎,崩解程度越高。研究成果可为易崩解软岩地区岩土体工程性质评价提供理论参考。 相似文献
7.
滇中红层软岩微观结构及水理特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滇中红层软岩具有成岩作用差、易产生较大变形、遇水易软化、易崩解等特征,本文采用环境扫描电镜试验和水理特性试验,对红层软岩的微观结构特征,崩解、膨胀、软化等水理特性进行了研究。试验结果表明,红层软岩矿物粒间空隙大多被粘土矿物填充,粘土矿物以伊利石和蒙脱石为主,为混层结构,结晶程度相对较差,多数有蚀变的痕迹。具有微小裂隙的红层软岩在1~2次充分饱水烘干后,崩解性开始显现;随着干湿循环次数增加,岩样的质量变化呈减小趋势;干湿循环次数继续增加,崩解性指数趋于平缓。红层软岩由于风化作用影响程度和自然含水率的差异,岩体内部崩解张力具有明显不均匀性。经过自由浸水48h后,红层软岩的单轴抗压强度降低29.83%~58.47%,各地层软化系数在0.4~0.7之间,遇水后呈现显著软化效应。这些结果为红层软岩地区公路工程建设的工程地质研究提供了一定参考。 相似文献
8.
白垩系时期的五龙组砂岩,由于其地层年代新,沉积时间较短,岩石内部胶结作用不完全,因此在水化学环境下极易被侵蚀并发生崩解,进而诱发各种灾害。本文以白垩系五龙组砂岩为研究对象,将其置于不同酸碱度的化学溶液中进行岩石的循环崩解试验。通过试验分析了水化学作用下白垩系五龙组砂岩崩解过程中岩石的耐崩解指数;得到每次循环崩解后,各粒径范围内崩解物质量百分比,基于此分析了岩石在水化学环境下的崩解特性;使用微观观察手段和检测手段探究了崩解前后矿物组分变化及崩解过程中岩石的微观结构演变规律;基于热力学以及断裂力学相关理论,构建崩解过程的能量耗散数学模型。研究结果表明：白垩系五龙组砂岩整体崩解速率先增后减并最终趋于稳定,其崩解物粒径分布较集中,主要在0.25 mm以下;在不同水化学环境下,白垩系五龙组砂岩的崩解强度呈现酸性>碱性>中性的差异化特征;将不同崩解循环次数下崩解物颗粒级配分布数据和微观几何结构参数代入能量耗散模型,结合实际情况分析表明岩石崩解能量耗散模型能较好表征岩石的崩解过程。研究成果可为岩石的崩解机制研究提供参考。 相似文献
9.
红层软岩透水性弱、亲水性强,受含水量和水热(温度和降雨)变化影响极易发生软化崩解,给红层软岩地区工程建设和地质环境带来挑战。为研究不同含水量和多种水热试验工况下红层软岩的崩解特征和微观机理,以川西金堂县和中江县两处开挖红层软岩边坡工程为依托,利用自制降雨装置和温控设备,开展不同梯度初始含水量红层软岩在多种水热试验工况下的循环崩解试验。从红层软岩宏观形貌演变、微观结构及矿物组成、崩解系数、R值(崩解质量损失率)和崩解后颗粒分析5个方面对红层软岩崩解情况进行了研究,试验结果表明:红层软岩宏观形貌演变特征与微观结构变化及矿物差异存在一定的对应关系;黏土矿物的含量是红层软岩发生崩解的主要内因且与崩解呈正相关关系;崩解程度与初始含水量及水热效应联系密切;两处红层软岩R最小/大值差距明显,分别为0.22%、0.05%和1.63%、2.17%;粒径分布对红层软岩的崩解程度具有较好的评价作用,崩解越强烈,大颗粒越少,小颗粒越多,小颗粒更集中于0.075~0.5 mm之间。崩解系数、R值和最终粒径分布曲线可以很好地结合起来对红层软岩的崩解进行量化分析,并与微观结构及矿物差异相联系解释红层软岩的崩解演变特征。研究成果可为金堂、中江及其他红层软岩地区的工程建设和地质评价提供一定参考。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献