共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 70 毫秒
1.
2.
《岩土力学》2017,(7):2128-2136
在地下洞室、隧道等工程中,裂隙岩石峰值强度后的损伤破坏特性及演化机制对控制围岩稳定至关重要,目前,对岩石峰后的损伤破坏特性研究不充分,认识不全面,易出现大体积塌方、大变形等工程事故。针对峰后裂隙岩石的力学性质,开展室内三轴试验,分析其非线性损伤破坏特性;假设岩石损伤满足Weibull分布规律,引入损伤变量,推导出峰后裂隙岩石非线性损伤破裂本构方程;将上述本构方程与能量耗散原理、应变能密度理论相结合,建立了峰后裂隙岩石的非线性损伤破坏准则;采用FISH语言开发了基于上述破坏准则的峰后岩石损伤破裂计算程序,用连续的方法模拟分析了峰后裂隙岩石的非连续损伤破裂过程,揭示了裂隙岩石峰后损伤破坏特性及其演化规律,并与裂隙岩石的三轴压缩试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:上述本构方程与判别准则能较好地模拟峰后裂隙岩石非线性损伤破裂过程。为有效控制围岩稳定提供一种新的理论分析手段。 相似文献
3.
4.
岩石破裂行为的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
岩样的破裂行为、破坏过程和参数测试是裂隙断裂构造研究的基础和依据。实验岩石样品采自四川东部和新疆北部地区,为测试准确起见,对岩样进行了应力等值线的有限元法计算。通过单轴和三轴实验的岩样破坏观察和应力应变曲线对比,将岩石的破裂行为、应力应变划分为四个阶段,即裂隙压密阶段、弹性变形阶段、微观劈裂阶段和宏观破裂阶段。基于单轴抗压实验岩石劈裂—破裂—碎裂发展过程的微观分析,可以看出宏观破裂主要是沿岩样原有的隐裂隙、临界裂隙发育的,许多新裂隙则主要是在宏观破裂阶段产生的。 相似文献
5.
为探究煤岩在变轴压加载下的变形破坏和瓦斯渗流演化规律,以原煤煤粉压制的煤体试件为研究对象,采用含瓦斯煤热流固耦合三轴伺服渗流试验系统,进行了5种不同轴压加载路径下的煤体三轴压缩及瓦斯渗流试验。研究结果表明,煤体变形可分为压密、稳定发展、非稳定破裂发展和破裂后4个阶段;压密阶段试件的应变变化速率主要与张开性结构面和裂隙有关,与轴压加载区间无关,稳定发展阶段虽然轴压加载速率不同,但在相同的轴压加载区间,轴向应变变化速率基本相同;变轴压加载前期煤体渗透率与轴压的加载速率呈负相关变化,中后期渗透率变化速率与轴压加载速率相关性不大。研究结论对指导冲击地压以及煤与瓦斯突出的监测预警有着重要意义。 相似文献
6.
《岩土力学》2017,(6)
页岩在重庆地区分布较广,在隧址围岩赋存环境中占较大比重,考虑到层理和水对页岩性质影响显著,因此,对页岩在层理和含水率影响下损伤破坏过程和劣化机制进行研究。试验借助于MTS815岩石力学测试系统和PAC声发射仪,进行单轴压缩条件下层状页岩损伤破坏过程的声发射试验研究,并采用大型离散元软件3DEC对页岩破坏模式进行对比分析。研究结果表明:(1)页岩的矿物成分、矿物排列和加载方向决定其损伤破坏过程,原生微裂隙的分布、矿物晶粒大小和加载方向决定了宏观裂隙的分布,宏观裂隙则控制着页岩的破坏模式。(2)页岩内部沿层理方向原生微裂隙群是页岩破坏起裂部位,次生微裂隙常沿矿物边界发展,与加载方向基本一致,最终形成宏观裂隙,起到连通层理破裂面的作用。(3)层状页岩AE事件的生成和分布与试件内部的微裂隙分布关系密切,初始压密阶段积聚于试件中部层理附近,后沿层理法向方向向端部或两侧发展,最终沿宏观裂隙转折及交点处聚结成核。(4)层理和水对页岩的损伤劣化机制不同,层理对页岩的损伤作用本质上是沿层理分布的原生微裂隙群的损伤作用,而水对页岩的损伤作用主要是水的吸附和毛细管压力作用。 相似文献
7.
8.
结合当前我国矿井高强度快速推采的现状,系统分析了双轴加载速率对大尺寸岩体破裂的影响规律。以山东能源济宁矿区深部岩体所处的复杂环境为背景,确定了与深部岩体力学特性相似的混合砂浆材料的最优配比。采用自主研发的岩石应力-渗流耦合真三轴试验系统和美国生产的PCI-2声发射系统,分析了双轴加载下加载速率对大尺寸试样破裂的影响规律,揭示了加载过程中单裂隙和双裂隙试样的破裂和声发射行为特征。研究表明:当加载速率为1.5 kN/s时,单裂隙试样在剪切作用下易起裂形成反翼裂隙;试样双裂隙的岩桥倾角越大,越有利于试样的加速破坏,产生的声发射事件数较少,表现出岩体破裂的突变性。 相似文献
9.
通过对岩石边坡中的裂隙水对岩石边坡裂隙作用的力学原理进行分析的基础上,提出了数值流形方法中对裂隙水渗流作用的计算方法,并在原有考虑裂纹扩展的数值流形方法程序中加入了考虑裂隙渗流的子程序。最后利用综合考虑渗流与断裂的数值流形方法程序对含初始裂隙的岩石边坡在渗流作用下的破坏过程进行了模拟。模拟结果再现了原始裂隙在渗流作用下的扩展路径及所形成的切割块体在自重作用下的运动过程,与边坡的实际破坏模式基本一致。 相似文献
10.
传统岩石钻孔取芯制备的试件存在同批次内部结构不明确、力学性质差异大等缺点,而插缝法制备试件存在预制节理产状不易控制、精度低、周期长等缺点。3D打印技术克服了传统试件制备方法的不足,但试件存在强度低、塑性高的缺点。采用3D打印技术制作了无节理完整试件A-1-1和非贯通平行四节理试件B-1-1,并进行了真空干燥处理和单轴压缩试验,对试件B-1-1进行了CT扫描试验和内部裂隙三维重构。获得了单轴压缩后该试件的应力-应变曲线、表观破裂模式和试件B-1-1内部裂隙的分布情况。试验结果表明:试件A-1-1的应力-应变曲线与未干燥试件的对比说明真空干燥可提高试件强度减小塑性变形,为3D打印试件在岩石力学领域的适用性研究提供参考;试件A-1-1的应力-应变曲线与煤岩对比,表观破裂模式与中砂岩的对比均相似,说明3D打印试件可用于类似岩石的力学研究;单轴压缩条件下"翼形扁颈漏斗状"破裂模式是使非贯通平行四节理试件失去承载能力的主要破裂模式,其裂隙产生、扩展、贯通演化规律表现为复杂的拉剪组合演化,且内部破裂模式与表观破裂模式存在很大差异,表观破裂模式不能准确表征内部破裂模式。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献